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How to calculate the reaction between metal and acid?

How to calculate the reaction between metal and acid?

2026-09-07 03:01
1 answer

以下是解决金属与酸反应有关计算题的一般方法: **一、判断过量情况** 1. **根据题干信息判断** - 仔细查看题干中是否有“少量”“足量”“过量”等关键词来确定金属和酸谁过量。例如,如果提到“等量的金属分别和足量的酸反应”,就是酸过量;如果是“等量的酸分别和足量的金属反应”,则是酸不足(金属过量)。 2. **对反应结果的影响** - 反应中最终产生氢气的多少是由反应物中少量的那个量决定的。 **二、计算氢气产生量** 1. **根据化学方程式计算** - 初中化学中常考察的金属有镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铝(Al)。例如镁与稀硫酸反应的化学方程式为\(Mg + H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow\),根据化学方程式中金属与氢气的化学计量数之比以及金属的相对原子质量来计算氢气的产量。当金属的化合价相同时,对于相同质量的金属,金属的相对原子质量越大,生成的氢气越少;生成的氢气越多,金属的相对原子质量越小。 - 例如等质量的镁和锌与足量稀硫酸反应,根据化学方程式\(Mg + H_{2}SO_{4}=MgSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow\),\(Zn + H_{2}SO_{4}=ZnSO_{4}+H_{2}\uparrow\),24份质量的镁生成2份质量的氢气,65份质量的锌生成2份质量的氢气,所以等质量时镁产生氢气更多。 2. **利用极限法(针对混合物)** - 假设混合物中的金属全部是其中一种金属,分别计算出它们与酸反应产生氢气的量,再与实际产生氢气的量进行比较。例如有120克两种金属混合物与硫酸反应产生8克氢气,假设120克全是镁,根据化学方程式计算出产生氢气的质量为10克;假设120克全是铝,产生氢气质量约为13.33克;假设120克全是锌,产生氢气质量约为3.69克;假设120克全是铁,产生氢气质量约为4.29克。通过比较可知要从镁、铝中选择一种(因为它们单独反应产生氢气量大于8克),从锌、铁、铜(铜与酸不反应,产生氢气量为0)中选择另一种,从而确定可能的金属组合。 **三、分析反应速率(针对多种金属与酸反应)** 1. **依据金属活动性判断** - 在温度、金属颗粒大小和稀酸溶液溶质质量分数一定的条件下,金属的活动性越强,生成氢气就越快;生成氢气越快,说明金属的活动性就越强。例如镁、锌、铁、铝与酸反应时,镁的活动性最强,反应速率最快,在图像上表现为相同时间内产生氢气的量最多(纵坐标表示氢气量,横坐标表示时间时)。 **四、分析坐标图像(如果是图像类计算题)** 1. **明确横纵坐标含义** - 一般纵坐标是产生氢气的量;横坐标通常会是时间/s或者消耗酸的质量/g或消耗金属的质量/g。 2. **分析图像特殊点** - 关注起点:起点一般有三种情况,从原点开始;开始于y轴;开始于x轴。例如金属与酸反应的图像,如果横坐标是时间,纵坐标是氢气质量,当金属表面有氧化物薄膜时,可能起点不在原点(因为开始时是氧化物薄膜与酸反应,不产生氢气)。 - 关注终点:终点可分为接近某个值或等于某个值,这表示反应结束时氢气的产量。 - 关注变化趋势:可分为变大、变小、不变型。例如随着反应进行氢气质量不断增加,就是变大趋势;如果是反应中有催化剂参与影响反应速率,而不影响氢气最终产量,图像斜率会变化(反应速率变化)但氢气量最终不变。 - 当两条或两条以上的曲线在同一坐标系中表示时,要注意数值大小关系,揭示其变化趋势,然后对比分析,找出符合题意的曲线或结论或解题所需的信息。 点击前往免费阅读更多精彩小说

How Did I Become an F1 Driver?

How Did I Become an F1 Driver?

How did I become an F1 driver? Qin Miao discovered that he had the talent to become a top e-sports driver. Just during the college entrance examination period, he played with the simulator in his spare time and was surprised to find that he had the ability to compete with other professional e-sports drivers. You should know that he just played casually and had this ability. If he settled down to practice, Qin Miao would definitely have a bright future on the road of e-sports drivers. Qin Miao was ready to take the path of an e-sports driver if he failed the college entrance examination. But on a very ordinary day, Qin Miao gained a system. However, Qin Miao was still sensible. Even if he got the system, it was unlikely for him to become a formal F1 driver. Because when he got the system, he was already 19 years old and hadn't been exposed to anything related to racing before the age of 19. Two years later: Xiaozhou: There is no doubt that Qin Miao is a very talented driver, but I feel that racing is just a profession for him, his real hobby is live streaming and playing games. Lock: Qin? Just a second-generation Kimi. But then again, he plays CSGO really well, it was he who boosted my Earth. Old Man: Qin is a pure person, his life is only about racing... and video games. Dutch White-eyed Wolf: I have nothing to say about him. Bi Hai: If he spent half the time he uses to play games on the simulator, his achievements now would be far beyond this! Horner: I really appreciate Qin, he is a natural-born F1 driver and also a pure person, I very much hope he can join Red Bull and become one of us.
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Acid and Metal Reaction Color

Different metals may react with acid to produce different colors: - The reaction between the dilute sulfuric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid produced a large number of bubbles. The chemical equation was: Mn +2HQ = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2, Mn + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 + Mn - The reaction between the two metals was intense and produced a large number of bubbles. The chemical equation was as follows: Mn +2HQ = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2, Mn + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 + Mn Cl2 = Mn Cl - When iron reacted with diluted sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid, a small amount of bubbles appeared on the surface of the nail. At the same time, the solution turned light green because of the formation of iron sulfuric acid or iron chloride.The reaction equation was: FeCl2 <2>+ H <2>, FeCl2 <2>= FeCl2 <2>+ H <2>, FeCl2 <2>= FeCl2 <2>= FeCl2 <2>+ H <2>. - Copper does not react with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute sulfuric acid. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-01 10:46

The Image Problem of the Reaction of Metal and Acid

In the image problem of the reaction of metals with excessive acid, the following situations were mainly involved: ##1. The horizontal coordinate is reaction time. 1. ** Reaction Rate Relationship ** - When different metals react with excess acid, the reaction rate depends on the mobility of the metal. In the middle school chemistry exam, the metal activity was in the order of Mn> Mn. This meant that under the same conditions (such as the same concentration of acid, the same temperature, the size of the metal particles, etc.), the reaction rate from fast to slow was also: Mn> Mn. The image showed the degree of inclination of the diagonal line. The greater the inclination, the faster the reaction speed. 2. ** The final mass of hydrogen produced ** - When the same amount of different metals react with an excess of acid, the mass of hydrogen produced is related to the relative atomic mass of the metal (when the metal has the same valency). According to the chemical equation, the mass relationship of hydrogen produced by the reaction of a metal of the same mass with a sufficient amount of acid was as follows: The higher the platform, the greater the mass of hydrogen produced. ##2. The horizontal coordinate is the mass of the acid. 1. ** Reaction process analysis ** - In the process of increasing the mass of acid, the metal will react completely because there is a small amount of metal (acid excess). The quality of the corresponding acid after the reaction of different metals was different, and the quality of the hydrogen produced was also different. 2. ** Phased analysis of the quality of hydrogen produced ** - At different stages, depending on the activity and relative atomic mass of the metal, there would be different situations where the metal was in excess or completely reacted, which would affect the amount of hydrogen produced. For example, in a certain interval, there may be excessive or complete reaction of the iron, the aluminum, and the aluminum. At this time, the quality of the generated hydrogen would have a specific situation. As the acid quality increased, when entering the next interval, there may be insufficient amount of the iron, or the iron may be excessive or complete reaction. The aluminum and the aluminum may be excessive, and the quality of the hydrogen would change accordingly. ##3. Key Points 1. ** Judging excessive and small amount ** - First of all, he had to judge the excessive and small amount of metal and acid through the description in the question. For example, he could see the words "small amount","sufficient amount","excessive amount", etc. The final amount of hydrogen produced in the reaction was determined by the small amount of the reagent. 2. ** Explain the meaning of the horizontal and vertical coordinates ** - When analyzing the image, it was necessary to distinguish the specific meaning of the horizontal and vertical coordinates in the image. Generally, the vertical coordinate was the amount of hydrogen produced, and the horizontal coordinate might be the reaction time, the mass of acid consumed, or the mass of metal consumed. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-02 07:27

Image of the reaction of the same amount of metal and acid

1. ** Reaction of the same amount of metal with sufficient acid (horizontal coordinate is reaction time)** - Reaction rate relationship: When the same mass of Mn, and Mn react with a sufficient amount of the same acid of the same mass and concentration, the reaction rate relationship is: Mn> Mn. This was because under the conditions of a certain temperature, metal particle size, and solute mass fraction of the diluted acid solution, the stronger the mobility of the metal, the faster the reaction to produce hydrogen. - The mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced: The mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced is: 2. ** Reaction of the same amount of metal with sufficient acid (the horizontal coordinate is the mass of acid)** - When the same mass of Mn, and Mn reacted with a sufficient amount of sulfuric acid of the same mass and concentration, and the metals completely reacted, the mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced was: Mn> Mn. 3. ** Reaction of an equal amount of acid with a sufficient amount of metal (horizontal coordinate is reaction time)** - Reaction rate relationship: When the same acid with the same mass and concentration and sufficient amount of Mn, and Mn react sufficiently, the reaction rate relationship of hydrogen is: Mn> Mn. - The mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced: The mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced is: 4. ** Reaction of an equal amount of acid with a sufficient amount of metal (the horizontal coordinate is the mass of the metal)** - The mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced: When the same acid with the same mass and concentration and a sufficient amount of Mn, and Mn react sufficiently, the mass relationship of the final hydrogen produced is: Mn = Mn. When analyzing the image problem of the reaction between metal and acid, it was necessary to pay attention to the specific meaning of the ordinate and ordinate in the image. Generally, the ordinate was the amount of hydrogen produced, and the ordinate was usually time/s or the mass of acid consumed/g or the mass of metal consumed/g. At the same time, it was necessary to judge the amount of metal and acid. The amount of hydrogen produced in the reaction was determined by the amount of acid in the reaction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-01 00:39

Reaction Law of Nitric Acid with Metal and Nonmetal

1. ** Reaction law of nitrates and metals ** - ** Passivation phenomenon **: Metal such as iron, aluminum, and aluminum are easily dissolved in dilute sulfuric acid, but they are not dissolved in cold concentrated sulfuric acid. This is due to the occurrence of a passive phenomenon. - ** Reaction with non-active metals ** - When the metal activity order table showed that the metal reacted with the metal after hydrogen, it could be seen that the metal was first oxided by the acid, and then the metal reacted with the acid to form nitrates. The main reduction product of concentrated sulfuric acid was NO2, and the main reduction product of diluted sulfuric acid was NO. For example, the reaction of silver with concentrated sulfuric acid: <2Ag +2HNO3 (concentrated)= Ag2O +2NO2 + H2O>,<Ag2O +2HNO3 = 2AgNO3 + H2O>, the total reaction is <2Ag +2HNO3 (concentrated)= AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O>; The reaction of silver with diluted sulfuric acid: <3Ag +4HNO3 (diluted)= 3AgNO3 +NO +2H2O>. - ** Reaction with active metals **: When sulfuric acid acts with the metal before hydrogen in the metal activity order table, in addition to the corresponding nitrates, the sulfuric acid may be further reduced to substances such as <anno data-annotation-id ="00000000 - 4000 - 4000 - 4000 - 8000 - 9000000000"></anno>,</anno>, and </anno>. In general, active metals react with concentrated sulfuric acid to form <anno data-annotation-id ="00000000 - 4000 - 4000 - 8000 - 8000 - 90000000000"> NO2 </anno>, dilute sulfuric acid to form <anno data-annotation-id ="0000000 - 4000 - 4000 - 9000 - 900000000000"> NO </anno>, and extremely dilute sulfuric acid to form <anno data-annotation-id ="20000a000000 - 90000000000"></anno></anno></anno>. For example, the reaction of calcium with different concentration of sulfuric acid: - \(Mg + 4HNO_3(16mol/L)=Mg(NO_3)_2+2NO_2↑+2H_2O\) - \(3Mg + 8HNO_3(6mol/L)=3Mg(NO_3)_2+2NO↑+4H_2O\) - \(4Mg + 10HNO_3(2mol/L)=4Mg(NO_3)_2+N_2O↑+5H_2O\) - \(4Mg + 10HNO_3(1mol/L)=4Mg(NO_3)_2+NH_4NO_3+3H_2O\) - \(5Mg + 12HNO_3(0.5mol/L)=5Mg(NO_3)_2+N_2↑+6H_2O\)。Moreover, the thinner the sulfuric acid was, the lower the valency of the nitrogen in the reduction product. However, it could not be mistaken that the dilute sulfuric acid had a stronger oxidisation ability than the concentrated sulfuric acid. In fact, the more concentrated the sulfuric acid was, the stronger the oxidisation ability was. - ** Special Metal Reaction **: Metal such as tin, stibine, and tungsten do not have much effect on nitrates. They may form an oxide-like substance that is not dissolved in nitrates, but they cannot form nitrates. 2. ** Reaction law of sulfuric acid and non-metals **: When sulfuric acid and non-metals react, it only shows the oxidisation property. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-02 05:39

Reaction Formula of Metal Oxides and Dilute Sulfuric Acid

金属氧化物和稀硫酸反应会生成水和金属硫酸盐。例如: 1. 氧化镁与稀硫酸反应:\(MgO + H_{2}SO_{4} = MgSO_{4}+H_{2}O\)。 2. 氧化铁与稀硫酸反应:\(Fe_{2}O_{3}+3H_{2}SO_{4}=Fe_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}+3H_{2}O\)。 <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">点击前往免费阅读更多精彩小说</a>

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2026-07-01 23:33

Calculation of the reaction between high and medium metal mixture and acid

In high school chemistry, there were many ways to calculate the reaction between metal compounds and acid. I. Analysis from the Essence of Reaction 1. * * Redox reaction essence ** - When a metal reacted with an acid, one had to consider the reduction of the metal and the oxidisation of the ions in the acid. For example, the reaction between sulfuric acid and metal, the nitrogen in the sulfuric acid has strong oxidisation in the presence of hydrogen. For example, the reaction between copper and dilute sulfuric acid was 3Cu+8H^++2NO3 ^-= 3Cu^{2 +}+4H2O +2NO3 ^-. - When analyzing the reaction between a metal mixture and sulfuric acid, it was necessary to determine the order of the reaction (if there were multiple metals or multiple reactions), and determine the relationship between the amount of substances in the reaction of each substance according to the ion equation. 2. * * Ion reaction angle ** - If the metal ions in the metal mixture could have a specific reaction with the ions in the acid, it should also be analyzed from the nature of the ion reaction. For example, the essence of the reaction between Fe2 + and dilute sulfuric acid is 3Fe2 ++4H2O + NO3-= 3Fe2 ++2H2O + NO3. II. Analysis of the role of nitric-acid in the reaction 1. * * The difference between acidic and oxidisable ** - Part of the sulfuric acid that participated in the reaction was acidic and formed nitrates. The other part was used as an oxidiser and was generally converted to nitrogen dioxide (NO) or NO2). - During the calculation, the problem could be solved according to the conservation of nitrogen. For example, if a certain mass of <anno data-annotation-id ="00000000 - 4000 - 4000-a000 - 4000 - 50000000000">(<anno data-annotation-id ="0000008 - 4a88 - 4a80-a100-a100000000000"> Copper </anno></anno></anno> reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid, the amount of sulfuric acid (acidic part) consumed to form nitrates with </anno>(Copper </anno>) would be determined first, and then the amount of sulfuric acid used as an oxidiser would be determined according to the amount of generated gas (<anno data-annotation-id ="00000a88 - 4000 - 4000 - 400000000000"> NO </anno> or </anno>(NO2>). The sum of the two would be the total amount of 3. Calculating by Extreme Value Method and Average Value Method 1. * * Extreme Value Method ** - Assuming that all the metals in the mixture were one type of metal, the relevant amount of the reaction (such as the amount of gas produced, etc.) in this case was calculated. Then, assuming that all the metals in the mixture were another type of metal, the corresponding amount was calculated. - For example, for the reaction of two metal compounds with acid to produce hydrogen, the extreme values of the amount of hydrogen produced by the reaction of the two metals with acid were calculated separately. The actual amount of hydrogen produced by the reaction of the mixture was between these two extreme values. 2. * * Average Value Method ** - When a certain amount of the reaction of the mixture is known (such as the amount of hydrogen produced, etc.), the composition range of the mixture can be determined according to the relationship between the amount of the reaction of the pure substance and the reaction amount of the mixture. For example, the amount of hydrogen produced by the reaction of two metal compounds with acid was known. According to the amount of hydrogen produced by the reaction of two pure metals with acid, the value range of the two metals was determined or the possibility of a certain metal combination was judged. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-05 14:13

Reaction of Acid and Acid

The reaction between the two substances would produce a mixture of carbon dioxide and water. This reaction helped maintain the stability of the blood's pH. It had little effect on the blood's pH. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-02 18:57

Reaction of Acid and Acid

The reaction of the acid with the tungsten acid can produce tungsten acid. For example, in the production of tungsten triad, tungsten concentrate was neutralized with sulfuric acid after being subjected to alkali-decomposition by soda ash, and then reacted with sulfuric acid to form tungsten acid. Then, sulfuric acid was added to carry out the acid decomposition reaction to form tungsten acid, which was then roasted, decomposed, and crushed to obtain tungsten triad. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-09-02 15:12

Reaction Formula and Condition of the Reaction of the Acid and the Acid

Under normal circumstances, the reaction between the two could not be carried out directly. Because the lone pair of electrons of the oxygen of the alcoholic group was coupled with the aromatic ring, the reaction activity was very weak, and it could not be used to catalyze the ester reaction with the acid. To synthesize the ester, the reaction of an acid acid or an acid ether with the ether was usually done. For example, the reaction between the ether and the ether was: C6H50H +(CH3CO) 2O = CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COON. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-07-05 11:51

What is the change in the image of the reaction between metal and acid, base and salt

1. ** Reaction of metal and acid (horizontal coordinate is reaction time, vertical coordinate is hydrogen mass)** - In terms of reaction speed, the greater the slope, the faster the reaction speed. The order of metal activity can be determined according to the inclination of the curve. The greater the inclination, the stronger the metal activity. - In terms of hydrogen production: - When the metal is in excess and the acid (of the same concentration) is insufficient, the quality of the hydrogen produced is determined by the quality of the acid. At this time, the quality of the hydrogen produced by different metals is equal. - When the acid (with the same concentration) is sufficient, the quality of the generated hydrogen is determined by the quality of the metal, and the relationship is as follows: 2. ** Reaction between metal and acid (x-axis is the mass of acid, y-axis is the mass of hydrogen)** - The situation was different in different areas: - When 0 < m <a (excessive or just complete reaction, iron, magnetism, and aluminum are all excessive), the quality of the generated hydrogen has a specific situation (it needs to be judged according to the specific reaction data, such as the chemical relationship between the metal and the acid reaction). - When a < m <b (insufficient amount of iron, excessive amount of iron or just complete reaction, excessive amount of aluminum and aluminum), the quality of the generated hydrogen gas also has a corresponding situation (also needs to be judged according to the specific conditions of the reaction). - When b < m <c (there is insufficient iron and iron, excessive or just complete reaction of aluminum), the quality of hydrogen produced also has a corresponding situation. 3. ** Reaction between metal and acid (x-axis is the mass of metal, y-axis is the mass of hydrogen)** - At the beginning of the reaction, the metal was insufficient and the acid was excessive. The quality of the hydrogen produced was determined by the metal. - As the metal continued to increase, the amount of metal would not be enough, and the quality of the hydrogen produced would be determined by the acid. 4. ** Reaction between metal and salt solution (Take the reaction between a piece of metal and a solution of copper sulfuric acid as an example, from the perspective of solid and solution quality)** - Solid mass change: During the reaction, the solid mass changes from 65 (relative atomic mass of copper) to 64 (relative atomic mass of copper). The solid mass decreases. After the reaction, the solid mass remains unchanged. - Change of solution mass: The solute mass changes from 160 (relative molecular mass of copper sulfuric acid) to 161 (relative molecular mass of sulfuric acid). The mass of the solution increases while the mass of the solution remains unchanged. After the reaction, the mass of the solution remains unchanged. 5. ** Reaction between metal and salt solution (Take the reaction between copper sheet and silver nitrates solution as an example, from the perspective of solid and solution quality)** - Solid mass change: The mass of the solid changes from 64 to 216 (the relative atomic mass of silver). The mass of the solid increases. After the reaction, the mass of the solid remains unchanged. - Change of solution mass: The solute mass changed from 340 (relative molecular mass of silver nitrates) to 188 (relative molecular mass of copper nitrates). The mass of the solution decreased while the mass of the solution remained unchanged. After the reaction, the mass of the solution remained unchanged. In short, the image change of the reaction between metal and acid, base, and salt involved many factors such as the reaction rate and the quality of the resulting substance. It was closely related to the activity of the metal and the amount of the reagent (the amount of metal and acid or salt solution). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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2026-08-19 11:26
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