Swindled by buying fake cultural relics
In the literary and entertainment market, there were cases of buying fake cultural relics and being cheated. For example, an 80-year-old Auntie Li, who was born into a collection family, regained her hobby of collecting in order to relieve the loneliness of living alone. In 2012, she met Wang Moujie, a literary businessman, and gradually built trust. From September 2020 to June 2021, Auntie Li spent more than 9 million yuan to buy more than 1000 "cultural relics" from Wang Mojie. After his daughter returned to China, she found some suspicious points and sent some of them to be identified as fakes and reported them to the police. The police took three years to identify these "cultural relics" in batches and found that they were all fakes. Wang Mojie initially argued that he was negligent and refused to refund. In front of the evidence, he was found to have deliberately made and sold counterfeit goods. Here, antique collectors were reminded to raise their awareness of prevention. They should communicate, appreciate, and trade through official channels. When it came to money transactions, they should choose a formal platform and rationally recognize the value of the collection to prevent being cheated. Read more exciting novels for free
Fake cultural relics
There were many ways to fake cultural relics. Some faked items that looked authentic but were actually made in modern times. For example, many of the so-called "cultural relics" sold in online live broadcasts were made of plastic but disguised as cultural relics. A woman in Henan was cheated of more than 400,000 yuan to buy hundreds of such fake cultural relics. There were also more elaborate scams, such as directly building a fake tomb, hiring people to "excavate" on the spot to create the illusion that the cultural relics had just been unearthed to deceive buyers, and using people's superstitions about "ancient tomb cultural relics" to deceive people. In terms of fake content, some cultural relics would have a situation where the year did not match the inscription, such as the inscription of "Ming Dynasty Kangxi Year System", which was obviously logically wrong, but there were also some special cases where the inscription of cultural relics was authentic. There was also the phenomenon of forgery in porcelain, such as modern porcelain disguised as ancient porcelain for sale. In short, there were many ways to fake cultural relics, and most of them were for the purpose of making huge profits. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Buying stolen cultural relics
Based on the several cases in the reference materials, the acquisition of stolen cultural relics may involve different crimes. In the case of Wang XX reselling cultural relics, Wang XX, as the operator of an antique shop, bought dozens of bronze wares stolen from the Yin Ruins site protection area from the tomb raiders many times, and was finally convicted of reselling cultural relics. Although he argued that he held a "collection certificate" and refused to admit that he had a profit-making purpose when purchasing cultural relics, the prosecutor's office consolidated various pieces of evidence, such as his random stacking or burying of cultural relics after purchasing them, his laissez-faire attitude towards the reduction of the value of cultural relics, his failure to return all the cultural relics after arriving at the case and his refusal to explain the whereabouts; There was no other source of income. He had purchased bronzes from tomb robbers at a high price six times and paid them in cash. He was determined to have the subjective intention of profiting from them, so he was investigated for criminal responsibility for the crime of reselling cultural relics. In Wang's case, there were two different opinions on his purchase of bronzes stolen by grave robbers, which constituted the crime of covering up, concealing the crime of crime, and the crime of reselling cultural relics. The point of disagreement was whether Wang could be determined to have a profit-making purpose. In the end, he agreed with the second opinion, that Wang had the purpose of profiting and should be convicted and sentenced according to the crime of reselling cultural relics. The reasons included that he had no other sources of income from operating the antique shop, the source of income for the purchase of cultural relics was unknown, and he had not returned all the cultural relics he had purchased and did not explain the whereabouts of the unreturned cultural relics. There was also the antique shop owner, Liu Jian, who bought furniture that was suspected to be of unknown origin and resold it for profit. Although this was not a typical purchase of stolen cultural relics (the case did not indicate that the furniture was a cultural relic), it also reflected the possible legal risks of buying suspicious items and reselling them for profit. In short, the acquisition of stolen cultural relics was a serious illegal act. Depending on the specific circumstances, it might be determined as the crime of reselling cultural relics or the crime of concealing or concealing the proceeds of crime. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake Qidan cultural relics
There was a phenomenon of forgery in the field of Khitan cultural relics. For example, Yanshi, Mengjin, and Yichuan in Henan Province were the "important towns" where epitaphs were forged, which might involve the falsified epitaphs related to Khitan. The Beijing market also had a flood of counterfeit cultural relics of the Liao, Jin, Yuan, and Western Xia dynasties, such as the so-called "suspected Basiba character board". The characters on the board were specious, and many cards were identical. The rust was suspected to be chemical rust, which should be fakes made in a certain area of Henan in recent years. There was also the so-called "Khitan silver gilded Buddha Sutra", which was judged to be fake from its characters and production. In addition, some collectors encountered items suspected to be Khitan cultural relics in the antique market. For example, although the gold medal bought by Old Wu had Khitan characters, it was initially identified as a fake because of the Chinese words "Great Liao Kingdom"(although Old Wu still bought it because it was not expensive). The wolf head talisman received by Mr. Wang of Shen Yang was also suspected to be a fake Khitan cultural relic. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake foreign cultural relics
There was a phenomenon of cultural relics being forged abroad. For example, in France, there was a major case of fraud that shocked the antique industry. Six accused, including art appreciation expert Bill Palo, and a famous antique gallery in Paris were suspected of colluding with each other to make fake antiques. In 2007 - 2008, they forged a batch of antique chairs, disguised as antique chairs that had been used in the living room of Madame Dubari, the mistress of King Louis Fifteen of France, and in the boudoir of the "beheaded queen," Marie-Antoinette. They sold them to well-known customers and made a profit of more than hundreds of thousands of euros. Even the Palace of Versailles was deceived into collecting these fake antiques. In the United Kingdom, the famous archaeologist Merat claimed to have found murals and inscriptions when he discovered the Catay Mound in 1962. However, in 2018, the Swiss archaeologist Zange discovered that these were fakes and suspected that he might have forged other things in the site. Merat was also accused of studying archaeological knowledge before forging evidence to support his own argument. In the late 19th century, more than 8000 animal bone artifacts excavated by the leader of the archaeological community, Gottfried Osovsky, claimed to be authentic and reliable, but were actually forged by "excavation workers." It took half a century from 1885, when the special investigation committee of the polish government determined that the animal bones were not modern imitations, to 1929, when the truth was revealed. In addition, in the United Kingdom's Pilgrim fraud case, the ancient human skull fragment found in 1911 was verified to be 500,000 years old. More than 40 years later, it was proved to be man-made. There was also the papyrus forgery case. About 200 papyrus fragments that reappeared during World War II, although the paper and ink seemed to be consistent with the situation at that time, the source was unknown and suspected of being forged. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Fake cultural relics wholesale
There were cases that showed the wholesale of fake cultural relics. For example, in the online cultural relics fraud case cracked by Changyuan City Public Security Bureau, the fake cultural relics used by the fraud group were purchased from the local wholesale market; there were also police officers who found suspects who sold old craft imitations from a market in Jia County, Henan Province at a price of about 90 yuan per set for fraud. In addition, there were also cases of selling related products such as imitation antiques and ancient coins on the Internet. For example, Nanyang City sold imitation Qing Dynasty ancient copper coins, imitation Guangxu Yuan ingots, etc. These all showed the existence of the wholesale phenomenon of fake cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is fake cultural relics illegal?
Making and selling fake cultural relics may violate the law. From the point of view of making fake cultural relics, forging cultural relics may be regarded as a serious crime because it damages the authenticity and cultural value of cultural relics and may involve the crime of forging cultural relics. In the transaction link, the use of fake cultural relics for fraud, such as the auction agency falsely marking the price of "antiques", luring collectors to its affiliated "appraisal agency" for appraisal, and cheating the victim's property through high appraisal fees, constitute criminal fraud and shall bear criminal responsibility; If the counterfeit cultural relics are used for fraud, and the value of the public and private property involved in the fraud is more than 3,000 yuan to 10,000 yuan, the criminal case filing procedure will be initiated and the criminal responsibility will be investigated. If they sold fake cultural relics, they would usually be classified as a number of crimes, such as fraud, unjust gain, etc., and would also be subject to corresponding criminal penalties. At the same time, there were also corresponding laws and regulations on the smuggling of fake cultural relics prohibited by the state. If the circumstances were particularly serious, they could be sentenced to more than ten years in prison or life imprisonment, and also confiscated property. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Stall stalls selling fake cultural relics
Fake cultural relics were more common on street stalls. Behind the prosperity of the antique market, there were many traps and fake cultural relics. From some cases, such as a woman in Henan Province who spent more than 400,000 yuan to buy hundreds of so-called "cultural relics" in the online live broadcast room were all made of plastic materials, and cultural relic dealers carefully built fake ancient tombs to create the illusion that cultural relics had just been unearthed to deceive buyers in order to make huge profits. In an environment where there was a lack of effective supervision, the probability of fake cultural relics appearing was higher. On the one hand, the relevant departments need to strengthen the supervision of the literary and toy market, including the street stalls, and crack down on the forgery and sale of cultural relics; on the other hand, consumers should improve their appreciation level of cultural relics, do not believe in the temptation of "picking up scraps", choose formal channels when purchasing cultural relics, and carry out professional appraisal. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The cultural relics that I bought are all fake
It was a common risk situation to buy fake cultural relics in the trade of cultural relics. Due to the mixed nature of the cultural relics industry, the relevant laws and regulations were not perfect, and the means of forgery were endless. Coupled with the fact that fake experts were fishing in troubled waters, many buyers who had no experience in cultural relics identification were easily trampled on. If you find that the cultural relics you buy are all fake, you can try the following measures: First, check the relevant documents at the time of the transaction, such as the purchase contract, receipt, etc., to see if they contain a guarantee clause or a return clause for the authenticity of the cultural relics. Secondly, if the transaction was carried out in a formal trading market or institution, one could seek help or complain to them, because formal institutions often had appraisal services and a certain guarantee mechanism. Finally, if fraud was involved, they could consider using legal means to protect their rights and interests, but this might require further evidence support, such as an authoritative cultural relic appraisal report. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
In addition to buying and selling business activities, the cultural relics store
In addition to buying and selling, the cultural relics store could also be used as a purchasing station and temporary preservation center for the country to collect cultural relics scattered in society. It could provide cultural relics needed for exhibition and research for the museum, research institutes and schools, and could also provide offline transactions for personal collectors.(The transfer of key cultural relics under national protection must comply with the provisions of the National Cultural Relics Law); it can provide collections and materials for the museum and relevant scientific research departments; under certain conditions, it can also enter the live broadcast platform to carry out business activities. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
On the legal interests violated by reselling fake cultural relics
Selling fake cultural relics mainly violates the following legal interests: ** I. Citizens 'property rights ** 1. ** Fraud causes property damage ** - When the perpetrator sold fake cultural relics as real cultural relics, the buyer often paid the price based on the wrong understanding of the authenticity of the cultural relics. For example, in the case seized by Shizhong District Branch of Jinan City Public Security Bureau, the criminal gang disguised modern crafts made of resin and stone powder as so-called "cultural relics" by means of making them old and sold them to the victims at a price far higher than their actual value (no more than 20 yuan per piece)(ranging from 300 yuan to 500 yuan). The buyer originally thought that he had bought a valuable cultural relic, but in fact, he had suffered property losses. 2. ** Disrupting the normal market trading order ** - In the cultural relics market or similar trading scenarios, the act of reselling fake cultural relics destroyed the most basic principle of honesty and credit in market transactions. Normal market transactions required the information of both parties to be symmetrical, while the act of reselling fake cultural relics was to induce transactions through false information, which reduced the trust of consumers in the entire cultural relics trading market and interfered with the normal operation of the cultural relics market. If this kind of behavior was rampant, it would cause people to be full of doubts when conducting cultural relics transactions, hindering the healthy and orderly development of the cultural relics market. ** 2. In terms of social management and order ** 1. ** The order of cultural relics management is disrupted ** - Cultural relics management was a system established based on the protection, research, and display of cultural relics. Although the fake cultural relics themselves had no cultural value, the act of selling fake cultural relics would confuse the public's understanding of cultural relics and interfere with the supervision of the cultural relics market by the cultural relics management department. For example, the cultural relics management department needed to regulate the circulation and trading of cultural relics, and the act of reselling fake cultural relics increased the difficulty of management, making it difficult to distinguish between legal cultural relics transactions and illegal reselling of fake cultural relics, destroying the orderly management order established by the cultural relics management department. 2. ** Cultural heritage and social order and good customs are damaged ** - Cultural relics carried rich historical and cultural contents and were important carriers of cultural inheritance. The act of selling fake cultural relics was a destruction of this cultural inheritance system. It conveyed a wrong cultural value. The public order and good customs of society expect people to respect cultural heritage, and the fraud of selling fake cultural relics violates the normal order of social public morality and cultural inheritance, which negatively affects the public's respect and protection of cultural relics. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>