20,000 yuan for fake cultural relics
There were cases of using 20,000 yuan to fake cultural relics in China, such as the case of "Golden Jade Clothes". The forger spent 20,000 yuan to buy a pile of jade pieces from the cultural relic dealer, then asked the cultural relic restorer to make the jade pieces into a "golden thread jade dress" with gold thread, and then spent money to hire an appraisal expert to appraise it. This artificial "golden thread jade dress" was valued at 2.4 billion yuan, and an appraisal certificate was issued. The forger used this to swindle more than 600 million yuan from the bank. This case reflected the rampant forgery of cultural relics and the possible loopholes in the identification process. Read more exciting novels for free
Fake cultural relics
There were many ways to fake cultural relics. Some faked items that looked authentic but were actually made in modern times. For example, many of the so-called "cultural relics" sold in online live broadcasts were made of plastic but disguised as cultural relics. A woman in Henan was cheated of more than 400,000 yuan to buy hundreds of such fake cultural relics. There were also more elaborate scams, such as directly building a fake tomb, hiring people to "excavate" on the spot to create the illusion that the cultural relics had just been unearthed to deceive buyers, and using people's superstitions about "ancient tomb cultural relics" to deceive people. In terms of fake content, some cultural relics would have a situation where the year did not match the inscription, such as the inscription of "Ming Dynasty Kangxi Year System", which was obviously logically wrong, but there were also some special cases where the inscription of cultural relics was authentic. There was also the phenomenon of forgery in porcelain, such as modern porcelain disguised as ancient porcelain for sale. In short, there were many ways to fake cultural relics, and most of them were for the purpose of making huge profits. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Yuan cultural relics
There were many cultural relics in the Yuan Dynasty, and the following were some typical examples: - ** Porcelain **: - ** Yuan Dynasty Jun kiln "Jiyou" azure glazed tripod incense burner (Jun kiln "Xiao Song self-made" incense burner)**: Discovered in 1970 at the Fengzhou City Ruins of Baita Village, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia. It was 42.7 cm tall and 25.5 cm in diameter. It had a straight mouth with two straight ears on both sides. There were three qilins on its neck. Inscriptions were engraved on the front of the qilin. The shape was exquisite and simple. The color of the glaze was sky blue. The glaze was thick. The color of the glaze was uneven, like a landscape painting. The basic glaze color was blue opal glaze. It was a typical representative of the Jun kiln porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. It was a national first-class cultural relic and a treasure of the Inner Mongolia Museum. - ** Double Dragon Ears Blue Glazed Vase **: Unearthed from the Yuan Dynasty porcelain cellar in Xingang Town, Fanchang County, Anhui Province in 1999. The shape of the instrument is like a hanging gallbladder, with a straight mouth slightly open, a slender neck, a drooping abdomen in the shape of a water drop gallbladder, a circle of feet and an outward tilt, and two dragons pasted on the neck as ears. - ** Yuan egg white porcelain cup **: Unearthed in 1999 from the Yuan Dynasty porcelain cellar in Xingang Town. Open, the mouth is shaped like a leaf, one end is hard, the other end is round, the three feet are triangular and open outwards, the bottom of the cup and the crotch of the foot are not glazed, it is the porcelain of the pivot house, its glaze color is white and slightly green, showing a loss of transparent shape. - ** Yuan blue and white porcelain peacock pattern lid jar **: straight mouth, short neck, smooth shoulders, bulging belly, flat bottom, left and right symmetrical animal face ring ears at the intersection of shoulders and belly. The entire body was painted with blue and white flowers. The patterns were rich and distinct. The body was hard and dense. The blue and white flowers had pure hair color. When they were unearthed, they were a pair. The theme patterns on the abdomen were cloud dragon patterns and phoenix through peony. - ** Yuan celadon octagonal ear-piercing vase **: Unearthed in 1999 from the Yuan Dynasty porcelain cellar in Xingang Town, Fanchang County, Anhui Province. The shape of the bottle was plump and solemn. Both sides were attached to the ears. The mouth and bottom were octagonal. The whole body was glazed. The glaze was pink and green, covered with ice cracks. The thin glaze along the mouth was purple, and the exposed foot was black. - ** Sculpture **: - Qingxu Temple, the Two Generals of Green Dragon and White Tiger of the Yuan Dynasty, was located at the mountain gate of Qingxu Temple in Pingyao, Shanxi Province. It was built in the Tang Dynasty. The existing building was built in the second year of Xianzong of Yuan Dynasty (1252). The two generals of Green Dragon and White Tiger guarded the mountain gate. They were tall, armed, and looked dignified. - [Stone Sculpture: Stone sculptures with patterns of two phoenixes and qilin. Beautiful and elegant in layout, skilled and natural in technique. It might be the stone of Dan in the imperial palace or imperial garden of the Yuan Dynasty.] - ** Time-measuring instruments **: The copper kettle drip is the earliest and most complete set of instruments in China that uses the constant flow of water to calculate time. - ** Other aspects **: - ** Arabic Numeric Iron Square Plate **: The Arabic numbers on the plate form a six-order magic square with a special number addition law. The middle part is a fourth-order magic cube. It was used to ward off evil spirits. - ** Rotten Banknote Seal **: Copper, printed with the words "Rotten Banknote Seal". The back is engraved with relevant information. It is used to mark the banknotes that are not circulated. The banknotes that are printed by the bell are invalid and sent to the provincial department for destruction. - ** To Yuan Tongbao banknote two-string copper banknote version, to Yuan Tongbao banknote two-hundred wen copper banknote version, Zhongtong Yuanbao banknote one-string provincial banknote ** and other Yuan banknote versions. In addition, there were also cultural relics of the Yuan Dynasty that had been lost overseas, such as the murals of the Yuan Dynasty Buddha from Guangsheng Temple in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, as well as some related cultural relics of the Yuan Dynasty that were exhibited in overseas museum. In 2010, a construction site in Shandong excavated a Yuan Dynasty blue-and-white dragon-patterned plum vase and a Song Dynasty Jun kiln blue-and-white cup. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake Qidan cultural relics
There was a phenomenon of forgery in the field of Khitan cultural relics. For example, Yanshi, Mengjin, and Yichuan in Henan Province were the "important towns" where epitaphs were forged, which might involve the falsified epitaphs related to Khitan. The Beijing market also had a flood of counterfeit cultural relics of the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Western Xia dynasties, such as the so-called "suspected Basiba character board". The characters on the board were specious, and many cards were identical. The rust was suspected to be chemical rust, which should be fakes made in a certain area of Henan in recent years. There was also the so-called "Khitan silver gilded Buddha Sutra", which was judged to be fake from its characters and production. In addition, some collectors encountered items suspected to be Khitan cultural relics in the antique market. For example, although the gold medal bought by Old Wu had Khitan characters, it was initially identified as a fake because of the Chinese words "Great Liao Kingdom"(although Old Wu still bought it because it was not expensive). The wolf head talisman received by Mr. Wang of Shen Yang was also suspected to be a fake Khitan cultural relic. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake foreign cultural relics
There was a phenomenon of cultural relics being forged abroad. For example, in France, there was a major case of fraud that shocked the antique industry. Six accused, including art appreciation expert Bill Palo, and a famous antique gallery in Paris were suspected of colluding with each other to make fake antiques. In 2007 - 2008, they forged a batch of antique chairs, disguised as antique chairs that had been used in the living room of Madame Dubari, the mistress of King Louis Fifteen of France, and in the boudoir of the "beheaded queen," Marie-Antoinette. They sold them to well-known customers and made a profit of more than hundreds of thousands of euros. Even the Palace of Versailles was deceived into collecting these fake antiques. In the United Kingdom, the famous archaeologist Merat claimed to have found murals and inscriptions when he discovered the Catay Mound in 1962. However, in 2018, the Swiss archaeologist Zange discovered that these were fakes and suspected that he might have forged other things in the site. Merat was also accused of studying archaeological knowledge before forging evidence to support his own argument. In the late 19th century, more than 8000 animal bone artifacts excavated by the leader of the archaeological community, Gottfried Osovsky, claimed to be authentic and reliable, but were actually forged by "excavation workers." It took half a century from 1885, when the special investigation committee of the polish government determined that the animal bones were not modern imitations, to 1929, when the truth was revealed. In addition, in the United Kingdom's Pilgrim fraud case, the ancient human skull fragment found in 1911 was verified to be 500,000 years old. More than 40 years later, it was proved to be man-made. There was also the papyrus forgery case. About 200 papyrus fragments that reappeared during World War II, although the paper and ink seemed to be consistent with the situation at that time, the source was unknown and suspected of being forged. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake cultural relics wholesale
There were cases that showed the wholesale of fake cultural relics. For example, in the online cultural relics fraud case cracked by Changyuan City Public Security Bureau, the fake cultural relics used by the fraud group were purchased from the local wholesale market; there were also police officers who found suspects who sold old craft imitations from a market in Jia County, Henan Province at a price of about 90 yuan per set for fraud. In addition, there were also cases of selling related products such as imitation antiques and ancient coins on the Internet. For example, Nanyang City sold imitation Qing Dynasty ancient copper coins, imitation Guangxu Yuan ingots, etc. These all showed the existence of the wholesale phenomenon of fake cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is fake cultural relics illegal?
Making and selling fake cultural relics may violate the law. From the point of view of making fake cultural relics, forging cultural relics may be regarded as a serious crime because it damages the authenticity and cultural value of cultural relics and may involve the crime of forging cultural relics. In the transaction link, the use of fake cultural relics for fraud, such as the auction agency falsely marking the price of "antiques", luring collectors to its affiliated "appraisal agency" for appraisal, and cheating the victim's property through high appraisal fees, constitute criminal fraud and shall bear criminal responsibility; If the counterfeit cultural relics are used for fraud, and the value of the public and private property involved in the fraud is more than 3,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan, the criminal case filing procedure will be initiated and the criminal responsibility will be investigated. If they sold fake cultural relics, they would usually be classified as a number of crimes, such as fraud, unjust gain, etc., and would also be subject to corresponding criminal penalties. At the same time, there were also corresponding laws and regulations on the smuggling of fake cultural relics prohibited by the state. If the circumstances were particularly serious, they could be sentenced to more than ten years in prison or life imprisonment, and also confiscated property. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Swindled by buying fake cultural relics
In the literary and entertainment market, there were cases of buying fake cultural relics and being cheated. For example, an 80-year-old Auntie Li, who was born into a collection family, regained her hobby of collecting in order to relieve the loneliness of living alone. In 2012, she met Wang Moujie, a literary businessman, and gradually built trust. From September 2020 to June 2021, Auntie Li spent more than 9 million yuan to buy more than 1000 "cultural relics" from Wang Mojie. After his daughter returned to China, she found some suspicious points and sent some of them to be identified as fakes and reported them to the police. The police took three years to identify these "cultural relics" in batches and found that they were all fakes. Wang Mojie initially argued that he was negligent and refused to refund. In front of the evidence, he was found to have deliberately made and sold counterfeit goods. Here, antique collectors were reminded to raise their awareness of prevention. They should communicate, appreciate, and trade through official channels. When it came to money transactions, they should choose a formal platform and rationally recognize the value of the collection to prevent being cheated. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Selling cultural relics for 300,000 yuan
If the purpose of selling cultural relics prohibited by the state was for profit and the circumstances were serious, such acts of selling cultural relics could constitute the crime of reselling cultural relics. According to article 326 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China, the crime of reselling cultural relics refers to the act of reselling cultural relics prohibited by the state for profit. The circumstances are serious. The so-called reselling here included illegal acquisition, trafficking, selling, and reselling. If the value of the cultural relics sold was 300,000 yuan, when determining whether it constituted a crime, it was necessary to consider whether the cultural relics belonged to the category of cultural relics prohibited by the state, and whether the entire reselling behavior had reached a serious level. If the crime is constituted, the offender shall generally be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention and fined; if the circumstances are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years and fined. If a unit commits this crime, the unit shall be fined, and the person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished in accordance with the above-mentioned provisions. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
300 yuan to buy cultural relics
When purchasing cultural relics, there were many laws and regulations that needed to be followed. First of all, the transaction of cultural relics must be carried out within a legal and compliant framework. The evaluation of the value of cultural relics needed to be treated with caution. Different cultural relics had different market values and historical and cultural values. 300 yuan might be far lower than the actual value of some cultural relics, which might involve unreasonable transactions or even illegal transactions. If it involved the acquisition of cultural relics with important value, the acquirer needed to ensure that it had legal qualifications, such as legal personality, relevant business scope, compliance with registered capital requirements, no bad records, etc. At the same time, we should also pay attention to whether the source of cultural relics is legal and compliant, and avoid illegal activities such as illegal cultural relics management or acquisition of illegally unearthed cultural relics. In short, the acquisition of cultural relics for 300 yuan needed to be carried out carefully on the basis of strict compliance with laws and regulations and accurate evaluation of the value of cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The cultural relics that I bought are all fake
It was a common risk situation to buy fake cultural relics in the trade of cultural relics. Due to the mixed nature of the cultural relics industry, the relevant laws and regulations were not perfect, and the means of forgery were endless. Coupled with the fact that fake experts were fishing in troubled waters, many buyers who had no experience in cultural relics identification were easily trampled on. If you find that the cultural relics you buy are all fake, you can try the following measures: First, check the relevant documents at the time of the transaction, such as the purchase contract, receipt, etc., to see if they contain a guarantee clause or a return clause for the authenticity of the cultural relics. Secondly, if the transaction was carried out in a formal trading market or institution, one could seek help or complain to them, because formal institutions often had appraisal services and a certain guarantee mechanism. Finally, if fraud was involved, they could consider using legal means to protect their rights and interests, but this might require further evidence support, such as an authoritative cultural relic appraisal report. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>