Explain jade knowledge

Anshun jade is produced in the mountains of Anshun Yi Village, Shimian County, Ya 'an city, Sichuan Province, Dadu River Basin. It belongs to Sichuan Ancient Shu Jade. It has been used for thousands of years. The local ethnic minorities once processed it into water pipe and welding cigarette holder, commonly known as "pipe jade". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was named "egg yolk jade" because its color was similar to egg soup, but it was not developed and utilized in large quantities. In recent years, it has been valued because of its superior quality of seed and mineral materials. Anshun jade texture structure is dense, delicate and oily, transparent or translucent, with glass and grease luster. The colors were mainly egg yolk, honey yellow, milk yellow, milk white, high porcelain white, light green, and occasionally pink and green. There were many layers of colors and texture performance, and the artistic conception of the carving was extraordinary. Its main components are serpentine, tremolite, limestone, limestone, quartzite, etc., with a specific gravity of 2.85 - 2.95, a Mohs hardness of 4.5 - 5.5, and a spectral refraction index of about 1.6. It belongs to nephrite, with a majority of fiber interwoven and grainy structures. According to the standard, it is classified as Lantian jade, and can be issued a national inspection certificate according to its quality. The history of Anshun Jade's use can be traced back to the Old Stone Age. Ancestors used it for daily labor, such as making jade hoes, jade axes, jade knives, etc. In the New Stone Age, it was further processed into jade swords, jade pokes, jade beads, jade rings, etc. for war, production labor, and accessories. With the discovery of metal, the production and living tools made by it were replaced. Later, it was monopolized by the feudal ruling class for theocracy and imperial power, such as jade cong, jade seal, etc. After the production technology was greatly improved, it was widely developed into powerful families. In addition, if you bought jade that you were not satisfied with while traveling in Guizhou, you could return it within the time agreed upon by both parties. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Jade raw stone referred to natural minerals that had not been processed. Its source came from Myanmar. The origin of Myanmar jade was called field mouth, Kuangqu, or field area. There were ten field mouths, namely Mogang, Huika, Moxisa, Houjiang, Damakan, Mowanji, Hpakant, Nanqi, Muna, and Massa. The material at the entrance of Mogang Field had a thicker shell, mostly grayish yellow or grayish white in color. The water and background color were better. It was common to see a glass bottom with few cracks. It belonged to high-grade jade varieties, but the production was rare. The original stone at the entrance of Huika Field had a thin shell, mixed skin color and many cracks. There were types with high oil content in the red pepper shell that could produce spring and green. It was often full of green but could not be sought. The size of the material was very different. Mosha Field was famous for producing the best glass-type jadeite. Most of them had a glass base and were rarely colored. Once they were colored, they were extremely rare. The raw stones at Houjiang Field were mostly colored. They were well planted, had a good base, and had good water. Most of the raw stones were small pieces. They were not out of glass and were generally lighter in color. After being polished, the color would deepen. The raw stones at Damakan Field were thin and well-rounded. Almost all of them had a fog layer. There were cases of color cross-skin and fog cross-skin. The Mowan base field often produced bean green or melon green, occasionally high green imperial green. The variety of species was large, and there were relatively few cracks, so the risk of gambling was high. The raw stones at the Hpakant field were famous for their good seeds, good base, and good color. Most of them were mountain stones and water stones, and rarely were half-mountain and half-water stones. The Nanqi field almost did not produce kilograms of raw materials. The raw stones were small, but there were species. It was the only field that did not produce bricks. The quality of the raw jade stones was relatively good. The mining time at Muchankou was long and the yield was low. It was famous for producing full color with uniform color. The variety of species was large, mainly bean seeds, glutinous seeds and glutinous bean seeds, with relatively few cracks. Massa Field was a new factory. The raw stone material was generally skinless or less skinless, and the green color was lighter. The water and the background color were sometimes good and bad. It was usually used to make low-grade bracelets or larger ornaments. The colors of Burmese jade could be roughly divided into six types: white, red, green, black, yellow, and purple. White basically does not contain other impurity elements; red contains the chemical element iron; green contains more than 2% of Chromite; black contains more than 2% of Chromite and Iron; yellow contains the element Tantalum; purple contains the elements Chromite, Iron, and Cobalt. The price varied greatly due to the difference in quality. On the international market, the price of a full green bracelet could reach more than 10 million yuan. Even if the jade color was slightly lower, as long as it was genuine A goods, the water head was sufficient, the craftsmanship was exquisite, and the color was coordinated, the price was not cheap. In the market, raw jade could be divided into A-grade and other categories according to the level of authenticity. A-grade jade had a natural texture and color, so the identification could be done from many aspects. The novel "Ledge" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The appreciation of jade in the Shang Dynasty could be started from the following aspects: - ** In terms of types **: There were many types of jade articles in the Shang Dynasty. They could be divided into ritual articles (such as jade Zhang, jade Cong, jade Bi, etc.), round carved figures, round carved animals, containers, tools, weapons, daily necessities, accessories, miscellaneous articles, etc. Among them, ritual vessels and round carved figures were the most precious, followed by round carved animals and containers. - ** Craftsmanship value **: - ** Round sculptures of human and animals **: The craftsmanship is difficult and has realistic artistic characteristics. It can reflect the social appearance of the time and has high artistic, economic, and scientific value. - ** Ritual tools or weapons **: Exquisitely crafted and beautifully shaped, such as the jade Gui, jade Zhang, jade Ge and other newly emerged objects unearthed in the early period of the Shang Dynasty. The extremely thin body of the object was used for ceremonial purposes; the seven-hole jade knife and jade Zhang carved with Yin line patterns were large thin pieces. Although they were not practical, their manufacturing techniques were advanced. Their cutting and polishing techniques were more advanced than those of the primitive society, and new shapes and decorative techniques appeared. - ** In terms of dating **: 755 pieces of jade were unearthed from Fuhao's tomb, covering a variety of types. They can be used as the highest standard of jade during the Shang Dynasty and provide reference for the dating of ancient jade discovered later. For example, among the jade artifacts unearthed from the tombs of Marquis Zhao and Marquis Jin in Houma and Guo State in Sanmenxia, many jade artifacts from the Shang Dynasty were selected according to the standards of jade artifacts unearthed from Fuhao's tomb. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Yes. Forever time is an abstract concept that is difficult to define or measure in reality. Knowledge about it often involves a lot of speculation and imagination, so it can be considered fictional to some extent.

The development of jade ware in the Qing Dynasty was closely related to the political and economic situation at that time. After the Manchu Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, it was ruled by Emperor Shunzhi, Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng, and so on. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Wu Sangui pursued Emperor Yongli of Nanming into Jiaozhi and opened the route of Burmese jade into the Central Plains. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the Western Regions used troops to open up the transportation route of Hetian jade, and a large number of Hetian jade was transported into the mainland, which promoted the rapid development of jade craftsmanship and became the most prosperous era in the history of ancient jade in China and the third peak of jade culture. In terms of usage, there were many types of jade articles in the Qing Dynasty. There were jade carvings such as Yu the Great's flood control painting, Jade Mountain, etc., which were used for royal regulations, religious sacrifices, furnishings, such as jade seals, chimes, jade books, court beads, jade thrones, Ruyi Bi, Gui, etc. Among them, the Qing Emperor paid great attention to the jade craftsmanship when worshiping heaven, and made a double-wall-shaped ware with a living ring chain that imitated the Han and Ming styles. The jade Gui was exquisite and decorated with many patterns. There were also jade teapots, wine pots, teacups, etc. used in daily life, inkstones, pens, etc. in the study room, and accessories such as jade hairpins, jade hoops, jade rings, etc. However, some of the previous generations of jade products gradually disappeared in the Qing Dynasty. For example, the jade group that appeared from the Ming Dynasty to express "a gentleman is more virtuous than jade" disappeared in the Qing Dynasty. Because of the use of court beads to distinguish grades, the use of jade belts was interrupted in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of style and craftsmanship, the clean jade sheep head melon edge pot collected by the National Palace Museum in Taiwan reflected the craftsmanship level of that time. It was carved from white jade into a pumpkin shape. The pot body had twelve petals, and the lid and ring foot also had twelve petals. The petals were embossed layers of petals. The lid button was a pagoda shape formed by three layers of melon edges. It was a sheep head and was finely carved. The handle was made of jade. The overall shape and style were influenced by Hendustan jade. Other than that, there were also books on appreciation such as the Illustrated Manual of Qing Dynasty Jade Artifacts, which would help in the study and appreciation of Qing Dynasty jade artifacts. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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