Cultural Relic Law, article 15
The people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and directly under the Central Government, as well as the people's governments of the cities and counties, shall respectively define the necessary scope of protection for the cultural relics protection sites at all levels, make signs and explanations, establish records and archives, and set up specialized agencies or special personnel to be responsible for the management of the sites according to the circumstances. The scope of protection and the records of the major historical and cultural sites to be protected at the national level shall be reported to the department of cultural relics administration under the State Council for the record by the departments of cultural relics administration of the people's governments of the provinces, autonomous regions, and directly under the Central Government. The administrative department of cultural relics of the local people's government at or above the county level shall, according to the needs of the protection of different cultural relics, formulate specific protection measures for cultural relics protection sites and immovable cultural relics that have not been approved as cultural relics protection sites, and announce them for implementation. Read more exciting novels for free
Cultural Relic Auction Law 2017
The relevant provisions of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which was revised in 2017, are as follows: An auction enterprise established according to law that is engaged in the auction of cultural relics shall obtain a cultural relics auction permit issued by the cultural relics administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or directly under the Central Government. Auction enterprises engaged in the auction of cultural relics shall not engage in the purchase and sale of cultural relics, nor shall they set up cultural relics stores. The Regulations on the Enforcement of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics (revised in October 2017) stipulated that an auction enterprise established according to law and engaged in cultural relics auction business activities should have more than five cultural relics auction professionals who have obtained senior professional technical positions in cultural relics and museum, and have obtained the cultural relics auction license issued by the cultural relics administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or directly under the central government. When an auction enterprise applies for a cultural relic auction license, it shall submit an application to the administrative department of cultural relics of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or directly under the Central Government. The administrative department of cultural relics of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or directly under the Central Government shall make a decision on approval or disapproval within 30 working days from the date of receiving the application. If the decision is approved, the permit for the auction of cultural relics shall be issued; if the decision is not approved, the party concerned shall be notified in writing and the reasons shall be explained. At the same time, the cultural relics auction target shall be reviewed by the cultural relics administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or directly under the central government. The auction company shall submit an application for review of the auction target of cultural relics 20 working days before the announcement of the auction of cultural relics. The provincial cultural relics administrative department will not accept the review application of the cultural relics auction target that has been publicized, printed, displayed, and auctioned. When an auction enterprise applies for the review of cultural relics auction targets, it shall submit a series of materials, including the "Auction Business Examination Certificate","Enterprise legal person business license", a copy of the "Cultural Relics Auction Certificate", and the "Cultural Relics Auction Target Review Request Form", which are within the validity period and consistent with the permitted business scope. There were also some items that could not be auctioned off, such as unearthed (water) cultural relics and other eight categories of cultural relics that should be handed over to the country according to the law. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
New Cultural Relic Collection Law
As of October 27, 2024, there was no information on the new law called the "New Cultural Relics Collection Law" that had been enacted. However, there was the revised draft of the Cultural Relics Protection Law, which stipulated in article 60 that: "No unit or individual may buy or sell the following cultural relics: (1) state-owned cultural relics, except those permitted by the state;(2) cultural relics collected by cultural relics collection units; and (3) stolen, excavated or smuggled cultural relics." This was an revision to the relevant provisions of the current Cultural Relics Protection Law. For example, the original prohibition of individuals from buying and selling "precious cultural relics in non-state collections" was revised to prohibit the buying and selling of cultural relics collected by cultural relics collection units, so as to avoid differences in understanding. The prohibition of buying and selling "cultural relics that do not conform to the provisions of article 50 of this law" was revised to prohibit the buying and selling of "stolen, stolen, or smuggled cultural relics", which did not give the law enforcers of cultural relics the freedom to judge. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic
Sand casting was an ancient craft that was of great significance in the production and identification of cultural relics. For example, 11 gilded Buddhas from the early Tang Dynasty unearthed in Duchang County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, were made using the sand-turning process at the end of the Sui Dynasty. There was also the Yuan Dynasty's "Seal of Ten Thousand Families of the Han Army" in the collection of the Zhaodong City Museum, which was also made by sand casting, but this seal was more crude. In the field of China antique art, the art of turning sand was also used to counterfeit. For example, when ancient coins were forged, profiteers might use the method of turning sand to cast money, which involved turning the mold, trimming the edge, repairing the hole, rusting, silencing the sound, making old coins, and other methods to make counterfeit coins. This required collectors to improve their eyesight to distinguish. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
An article on the construction in the area controlled by the cultural relic protection unit
There were many regulations and requirements for construction in the construction control area of the cultural relic protection unit. First of all, the project must not destroy the historical features of the cultural relic protection unit. The project design plan shall be submitted to the urban and rural construction planning department for approval after being approved by the corresponding cultural relics administrative department according to the level of the cultural relics protection unit. The construction management of the construction control zone of cultural relics protection units in different regions was different. Taking Beijing City as an example, the surrounding construction control zones were divided into five categories: - The first type of zone is a non-construction zone. Only greenery and fire exits are allowed to be built. No buildings or above-ground auxiliary buildings are allowed to be built. The existing buildings should be demolished. If it is difficult to demolish at the moment, a demolition plan and time limit should be formulated. - Class II zone is reserved for bungalows. The existing bungalows should be strengthened and maintained, and no arbitrary reconstruction or addition is allowed. If the buildings that do not meet the requirements or are dangerous are reconstructed in the form of traditional courtyard houses, the height of the approved buildings shall not exceed 3.3 meters, and the building density shall not exceed 40%. - The third type of zone is the zone where the building height is allowed to be less than 9 meters. The building form, volume and color tone must be coordinated with the cultural relic protection unit. When building buildings, the building density must not exceed 35%. - The fourth type of zone is the zone where the building height is allowed to be less than 18 meters. The buildings on the side of the cultural relic protection unit, the roads leading to the cultural relic protection unit, and the buildings on both sides of the intervisibility corridor should be coordinated with the cultural relic protection unit in terms of form, size, and color. - The five types of zones were specially controlled zones, which were specifically managed for cultural relics protection units with special value and special requirements. In addition, if other construction projects, blasting, drilling, excavation, etc. are carried out within the protection area of the cultural relic protection site, the safety of the cultural relic protection site must be guaranteed and approved by the people's government that has verified and announced the cultural relic protection site. Before approval, the approval of the cultural relic administrative department of the people's government at the next higher level must be obtained. If such operations are carried out within the protection area of a major cultural relic protection site, approval must be obtained from the people's government of the province, autonomous region, or directly under the Central Government. Before approval, the consent of the cultural relic administration department under the State Council must be obtained. If a construction project is carried out without approval or in violation of the requirements of the regulations within the protected area and the construction control area, the cultural relics administrative department or the planning administrative department shall order the construction to stop, and the planning administrative department shall deal with it as an illegal construction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relic Case
In December 2002, Bai Jingfu, the then vice minister of the Ministry of Public Security, wrote a letter requesting that the Song brothers 'cultural relics case in Luoyang be wiped out (the 1210 cultural relics case). The informant said that he was famous in the cultural relics circle and often identified cultural relics for others. He was a friend of Guangzhou exhibition. Zhan had been engaged in illegal cultural relics business for a long time. He was the "eye" of the exhibition who handled cultural relics. In the spring of 2001, Zhan bought a batch of cultural relics from Luoyang for him to appraise, including many cultural relics of the Tang Dynasty. Zhan sold them to Macau for 12 million yuan. In November 2002, Zhan took him to a private residence near the old city of Luoyang. There were more than 200 cultural relics of the Han and Tang Dynasties. There was a 1.2-meter-tall three-colored horse that could be called a national treasure. He discovered that the number and quality of the cultural relics collected by the Song brothers far exceeded that of the museum. When he returned, he felt uneasy and reported it. The report letter mentioned that the cultural relics were stored by the Song brothers in Luoyang and attached the phone numbers of Zhan and the Song brothers. The "1210" special task force was established in Luoyang, Henan Province. The reported "Boss Song" Song Yanbin and "Third Song" Song Yanqing were listed as the top suspects. Song Yanhai ("Second Song"), who had been working in the public security system for many years at that time, was related to his brother. The day after Song Yanhai fell, the Luoyang City Public Security Bureau issued a notice to collect clues about the crimes of Song Yanbin, Song Yanhai, Song Yanqing, Song Yanhong, and others. The criminal gang was led by Song Yanbin, Song Yanhai, Song Yanqing, and Song Yanhong. Wang Wenhai and Qu Jinhua were the protective umbrellas. Led by the Henan Province Public Security Bureau, they mobilized the elite forces of many cities to form a "9.16" special task force to investigate it. Previously, when Song Yanhai was suspected, he had claimed that he did not know about his brother's crimes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relic Information
There were a series of standards and tasks for the work of cultural relics statistics. Its purpose was to regulate the work of cultural relics statistics and strengthen management, ensure the authenticity, accuracy, completeness and timely of the statistics, and prevent and punish the fraud of statistics. The basic task of statistics was to conduct a survey and analysis of cultural relics activities, provide statistics and advice, and carry out statistics supervision. The survey targets include cultural relics administrative departments at all levels, various enterprises and institutions engaged in cultural relics activities, and individual industrial and commercial households. The State Administration of Cultural Relics is the department in charge of the national cultural relics statistics. It manages the national cultural relics statistics under the professional guidance of the State Bureau of statistics. The local cultural relics administrative departments at all levels are responsible for the work within their respective regions under the professional guidance of the higher-level cultural relics departments and the government statistics agencies at the same level. The administrative departments of cultural relics at all levels need to strengthen the leadership of cultural relics statistics, improve institutions, enrich personnel, strengthen training and professional ethics education, include the funds for statistics in the annual budget to ensure that the allocation is in place, attach importance to the construction of statistics information and strengthen the scientific research of statistics to improve the indicator system and improve the investigation methods. In terms of specific cultural relics statistics, for example, the 2013 China Cultural Relics Annual Report collected the statistics of various aspects of cultural development in 2012 and other important historical years, including comprehensive, library, mass culture, art, cultural market, cultural property, education, science and technology, animation and other aspects. In addition, the cultural relics survey in Xiangzhou County also had corresponding statistics. According to the statistics of the third national cultural relics survey, 112 immovable cultural relics and historical sites in the wild were found in Xiangzhou County. As of the fourth survey, 42 cultural relics and historical sites had been reviewed and investigated on the spot. 37.5% of the tasks were completed, and 5 new cultural relics clues were found. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
tangible cultural relic
There were many forms of tangible cultural relics, and there were many types of them. For example, the bronze tray and high-foot jade cup unearthed from the tomb of King Nanyue in Xianggang, Guangzhou, was ingeniously composed of various materials; the acupuncture bronze statue and the Ming Dynasty copper alchemy furnace in the collection of Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine; the only stone rubbing of the King of Song Dynasty's "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classic of Bronze Man's Acupoints" in the collection of Guangdong Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine; and the Compendium of Materia Medica, the 31st year of Wanli (1603), the engraved edition of Zhang Dingsi, the provincial judge of Jiangxi Province, and other cultural relics related to traditional Chinese medicine. Buildings like the ancient bridge were also tangible cultural relics. For example, the ancient bridges in the Bashu area were mostly products of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They were both tangible cultural relics and solidified history. There were many stories behind them that carried the wisdom of the ancients. In addition, there were cultural relics such as the celadon square box of Yue kiln in the Zhu Ran Tomb Museum in Ma 'an, Anhui Province. They existed in the form of physical objects and witnessed the development of history. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Turtleback cultural relic
There were many kinds of turtleback cultural relics, such as the Tang green glazed turtleback chip tube, which was a pottery cultural relic of the Tang Dynasty in China. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many pottery sculptures with horses, camels, cattle and other giant animals as specimens, but it used turtles, which symbolized longevity, as the object. The image was vivid, reflecting the high achievements of the sculpture art of the Tang Dynasty. There was also the turtle-back-shaped, grid-shaped bronze ware excavated from Pit 7 in the sacrificial area of the Sanxing Dui Ruins. It had a unique shape. It looked like a huge turtle, and the back of the turtle was hollow. There were exquisitely designed opening and closing mechanisms on the side. There were four bronze dragon handles (two of which were damaged) and two or three bronze ribbons. After opening, there was a collection of green jade inside. There was silk extract on the surface, indicating that it had been wrapped in silk. Moreover, this bronze ware used welding technology, which was a very amazing technological achievement more than 3,000 years ago. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
cultural relic microliths
The microliths were the products of the transition from the late Paleoliths to the early Neoliths. There are many discoveries of microliths in our country. For example, the Black Dragon Pool microliths in Tancheng County, Shandong Province, is located 20 kilometers southeast of the county seat, 1000 meters east of Dashangzhuang Village in Honghua Township, on the west slope of Maling Mountain, and east of the Black Dragon Pool Reservoir. The stone artifacts are mainly distributed in the south of the Black Dragon Pool Reservoir, north of Dajian Gully, and Baijiwo. They were excavated in October 1984. The cultural layer of the site can be divided into three layers. The unearthed relics include sculptors, pointed tools, chopping tools, scrapers, etc. It is accompanied by fur, rhinoceros, elephant, cattle and other fossils. The raw materials for processing stone products are mainly quarts, agates, flint, chalcedony, crystals, slate, etc. It is about 14000 - 11000 years old in the Middle Stone Age. It has high historical and scientific value. In April 1990, it was announced as a county-level key cultural relic protection unit. Later, in June 1992, it was announced as a provincial-level key cultural relic protection unit. In 2000, It was recommended as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The Zhongzipu kiln site in Sichuan was also a microstone site. Since it was discovered in 1990, it had been excavated twice and more than 10,000 microstone relics were unearthed. According to carbon-14 determination, the kiln site was about 7000 years ago. It was one of the earliest Neoliths ruins in Sichuan Basin. It was also a microstone site with outstanding cultural characteristics and the most abundant relics found in Sichuan. It was synchronized with the Yangshao culture, Longshan culture and Dawenkou culture. It provided important information for the study of the microstone culture in southern China. The Zhongzipu Microliths Museum opened on October 20,2024. It was the first museum dedicated to microliths culture in the country. The exhibition hall covered an area of 3000 square meters. From the perspectives of archaeological excavation, ecological environment, production and life, and physical display, it narrated the excavation of the Zhongzipu site, the introduction, development, and protection of microliths. More than 1000 pieces of cultural relics such as fine stone cores, fine stone leaves, scrapers, and polished stone tools were exhibited, all of which had a high history. scientific, cultural, and artistic value. There was also the microstone from Lop Nur in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It was a Neolithical microstone relic located in the vast desert area of the region. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Banwa cultural relic
Slab tiles were a type of construction material that had been found in ruins from different historical periods. In the Dongzhan site in the south of Shandong Province (discovered in 1985), slabs of the Han Dynasty were collected. The site covered an area of about 200 square meters. Rubble, ceramic fragments, etc. were also found scattered around. At the same time, pottery and porcelain pieces such as Han Dynasty tile barrels, crude stone sinkers, ring-ear jar pieces, etc. were found. There were also archeological discoveries about slabs in Henan. For example, in 2000, the family courtyard of Henan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in 1997, the Zhengzhou nail factory, and in 1986, the "tile" materials that were thought to be from the Shang Dynasty were unearthed at the Zhengzhou workstation of the Henan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology. The excavated people believed that the shape of the tile was similar to that of the tile after the Western Zhou Dynasty and was unearthed near the base of the palace area. However, there was a dispute in the academic community whether these "ceramic blocks shaped like tiles" were real tiles. In addition, there were three "plate tile fragments" unearthed from the middle and late stratum of the core building area of the Taosi ruins in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province. There was also controversy about whether they were plate tiles. Chengzhou (Luoyi), which was built in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, had a large rammed earth platform foundation in the south of the city. A large number of plate tiles, tube tiles, and pottery pipes were unearthed. This should be where the palace of the King of Zhou and the ancestral temple of the Zhou royal family were located. In the Han Dynasty, there were cord-patterned tiles. For example, there were cord-patterned tiles in the accumulation layer of building materials of the Han Dynasty found on the cliff wall of the forbidden ditch 20 meters northwest of the Beiqi Beacon Tower site. Cord-patterned tiles were unique cultural relics of the Han Dynasty. When the craftsmen of the Han Dynasty made tiles, they placed straw ropes or hemp ropes on the surface to facilitate dragging the blank. They could also be used for drawing to increase the ornamental value. They were widely used, but they were eliminated after the Tang Dynasty because they were not beautiful and easy to grow grass. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>