How to retrieve the cultural relic
There were many rigorous steps to take out the cultural relics. The following were the methods to take out the cultural relics in different scenarios: ** 1. Take out the archaeological relics on land ** 1. ** Archeological Investigation ** - Under the condition of not destroying the current situation of the site, they should carry out field inspection or exploration on the surface of the site, focusing on investigating the ditches, ridges, terrace sections, river terraces, riverbank highlands and other areas of farmland, as well as places with possible stories such as "Wangfen Gully" and "Chengzi Village" to discover ancient remains. - Collect distinctive and representative specimens that can reflect the patterns, texture, shape, age, and key parts of the artifacts in order to determine the location of the remains. 2. ** Archeological Exploration ** - With the help of a shovel and various technological means. They often used drilling and geological exploration methods. Geophysical exploration used geological exploration techniques to detect underground relics and often cooperated with drilling. They first explored a large area and then drilled in abnormal areas. - The method of arranging holes when digging the shovel included plum blossom point method, cross method, well method, one word method, etc. According to the soil brought out by the shovel (such as lime soil, five-flower soil, rammed soil), the nature of the relic was judged, and it was found that there might be a tomb underground. 3. ** Archeological excavation (approved by the Cultural Relics Administration Department)** - Make preparations, such as applying for an excavation permit, formulating an excavation plan, preparing a budget, organizing a team, preparing tools, and so on. - Use the method of exploration or trench excavation. Taking the site excavation as an example, the excavation area was divided into exploration areas according to the quadrants method.(Generally, it is 5m × 5m or 10m × 10m, composed of the main body, partition beams and key pillars). A 1m partition beam is left in the east and north of each exploration party to control the stratum and progress, as well as the transportation and walking passage. During excavation, the cultural layer and the range of relics are divided according to the soil quality, soil color and the contents. The principle of exposing layer by layer is followed. The flat and profile are combined to control the change of stratum. The exploration party unifies the progress. The relics are collected strictly according to the stratum and the unearthed unit, and the unearthed location is recorded. Collect artificial relics, human remains, animal bones and other natural relics (plant remains, mollusc remains and small animal remains in the shell hill site), and collect or extract important relics or traces. - When collecting relics and samples, fill in two copies of labels according to the number of the relics and stacking units, and seal them in plastic bags. The collection tools should be clean, and the staff should wear gloves. ** 2. Take out the deep-sea archaeological relics ** 1. ** Deep-sea archaeological relics from the shipwreck site on the northwest slope of the South China Sea (such as the No. 1 and No. 2 shipwreck site on the northwest slope of the South China Sea)** - A variety of deep-sea techniques and equipment were used to extract cultural relics through the flexible robotic arm of the submarine. Because it was impossible to extract cultural relics directly by hand through divers in the deep sea, the flexible material robotic hand would not damage the surface of the cultural relics, and it had enough grip to collect the cultural relics and bring them back to the surface, which would then be sorted out by archaeologists. - The number of cultural relics extracted was carried out according to the requirements of archaeologists. Each dive took about 8 hours, and the diving speed of the submarine was 35 meters per minute. The South China Sea shipwreck site was 1500 meters deep, and it took about 40 minutes to dive once. The round trip took about one and a half hours, and the underwater operation time was about 6 hours. 2. ** Other fragile cultural relics from the seabed (such as bamboo strips from the shipwreck site of the Yuan Dynasty in Shenglingyu, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province)** - Zhejiang University's cultural protection team used 3,4 -dimethylethylbenz [veratrolic], a temporary reinforcement material used underwater. The material needed to adapt to different temperatures, salinities, and hydraulic pressures, and explored a set of underwater environment construction methods. - Before the official seabed extraction, the experiment was carried out in a similar environment (such as the underwater archaeological training pool in Yangjiang, Guangdong Province). After success, the fragile cultural relics were extracted from the shipwreck site. Read more exciting novels for free
jar cultural relic
There were many situations where jars could be used as cultural relics. In China, for example, a porcelain jar from the Yuan Dynasty (which could be regarded as a kind of jar) was unearthed in Huxi Village, Jintan County, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province. At that time, it was used by villagers as a jar for pickled vegetables. Later, it was discovered by cultural relics experts that it was blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. Although it was incomplete, it was worth at least 100 million yuan. Sour jars were unearthed in Guilin from the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Northern Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which also reflected the long history of Guilin people eating sour food. In other countries, jars had been unearthed from Tutankhamun's tomb in ancient Egypt. The jars were filled with bandages, and there were special words on the bandages that indicated that they were related to Pharaoh Tutankhamun. In addition, there were also some old objects such as pottery jars in the countryside that might have collectible value. They were regarded as items with certain cultural and historical significance. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
As a cultural relic lover,
Please clarify the question. For example, do you want to know the classification and value of cultural relics, or other specific questions about cultural relics? <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic indicator
The following are some indicators related to cultural relics: 1. ** Number of collections **: For example, in 2023, there were 6,820,500 pieces/set in the collections of Shanghai City relics institutions, of which 1,237,400 pieces/set were in the collections of state-owned museum under the management of cultural relics system, accounting for 18.14% of the total collections; in 2021, there were 3,407,500 pieces/set in the collections of Shanghai City, of which 440,400 pieces/set were in the collections of cultural relics. 2. ** Organization and personnel related indicators **: - ** Number of institutions **: By the end of 2023, there were 112 cultural relics institutions of various types in Shanghai City; by the end of 2021, there were 176 cultural relics institutions listed in the statistics system in Shanghai City. - ** Personnel situation **: At the end of 2023, there were 5023 employees in Shanghai City relics institutions, of which 320 were senior titles, accounting for 6.37%; 889 were intermediate titles, accounting for 17.7%; at the end of 2021, there were 5124 employees in Shanghai City relics institutions. 3. ** Museum exhibition and visitor reception index **: - ** Exhibitions **: In 2023, various cultural relics institutions in Shanghai City held a total of 688 exhibition, including 252 basic displays and 436 temporary displays; in 2021, the Shanghai City (Memorial Hall) held 348 basic displays and 388 temporary displays. - ** Visitor reception **: In 2023, various cultural relics institutions in Shanghai City received 27,737,500 visitors. The state-owned museum managed by the cultural relics system received 12,257,100 visitors, accounting for 44.19% of the total number of visitors received by cultural relics institutions. In 2021, the number of visitors to the Shanghai City (Memorial Hall) was 20,039,100. 4. ** Qualification indicators related to cultural relic protection projects **: For example, the Grade A qualification for cultural relic survey and design, Grade A qualification for cultural relic protection project construction, Grade A qualification for cultural relic protection supervision, and other relevant qualifications are also important indicators in the field of cultural relic protection projects. They are of great significance in the general survey of cultural relics and the implementation of protection projects. 5. ** Standard-related indicators **: For example, the formulation and revision of standards in the sub-fields of immovable cultural relics, movable cultural relics, archaeological investigation and excavation, cultural relics safety, museum, cultural relics digitizing, special equipment for cultural relics protection, etc. are also indicators to measure the standardized and scientific aspects of cultural relics protection, including terms, classification, protection and repair technology, management, safety prevention and control, digitizing, etc. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic bone
The following are some relics related to bones: - Jiahu Bone Flute: Discovered in 1987 in Wuyang County, Henan Province, at an ancient site between 7,000 and 9,000 years ago. It is made from the leg bone of a crane. There are seven holes on the bone. It is very similar to the modern flute, and its melody is almost the same as the modern one. This discovery rewrote the history of music before the Qin Dynasty and even the entire history of China music, confirming the long history of Chinese civilization. - In 1981, after the collapse of the pagoda, four Buddha Finger relics were found in the underground palace. In 1987, it was identified as a first-class cultural relic by experts. For Buddhists, the Buddha Bone Sarira symbolized the high monks and their pure and flawless cultivation. It had great cultural significance. - The bone-wrapped clay sculpture of the Northern Song Dynasty was at Zhengguo Temple in Jiexiu City, Shanxi Province. Inside the clay sculpture was the remains of Daoist Songfeng, the head of the Jiegong Temple. After he passed away, his disciples first put on layers of clothes for his bones, then wrapped them in mud and painted them on the outside. Today, there were more than ten of such bone-wrapped true statues in the temple, which had maintained their original form after more than a thousand years. There were also nearly 20 clay sculptures from the Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties preserved in Mianshan, Shanxi Province. Among them was a bone-wrapped clay sculpture 800 years ago. The owner of the skeleton was the master of the Mianshan Palace Porcelain. It was also made in a similar way. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Lotus cultural relic
The following are some lotus relics: - The Autumn Training Cup was specially made during the Guangxu period to commemorate the autumn training of the Qing army. It was also a prize used to boost the morale of the army and the morale of the tottering Qing Dynasty. - ** Glass lotus cup from the Gansu Province Museum of the Yuan Dynasty **: The cup is 4.8 cm high, 1 cm high, and 12.5 cm in diameter. The cup and the cup complement each other, like a water lily blooming under the blue night sky. The shape is gorgeous, the color is gorgeous and noble. It is a relatively complete glass cup of the Yuan Dynasty unearthed so far, and it is a national treasure-level cultural relic. - ** The famille rose green flower-shaped cup from the Suzhou Museum of the Qing Emperor Qianlong **: It has a unique artistic value. - ** Jade Lotus Root Pen Stand (Clear)**: 5.3cm high, 16cm long, 5cm wide. The penholder was carved into a long lotus root, and the lotus flower, lotus pod, lotus leaf, and branches and leaves were hollowed out. The shape was novel, the jade was pure and smooth, and the embossed technique was used. The lotus flower and other decorative patterns had a strong three-dimensional sense and were exquisitely made. - ** Cizhou Kiln White Glaze Black Lotus Pattern Pillow (Song·Jin)**: Reflects the porcelain making process and artistic style of Cizhou Kiln at that time. - ** Blue and white lotus pond fish algae pattern jar (Ming)**: 36.7 cm high, 19.2 cm caliber, 19.3 cm diameter. The whole body was decorated with blue and white patterns. The neck was painted with back patterns, the shoulders were painted with lotus patterns, and the abdomen was painted with fish and algae in the lotus pond. The algae in the lotus pond fluttered, and there were mackerel, silver carp, carp, and mandarin fish swimming in the water, which meant "clean and honest". - ** Silk Lotus Frog Scroll (Republic of China)**: 78 cm long, 37 cm wide. On the painting, two large lotus leaves set off the delicate lotus flowers, and there were two frogs on the duckweed. The composition was concise and interesting, with the charm of a scholar's painting. - **<<Painting of Lotus and Mandarin Duck>>(Ming Dynasty, by Chen Hongshou)**: 183cm in length, 98.3cm in width. With the lotus flower as the theme, the flowers had various postures such as budding, first blooming, blooming, etc. The branches and leaves were dewy, the lake rocks were magnificent, and there were colorful butterflies flying and mandarin ducks playing in the water. - **<<Painting of Lotus Out of the Water>>(Song Dynasty, Fan Page)**: A blooming pink lotus flower occupies the entire picture. It is eye-catching under the contrast of the green lotus leaves. The lotus petal painting is similar to the "boneless" method of later generations, rendering the petals light and moist. - ** Bamboo inlaid with bamboo silk inlaid with jade lotus mandarin duck Ruyi (34cm long)**: Bamboo silk inlaid with jade Ruyi inlaid with lotus mandarin duck pattern jade decoration in the center. The style is delicate and elegant. After more than 200 years of craftsmanship, it is still exquisite. - ** Pink Egret Lotus Plate (Qing Guangxu)**: 6 cm high, 27.8 cm diameter, 17 cm diameter. The whole body was covered with white glaze, and the plate was decorated with lotus flowers, lotus leaves and egrets. - ** Green jade lotus water worm lotus leaf wash (clear)**: height 7.1 cm, caliber 8.7 - 11 cm. The brush wash is in the shape of a green jade lotus leaf. The center of the leaf droops, and the edge of the leaf rolls inward to form a heart wash. The bottom and the edge of the leaf are embossed water grass, lotus flowers, small lotus leaves, crabs, snails, frogs, etc. The shape is featured by the lotus. The image is vivid and vivid, full of natural charm. - ** Yue Kiln Secret-Color Porcelain Lotus Bowl (Five Dynasties, one of the three national treasures of Suzhou Museum)**: It is composed of a bowl and a holder. The whole body is covered with green glaze, which is crystal clear and clean. The bowl body and the outer wall are decorated with a shallow embossed a large lotus flower pattern. The shape is just like a blooming lotus flower, elegant and otherworldly. - ** Jade Lotus Hairpin Head (Song Dynasty)**: The hairpin head is carved with a lotus, lotus leaf, and lotus root on both sides. - ** Changsha Kiln Green Glazed Porcelain Bowl (Tang Dynasty)**: On the bowl, there is a five-character Tang poem depicting a woman picking lotus in the Tang Dynasty: Living by the green pond, learning to pick lotus in the morning. The water is deep and the responsibility is partial, and the lotus is exhausted and moved. In addition, there are Changsha kiln green glaze brown green color lotus flower pattern holding pot, Changsha kiln brown color lotus leaf pattern porcelain plate, Changsha kiln green glaze brown green color lotus flower pattern bowl, etc. Lotus is a common theme of Changsha kiln ware. - ** Xiaoyuzhai Golden Lotus Pattern Cover Bowl (Modern)**: A one-to-one classic replica of the original official kiln from the Qianlong period. There are two kinds of paintings: Doucai and Qinghua. The color of the Doucai model was gorgeous, while the blue-and-white model was fresh and elegant. With gold as the base, the lotus pattern was drawn using China realistic painting techniques. The lotus flowers were large and full, the shape was regular, and the color painting was exquisite. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic fan
The cultural relic fan has a rich historical and cultural content. In the Qing Dynasty, there were many famous fan relics, such as Ye Xin's "Jinling Eight Family Fan", which was a traditional Chinese painting on silk. It was now stored in Nanjing Museum in Jiangsu Province, China. The fan had overlapping peaks, mountain streams, and flying springs. It was very quiet and beautiful. The Museum of Shijiazhuang City has many collections of calligraphy and painting, most of which are fine works of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The museum has selected 34 fan works of the Qing Dynasty and will jointly organize the "Breeze Stone Comes--Excellent Fan Works of the Qing Dynasty in the Museum of Shijiazhuang City Province" in the No.6 exhibition hall on the first floor of the Baoshan City from July 26 to October 9, 2024. These fan surfaces cover the theme of mountains and rivers, flowers and birds, poetry and poetry, and shadow accompanying. It fully reflects the essence of the Qing Dynasty fan art and the cultural artistic conception. The round fans of the imperial concubines of the Qing Dynasty were also very valuable. For example, the round fan with a dyed bone handle with silk flowers and fruit patterns of the Qing Emperor Qianlong, 50cm long and 33cm in diameter, would be auctioned on June 14 at the Spring Auction of Zhongmao Shengjia 2024,"Silk Road Qiankun-Weaving and Embroidery Art Grand View", with an estimated value of RMB 150,000 - 250,000. This round fan was exactly the same as the same type of round fan in the Forbidden City. It was made in the same batch. The craftsmanship had been lost for a long time. There were only three pieces of shaved velvet in the domestic museum, and this was the only one in the market. It had high aesthetic and academic value. In addition, there is also the Deng Tingzhen fan in the collection of Fuzhou City Lin Zexu Memorial Hall. The collection is made of paper, 50cm in width and 18.2cm in length. The inscription reads "Deng Tingzhen in September of the Year Yisi", with the seal of "Deng Tingzhen Seal"(white text) and the seal of "Miaoji Zen Room"(Zhu text). The inscription is a paragraph of text copying the old traces of Wu Zetian's tour and Shi Cong in the book "Song Luo Visiting Monument Painting". The words contain coldness and elegance, and the ancient meaning is abundant in the light. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relic Selling
The sale of cultural relics was an area that was strictly regulated by laws and regulations. First of all, selling cultural relics required legal qualifications. For example, the registered capital of a cultural relics store needs to be paid in full, and there must be five middle-level cultural relics experts. The business scope includes the sale of cultural relics, the identification of cultural relics, the collection of cultural relics, etc. The address must be approved by the Cultural Relics Bureau; The registered capital of cultural relics auction requires 10 million yuan and is paid in full, requiring five senior cultural relics experts and one auctioneer. The business scope includes cultural relics business, cultural relics auction, etc. However, many cultural relics belonged to the state and were strictly prohibited from being sold privately. Anyone who resells cultural relics prohibited by the state for profit, if the circumstances are serious, will violate the provisions of article 326 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China and shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, and shall also be fined; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined. For example, in some cases, someone privately sold ancient tombstones dug up at the construction site, stone tablets taken from the grass and sold, and the relevant personnel were investigated for criminal responsibility for the crime of selling cultural relics. At the same time, when buying cultural relics online, one should also be careful. Many criminals would sell fake cultural relics as real cultural relics. For example, the old man spent more than 400,000 yuan in the live broadcast room to buy cheap crafts from wholesale websites instead of cultural relics. In short, legal and compliant sales of cultural relics must comply with relevant laws and regulations, possess corresponding qualifications, and guard against fraud in the sale of cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cardboard as a cultural relic
There were many examples of cardboard artifacts. For example, in school activities, students could cleverly combine cardboard boxes and paper cups into three Simuwu cauldrons. First, the cardboard boxes were cut and folded into rough shapes, and then carefully pieced together to make them three-dimensional and realistic. There were also parents who did manual work for their children. They took apart the cardboard at home and remolded it into the shape of a bronze cauldron. They used moldable clay to pinch out the patterns on the outside of the cauldron and stuck them on it. After drying, they were colored. In some school activities, students would also use cardboard to make magnificent works like the Simuwu Cauldron. Although the cardboard joining process was more difficult, it could produce very realistic effects. These cultural relics made of cardboard not only trained their hands-on ability, but also allowed people to feel the historical and cultural content carried by the cultural relics more deeply. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
12.10 Cultural Relic Case
The "12/10" cultural relic case was an extremely complicated and wide-ranging case. This was a case of a mafia group that controlled the underground tomb raiding market and the cultural relics reselling market in Luoyang. The four Song brothers were "two red and two black". Boss Song and Third Song were responsible for the theft and reselling of cultural relics. Second Song and Fourth Song were working in the Luoyang City force and were suspected of being responsible for mediating relationships and providing protection. At the end of 2002, the Ministry of Public Security began to pay attention to the case after receiving a report letter from overseas. The informant said that he saw a large number of precious cultural relics in the Song brothers 'possession, far exceeding the collection of Luoyang Museum. At that time, the Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Public Security instructed the Henan Province Public Security Bureau to directly organize a special force to investigate the case. The case was specifically handled by the Luoyang City Security Bureau. The "12·10" special task force was established and became the case supervised by the Ministry of Public Security. However, the case went through many twists and turns in the investigation process. Later, it was put on hold for more than ten years until December 2,2021. The Public Security Bureau of Luoyang City, Henan Province, issued a notice to publicly collect clues about the crimes committed by the four brothers, Song Yanbin, Song Yanhai, Song Yanqing and Song Yanhong. This meant that the case was reopened for investigation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural relic survey
The following is an example of a survey on cultural relics: * * 1. Basic Personal Information ** 1. Your age? A. under the age of 18 B. 18 - 30 years old C. 31 - 50 D. 51 - 65 E. over 65 2. Your education level? A. primary and lower B. junior high school C. high school/secondary school D. junior college E. regular college course F. master's degree or above * * 2. Understanding and Contact with Cultural Relics ** 1. How much do you know about cultural relics? A. know a lot about B. understand some C. knows very little about D. know nothing about 2. How do you learn about cultural relics? A. journalism B.短视频 C. offline visit D. books E. Other (please specify) 3. How often do you visit cultural relics? A. Visit often (at least once a month) B. Occasionally (a few times a year) C. never visited D. not convenient to disclose * * 3. Thoughts on the Protection of Cultural Relics ** 1. What do you think of the current state of cultural relics protection? A. great satisfaction B. be fairly satisfied C. not quite satisfied with D. very dissatisfied 2. What do you think about the smuggling and theft of cultural relics? A. Crack down and strengthen legal penalties B. strengthen supervision and improve preventive measures C. It should be handled by professional institutions without the participation of the public. D. I don't understand, it's hard to evaluate. 3. How do you think we should raise the public's awareness and protection of cultural relics? A. strengthen publicity and education to increase the popularity of cultural relics knowledge B. Set up relevant associations, organize activities, and increase public participation C. Development of cultural tourism, allowing tourists to experience the charm of cultural relics D. Other (please specify) 4. Are you willing to participate in the restoration of cultural relics? A. very willing B. be willing to C. indeterminacy D. unwillingness * * 4. Likes for different types of cultural relics ** 1. What's your favorite type of cultural relic? A. bronze ware B. ceramic C. painting and calligraphy D. Other (please specify) 2. If you like bronzes, which of the following do you like? A. simuwu ding B. chimes C. The Sword of Gou Jian, King of Yue D. Gan Jiang Mo Xie E. Other (please specify) 3. If you like porcelain, which of the following would you like? A. Qin Terracotta Warriors B. drumming and singing figurines C. Pig-patterned pottery bowl D. Tang Sancai E. Other (please specify) 4. If you like painting, which one of the following do you like? A. The Painting of Luoshen Fu B. Along the River During the Qingming Festival C. [Walking Carriage Painting] D. Five Bulls Painting E. Other (please specify) * * 5. Awareness of the value of cultural relics ** 1. How important do you think cultural relics are to history and culture? A. very large B. relatively large C. ordinary D. very small 2. Have you watched the recently popular Escape from the British Museum? A. are B. no 3. Would you recommend Escape from the British Museum to anyone around you? A. meet B. will not * * 6. Pay attention to the recovery and return of cultural relics ** 1. Do you pay attention to the recovery and return of Chinese cultural relics in foreign museum? A. very concerned about B. more concerned C. t pay much attention to D. Completely unconcerned 2. How do you think foreign museum should deal with China's looted cultural relics? A. unconditional return of B. Gradually return through negotiations and other means C. It shouldn't be returned. It's a historical issue. D. Other (please specify) <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>