The cultural relics of Heishui City in Xixia
The cultural relics in Heishui City of Xixia were rich and varied, and they were of great value. ** I. Discoveries and Stolen Relics ** 1. ** Discovered ** - The ruins of Heishui City were located in the Ejina River basin in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was built during the Western Xia period. At that time, it was an important agricultural base and border fortress in the western region of the Western Xia Dynasty. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, it received attention again. In 1908, an expedition team organized by the Russian Royal Geography Society carried out a large-scale excavation in Blackwater City. They found a large number of Xixia documents in a tower outside the city. They were numerous and varied. It was even said that they had found a "complete library." 2. ** Plunder and Outflow ** - Russia's Kozlov stole a large number of Xixia cultural relics from the pagoda, including manuscripts, books, Buddhist supplies, paintings, etc., and shipped more than ten boxes. These cultural relics were transported to Petersburg. Among them, the documents of Blackwater City in Russia were mainly Xixia documents. There were more than 8000 numbers and thousands of volumes. The proportion of complete copies was very high. The Hermitage Museum preserved a large number of cultural relics looted from Blackwater City. The third floor displayed almost all the precious cultural relics of the Xixia period looted from Blackwater City. In addition, the British Museum also had cultural relics lost from Blackwater City. ** 2. The types and characteristics of cultural relics ** 1. ** Literature ** - There were more than 500 types of Xixia literature in Blackwater City, of which there were nearly 100 types of secular literature. This discovery changed the distribution pattern of ancient books in China. Compared with the Liao Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, which had very few books, the number and variety of Xixia literature in Heishui City were considerable. 2. ** In terms of artistic works ** - ** Thangka works **: A large number of well-preserved Thangka works are preserved in the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. For example, the Green Ferry Mother Silk Thangka was a high-quality work of exquisite craftsmanship. It had a unique shape, as if the framing and decorative edges were woven into the picture as an organic component of the overall composition. The main statue had its own characteristics in terms of clothing. The image of the offering Bodhisattva and the Vajrapani beside the lotus stem was unique, and the color tone was well controlled. It was different from the warm red tone of Tibet, and was similar to the light and quaint color preference of Dunhuang and Anxi. - ** Scroll Painting **: There are scroll paintings of Amitabha's Pure Land Transformation, etc. Among them, the Amitabha's Guide Map can show the image of the Xixia worshiper. - ** Sculpture **: There are also precious cultural relics such as the double-headed Buddha statue. It is made of traditional Sokcho-based clay. It is about 62 centimeters tall. The two faces of the double-headed Buddha statue have different expressions, but they are all kind. There was also a Tang Dynasty sculpture of a guardian beast in Cave 321 of Dunhuang. It was about 90 centimeters tall. One of them opened its mouth and roared, while the other closed its lips. Its neck and legs were exquisitely carved. Its curly sideburns and strong muscles were lifelike. ** 3. The value of cultural relics ** 1. ** Historical value ** - These relics reflected the religion, culture, society and many other aspects of Heishui City during the Xixia period. For example, the ruins of Heishui City witnessed the historical changes of the Western Xia Dynasty from its establishment to its demise and the Yuan Dynasty. The cultural relics reflected the political, military, and economic situations at that time. They played an irreplaceable role in studying the history, culture, art, and religion of the Western Xia Dynasty. 2. ** Cultural Value ** - It was an important carrier of the inheritance of Xixia culture. Whether it was Thangka, scroll paintings, or documents, they all carried the cultural meaning of Xixia language, writing, painting style, religious beliefs, and so on. It was of great significance to the inheritance and promotion of Xixia culture. 3. ** artistic value ** - Thangka, sculptures and other cultural relics reflected the superb artistic standards of that time. From the use of color in painting, the modeling of characters to the craftsmanship of sculptures, they all showed the unique charm of Xixia art. Read more exciting novels for free
Xixia relics
Many cultural relics were unearthed from the Xixia ruins. In Inner Mongolia, there is the site of the Great Wall of the Western Xia Dynasty. The site has been announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of key cultural relics protection units in Inner Mongolia, and the Great Wall cultural relics protection work has been carried out. From the ruins of the Western Xia royal mausoleum, there were remnants of Chinese and Western Xia inscriptions, stone statues, stone steles, glazed kisses, etc., which were listed as second-class cultural relics in the national collection. Among them, there was a stone statue stele that was designated as a national treasure cultural relic, and a young man found a broken palm print brick here. The Western Xia ruins in Weicheng were located in Miaotai Township, Huinong District, Shizuishan City, Ningxia. A bald head made of porcelain was unearthed here. It was very precious because Li Yuanhao ordered the bald head to be bald as early as 1033 AD. In 1965, coins, ancient porcelain and ironware from the Tang, Song and Western Xia dynasties were also excavated here. In addition, some precious Xixia cultural relics were unearthed continuously, such as Xixia murals, which could let people understand the clothing, hairstyle, customs and other life contents of the Dangxiang people; Woodprint dog gold bowl plain surface without patterns, simple and simple; The golden fingernail carved with double-fish pattern was made of gold, small and exquisite, and its lotus and fish patterns were permeated with rich Buddhist colors, reflecting the Buddhist ethos of Xixia; Tibetan gods praying wooden slips help to understand the religion and customs of Xixia; Copper jade pot spring vase style from the Central Plains and relatively rare; The pattern of the white glazed brown flower porcelain bottle was simple, the shape was unique, and the workmanship was slightly rough. The Buddha head looked serene and solemn. The wooden edge tower was a national treasure burial tool, which was very important for studying the culture of the Western Xia Dynasty. The bronze imperial plate of the Western Xia Dynasty was the identity certificate of the Western Xia emissary when delivering emergency documents and orders. There were also coins written in Xixia language like Zhi Yuan Tong Bao. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics in Nantou City
Nantou City had a rich variety of cultural relics. There were 11000 pieces of cultural relics excavated from the original site of Nantou City Primary School and its surrounding areas, which could be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Republic of China. Among them, the more complete artifacts included pottery, porcelain, stone, jade, gold, iron, glass, bone, bronze, etc., covering the Spring and Autumn Period, Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasty, Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, etc. The Nantou Ancient City Museum presents the history of the city in 1677. It displays more than 300 cultural relics and narrates the history of the city from the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 331). The museum was divided into two parts. One was indoor display, which displayed the history of the development of the city and the history of resisting foreign aggression against the background of the historical changes and cultural history of the ancient city of Nantou. The other was the ancient ruins area, the Ancient City, and the ancient buildings display, which reflected the prosperity and bustle of the ancient city through a large number of cultural relics and historical buildings. In addition, the tomb bricks with the formula of "Nine-Nine Multiplication" were unearthed from the tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Red Garden of Nantou. There were also cultural relics such as the four-hole jar and the celadon colorful four-series jar of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the pottery stove model of the Western Jin Dynasty, the celadon four-series jar, the small jar with a lid, the pottery figurines, the pottery cattle, the gold bracelet, the celadon jar, etc. Nantou Ancient City had also unearthed cultural relics such as the Ming Dynasty's double-happiness flower pattern blue and white porcelain bowl, banana leaf landscape pattern porcelain bowl, and the Qing Dynasty's cigarette smoke box. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Ruzhou City Cultural Relics
Ruzhou City had a long history and rich cultural resources. Ruzhou City had a total of 10 national key cultural relics protection units, namely Fengxue Temple and Talin Forest, Zhanggongxiang kiln site, Faxing Temple Pagoda, Ruzhou Confucian Temple, Meishan Ruins, Yanhedian kiln site, Lilou Ruins, Donggou Kiln Ruins, Houwan Taishan Temple, and Yan Village Ruins. The approval and announcement dates were as follows: On January 13,1988, the State Council approved and announced that Fengxue Temple and Talin Forest were the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units; On May 25,2006, Zhanggongxiang kiln site, Faxing Temple Pagoda and Ruzhou Confucian Temple were approved and announced by the State Council as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units; On March 5,2013, Meishan site, Yanhedian kiln site and Lilou site were approved and announced by the State Council as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units; On October 16,2019, Donggou Kiln Ruins, Houwan Taishan Temple and Yan Village Ruins were approved and announced by the State Council as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Ruzhou City has a total of 20 cultural relics protection sites in Henan Province, including Dazhang Ruins, Zhongshanzhai Ruins, Qingyang Old City, Miaoshui Temple, Front and Back Households Ruins, Guanzhuang Old City, Ruzhou Evangelical Hall, Lai 'an Stronghold, Wan'an West Stronghold, Houwan Xiaoan Bridge, Banzha Bridge, Banzha Ancient Buildings, Sanshan Peifeng Tower, Ningguo Temple, Yanglou Xu Family's old house, Linru County Anti-Japanese County Government's former site, Zhaozhuang irrigation station, Hedong kiln site, Sigou kiln site, Daruhuachi Harulu Cemetery, etc. These units were approved and announced by the Henan Province People's Government in different batches. Ruzhou City also had 22 cultural relics protection units in Pingdingshan City, such as Zhangwan Ruins, Hetang Ruins, Maozhai Ruins, Gudongkou Ruins, Lilou Ruins, etc. The verification and announcement work was also completed by Pingdingshan Municipal People's Government in different batches. These cultural relics covered ancient sites, ancient buildings, ancient tombs, cave temples and stone carvings, modern and important historical sites and representative buildings, reflecting the development and cultural heritage of Ruzhou City in various historical periods. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics of Changyi City
Changyi City had many cultural relics. The Changyi City Museum was located at the western foot of Wenshan and the west bank of the Wei River. It was built in 1997, covering an area of 42.71 mu and a building area of 5500 square meters. The building was a traditional palace-style structure. There are more than 87000 cultural relics in the museum, among which the bronze ware "Deng Gongyu" of the Shang Dynasty, the "Taotie pattern white jade bowl" of the Ming Dynasty, and the "manuscript of the imperial doctor of Huang Yuan" of the Qing Dynasty are first-class cultural relics, enjoying a high reputation at home and abroad. During the third national cultural relics survey in 2008, remnants of an ancient ship were found at the mouth of Jiaolai River and Xuanhe River in the northeast of Yali Village, Xiaying Town, Changyi City. After excavation, it was determined that the shipwreck was built between 574 and 657 AD (belonging to the Sui and Tang Dynasties). This is the oldest shipwreck of the Sui and Tang Dynasties discovered in Shandong Province. It is also the earliest ancient ship found in China that uses iron curium. It was of great significance to study the history of shipping and even the ancient Eastern Silk Road. In addition, the "Changyi Xinzhi 2010 - 2013 Tomb Exhumation Report" won the "First Prize of the 35th Shandong Province Outstanding Achievement in Archeology" and the "Second Prize of the 36th Shandong Province Outstanding Achievement in Social Sciences". Changyi City Museum has carried out a number of academic projects through cooperation with higher-level professional institutions. It has now formed 17 special collections of Zhou and Han bronzes, coins of past dynasties, inscriptions of past dynasties, jade articles of Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc. The total number of cultural relics in the collection reaches 90,000. It has also completed several cultural relics protection and restoration projects. The construction of the collection system is in the forefront of Shandong Province. It has also repaired more than 30 immovable cultural relics such as the Shijia Mansion, Fu Zhenbang's former residence, Jiang's ancestral hall and Huang Yuanyu's former residence. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics of Fushun City
Fushun City was rich in cultural relics. In 1988, there were 11 categories and 76 cultural relics and historical sites. In October 2000, Shijiagou tombs were discovered. After the division in 1999, there were five cultural relics and historical sites in Shuncheng area, including ancient tombs, ancient city ruins, ancient customs pier, ancient pagodas and temples, and ancient and modern inscriptions. By the end of 2005, there were 83 cultural relics and historical sites in the whole area. Among them, the Liao Pagoda of Gaoer Mountain was more famous. It was located on the bank of Fushun Hun River and the top of the west peak of Gaoer Mountain. The tower was built in the Liao Dynasty and was made of various types of green bricks. It had nine levels, an octagonal shape, solid eaves, a diameter of 6.8 meters at the bottom and a height of 14.1 meters. The tower was located on a circular platform that was 0.2 meters high. There was also a 3-meter high brick base on the platform. The brick base was symmetrical to the tower. The tower was divided into well-proportioned layers from bottom to top with dense eaves and bucket arch. Each layer was made of polished brick pillars to form eight arc-shaped horns. There were rectangular Buddhist shrines on each of the eight sides of the bottom layer, in which there were embossed sitting Buddhas (most of which only had remnants of Sumeru). In 1933, a stone scripture pillar engraved with the words "Da 'an Fourth Year" was unearthed near the ancient tower, proving that the ancient tower was built in the Liao Dynasty. The Longfeng Mine was abandoned until 1999 when the mine went bankrupt. It was listed as the sixth batch of cultural relics protection units in 2003. In addition, the steel spinulosa parts related to the Sufu railway also became cultural relics. The Sufu railway was built because of Fushun's coal resources. It was first built by the Russians and later taken over by the Japanese. The steel spinulosa parts had nameplates made in Japan's Osaka and Kawasaki in 1934. During the third national cultural relics survey (2007 - 2011), a total of 1172 cultural relics were identified in Fushun. In recent years, 29 immovable cultural relics were added, and 230 cultural relics were protected at the city, county (district) level or above. At present, the fourth national cultural relics survey is being carried out. Starting from November 2023, it will be implemented in three stages. The survey will focus on six categories of immovable cultural relics on the ground, underground and underwater in Fushun City, including ancient cultural sites, ancient tombs, ancient buildings, cave temples and stone carvings, important modern historical sites and representative buildings. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Linhai City Cultural Relics
Linhai City had 132 cultural relics of various levels and types. Among them, the city wall of Taizhou Prefecture, Taozhu City, Jinshan Pagoda Group (including Thousand Buddha Pagoda, Jinshan East Pagoda, Nanshan Hall Pagoda), and the former site of Enze Medical Bureau were listed as national key cultural relics protection units. Xiang Qing's stone tomb was located in Da 'ao Village, Duqiao Town, Linhai City. On December 5, 2003, it was announced by the Linhai Municipal People's Government as a "Linhai Cultural Relics Protection Unit". The Linhai City Museum had a collection of more than 30,000 pieces of cultural relics and more than 20,000 volumes of ancient books. In addition, the Meipu Kiln porcelain in Linhai was the finest of Zhejiang porcelain. The Meipu Kiln began to produce porcelain in the Tang Dynasty and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. The cultural relics unearthed here could let people appreciate the Song rhyme culture of Linhai. The Meipu Kiln Song rhyme Living Art Museum located in Ziyang Street could see the cultural relics unearthed from the Meipu Kiln. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Cultural Relics of Yulong City
The ruins of the Khan Palace and Prince Yu's residence were excavated in the Yu Long City project site. The ruins of the Khan's Palace was the palace where Nurhachi, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, lived. It was excavated from May to August 2012. After verification, it matched the Han Palace in the "Shengjing City Watchtower Map". The building materials proved that Nurhachi moved his capital to Shengyang after 1625 and spent his last year and a half here. The ruins faced south from north to south. It was 41.5 meters long from north to south and 5 degrees from south to west. It covered an area of about 1600 square meters. It faced the Nine Gates Ruins in the north and was only 10.6 meters away from the north wall of the Qing Sheng capital. The Prince Yu Mansion Ruins were 20 meters southwest and 510 meters south from the north wall of the Imperial Palace in Shen Yang. The ruins of Prince Yu's residence was the residence of Duo Duo. Duo Duo was the 15th son of Nurhachi and had outstanding military achievements. His Prince Yu's residence was 50 meters southwest of the Khan's palace. In addition, the tombstone of Andari was now hidden in the east of the Great Government Hall of the Palace Museum in Shengyang. Andari was a Manchurian yellow flag. He was grateful for Huang Taiji's kindness and volunteered to be buried with him. Emperor Shunzhi posthumously presented his official rank and ordered the construction of a tombstone. The Great Government Hall was located in the Forbidden City in Shengyang and was also located in the vicinity of Yulong City. These cultural relics were related to the geographical location or cultural content of Yulong City. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Shifeng Ancient City Cultural Relics
In Xiaotang Village, Zhitang Town, Chaling County, Zhuzhou, ancient tombs, ancient city walls, ancient wells and other ruins of the Warring States Period were discovered. These ruins may be the ruins of Xiaotang Ancient City, an important military town during the Warring States Period. The archaeological team found bronze weapons such as swords, daggers, porcelain, seals and other funerary objects in the ancient tomb. Some of the stolen funerary objects were identified as artifacts of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period, which were classified as national third-class cultural relics. This archaeological discovery was of great value to the historical context of the ancient city of Chaling and the study of the history and culture of Chaling. In addition, seven cultural relics, including earthen pots and iron cauldrons, as well as one "ridge", were excavated from the Eastern Han Dynasty ancient tomb in Shifeng District. In Chayuan Ao, Xiawan New Village, Tongtangwan Street, Shifeng District, there was an ancient stone arch bridge built in the third year of Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1738). In June 2024, it became a district-level cultural relic protection unit in Shifeng District. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Kashgar City Cultural Relics Bureau
The Kashgar City Culture, Sports, Radio, Television, and tourism bureau (Kashgar City Cultural Relics Bureau) had a list of rights and responsibilities, but no more detailed information about its functions, organizational structure, and so on. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Xinyi Cultural Relics Ancient City
Xinyi Ancient City was located in Bafang Village, Zhenlong Town, Xinyi City, Maoming, Guangdong Province. It was built in the fourth year of Wude of Tang Dynasty (621) and served as the seat of the county until 1952. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it served as the seat of Douzhou Prefecture for more than 430 years, so it was also called "Douzhou Ancient City". It had a history of more than 1400 years. There are many cultural relics and historical sites preserved here, such as the Dahong Kingdom's Royal Palace (School Palace), which was built in 1354 AD. In the 11th year of Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty (1861), it was built for Chen Jinjiang, the leader of the Guangdong Heaven and Earth Society. There are some buildings such as the Dacheng Hall, the East and West Corridor, and the Dacheng Gate. In 1990, it was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit. The Gate of Civilization was built in the 18th year of Jiaqing of Qing Dynasty (1813). It was 24 meters opposite the school palace, 14 meters wide and 30 meters high. It was the only gate preserved in the thousand-year-old city. In 1984, it was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in Maoming City. There were also 13 well-preserved ancient academies centered on the school palace. The ancient academy group reflected that this place had been the academic center of southwest Guangdong for generations, which greatly promoted the political, cultural and educational development of southwest Guangdong. In addition, Xinyi is also the county (city) with the most unearthed bronze drums in Guangdong Province. The unearthed bronze drum of the Western Zhou Dynasty is now the treasure of the museum of Guangdong Province. Xinyi also has six provincial cultural relics protection units, including the former site of the palace of Dahong State, Qifeng Academy, the former residence of Ling 18, the memorial building of the Xie family's Anti-Japanese War, the former site of the headquarters of the Huaixiang Uprising, and a batch of ancient buildings such as the Xisangong Temple. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>