Experiment of Op-amp Inverting Proportional Circuit
1. Experiment Purpose 1. Familiar with the op-amp-based inverted proportional amplifier circuit. 2. Grasp the characteristics and performance of proportional circuits composed of integrated operational amplifier. 3. Learn the testing and analysis methods of the above-mentioned circuits. 2. Experimental instruments 1. digital multimeter 2. forcing function generator 3. dual trace oscilloscope 4. An experiment box for simulating electronic circuits may be used (which includes a DC-stabilized power supply module, a component module, and a "proportional sum calculation circuit" template). 3. Experiment Principle 1. operating principle - Inverse proportional operation, minimum input signal Uimin and other conditions to select operational amplifier and determine the parameters of peripheral circuit components. For example, the input voltage Ui is applied to the inverted input terminal of the integrated operational amplifier through the resistance R1, and the non-inverted input terminal is grounded through the resistance R2. The output voltage UO is connected back to the inverted input terminal through the radio frequency. Usually, R2 = R1//Ru. Since I+ = 0, then u+=-I+R2 = 0. - The calculation formula for the inverted amplifier is as follows: Fourth, matters needing attention 1. Proportional amplifier is divided into non-phase and inverted amplifier circuits. 2. In the circuit, a fixed resistance (such as 1K) and a variable resistance (such as 200K) were used for the non-phase and anti-phase circuits. The variable resistance was used as the feedback resistance, and the fixed resistance was used as the input resistance. However, the fixed resistance in the non-phase amplifier was connected to ground (Ground), and the fixed resistance in the inverted amplifier was connected to the signal input. 3. Note that "Ground" is the common point of the two power sources (pools) connected in series. 4. The output signal of the signal generator must be grounded (Ground), otherwise, the effect will not work. 5. Experimental process 1. According to the principle diagram of the inverse proportional amplifier, the circuit was connected. 2. By adjusting the value of the feedback resistance and observing the change in the output signal of the operational amplifier on the scope, one could understand the principle of the inverted proportional amplifier. Six, the characteristics of the inverted proportional amplifier and related analysis 1. In terms of input resistance, - The inverted amplifier has the disadvantage of low input resistance. According to the formula, when Rin = 1K, the amplification factor is 10K/1K = 10 times. From the qualitative analysis of the "virtual short and virtual break" of the operational amplifier, the ground potential of the non-inverted input terminal is 0, and the potential of the inverted input terminal is also 0. The right end of the resistance Rin is equivalent to being connected to the 0 potential. Rin determines the input resistance of the inverted amplifier, so the input resistance of this inverted amplifier is Rin. - When the signal source has internal resistance (non-ideal), for example, internal resistance Rz = 1K, according to the formula of the inverted amplifier, it will affect the amplification, such as Ox = 10k/(1k +1k)=5 times. 2. Power supply - Special situations may occur when a single power supply is used. For example, when a certain operational amplifier is used, there will be no output from Ox. When the voltage is positive, U1A will output a positive voltage, and U1B will have no output. When the voltage is negative, U1A will have no output. However, different op amps may have different situations. For example, replacing the op amp may cause the simulation results to be inconsistent with the expected dual power supply effect, which may be due to the simulation model. Read more exciting novels for free
Each stage of the op amp uses 10 times inverse proportional amplification
如果每级运放采用10倍反相比例放大，根据反相放大器的计算公式\(V_{out} = - V_{in} \times \frac{R_f}{R_{in}}\)，可知\(\frac{R_f}{R_{in}} = 10\)。例如，当\(R_{in}=1K\)时，\(R_f = 10K\)。 反相比例放大电路有一些特点，其优点是共模输入小，对运放的共模抑制比要求低;缺点是输入阻抗等于\(R_{in}\)，比较低，对运放前面的输入级的阻抗要求高，并且会影响设计的放大倍数。在实际应用中，如果信号源有内阻，这个内阻与\(R_{in}\)串联，会导致实际放大倍数发生变化，例如信号源内阻\(R_z = 1K\)，\(R_{in}=1K\)，按照公式\(V_{out} = - V_{in} \times \frac{R_f}{R_{z}+R_{in}}\)，放大倍数会变为5倍。 在设计包含这种反相比例放大的电路时，还需要考虑电路的抗干扰能力等问题。对于反相放大电路，可以通过合理的PCB布板来增强抗干扰能力，例如将相关电阻摆放到运放芯片的输入引脚附近，缩短nA级电流的走线长度，从而减少外界干扰。 <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">点击前往免费阅读更多精彩小说</a>
Is the voltage in a series circuit proportional or inverse?
In a series circuit, the ratio of the voltage between two resistances is equal to the ratio of their resistance, that is, the voltage at both ends is proportional to the resistance. The greater the resistance, the higher the voltage at both ends. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
In the 10 times inverted proportional amplification circuit,
Please clarify the specific questions about the " 10x inverse proportional amplifier circuit ", such as the circuit's components, working principle, anti-interference ability, or other related questions? <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
R2 of the inverse proportional amplifier circuit
In an inverted proportional amplifier circuit, R2 usually referred to the balancing resistance or compensation resistance. Its resistance is equal to the value of R1 and Rf in parallel (R2 = R1//Rf). When R2 = R1//Rf, the output voltage caused by the input bias current of the op amp can be zero, thereby eliminating the effect of the input bias current on the output voltage. However, due to the difference in bias currents between the non-inverted and inverted ends of the op amp, the input stage devices are not exactly the same.(The difference between the two is the input offset current Ios). Even if a balancing resistance is introduced, the bias current will still produce a certain output voltage. However, under normal circumstances, the error caused by the very small Ios (usually nA) can be ignored. In the case of amplifying a very weak signal (such as a uV level signal), the error caused by the input bias current may not be ignored. In this case, a precision op amp with a smaller input bias current and offset voltage should be selected. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reverse Proportional Circuit Simulation and Its Use
The inverse proportional operation circuit was actually a deep voltage parallel negative feedback circuit. In an ideal situation, the potential at the inverted input is zero (that is, the "virtual ground"), and the common-mode voltage added to the input of the integrated operational amplifier is very small. The output voltage is proportional to the input voltage, but the phase is opposite, thus achieving an inverse proportional operation. The scaling factor depended on the ratio of the resistance, and had nothing to do with the internal parameters of the integrated operational amplifier. As long as the resistance values of the resistance were accurate and stable, an accurate scaling relationship could be obtained. The scaling factor could be greater than, equal to, or less than 1. Due to the deep voltage parallel negative feedback, the input resistance of the circuit was not high, and the output resistance was very low. In terms of Multisim simulation, you can double-click the icon of the scope to adjust the X-axis scan to 500 fs/Di or 1ms/DIV, the A channel amplitude to 10 millivolts/Div, and the B channel amplitude to 100 millivolts/Div. Turn on the power switch, and you can observe the inverse relationship between the output and input signals. At the same time, you can see the multiple relationship from the amplitude of the wave and the channel gain. The amplification can also be measured with an AC voltage meter, and the relationship between R3 and the ratio is R3=R1//R, A = R1/R2. The inverse proportional amplifier can realize the inverse amplification of the input signal. It has a wide application prospect in signal processing, filter and other applications. This function can be easily realized with the LM324. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is 'Inverting Anna' a True Story?
No, it's not. 'Inverting Anna' is a fictional work created for entertainment purposes.
What is the principle of the single-phase half-wave controllable rectify circuit simulation experiment?
The single-phase half-wave controllable rectify circuit was mainly composed of a transformer, a crystal-controlled reactor, and a load resistance. When conducting simulation experiments, the principle was as follows: 1. * * Analysis of the switching state of the thyratron ** - In the positive half-wave of the power supply voltage (0-Pi interval), the thyratron bears the forward voltage, but before the pulse u_G triggers the thyratron at the control angle, the thyratron is turned off. At this time, there is no current flowing in the load r, the output voltage u_d is 0, and the voltage the thyratron bears is the power supply voltage u_{ZT}= u2. - When the thyratron is triggered at <<Omega>=<Alpha>>, the thyratron will start to conduct, forming a load current <i_d>>. There is an output voltage and current on the load. At this time, if the tube voltage drop is ignored, the voltage across the load is the secondary voltage of the transformer <u_2>>, and the wave form of the load current <i_L>> is similar to the wave form of <u_L>>. - At the moment of <<Omega>>, the power supply voltage naturally crosses zero, and the cascaded current is turned off when it is less than the sustaining current. The load current is zero. - In the negative half-wave of the power supply voltage (in the range of <Pi>-2<Pi>), the thyristors are in the off-state due to the reverse voltage. There is no output voltage on the load, and the load current is zero. 2. * * Effect of control angle and conducting angle on output ** - The electrical angle from the moment the controllable silicon begins to withstand the forward voltage to the time when the trigger is turned on is called the control angle. The electrical angle of the controllable silicon in a cycle is called the conducting angle. In a single-phase half-wave rectify circuit, the smaller the control angle, the larger the conducting angle, and the larger the average value of the load voltage and current. By changing the size of the control angle, the output voltage can be changed to achieve the purpose of voltage regulation. 3. * * Piecewise-linear Circuit Analysis ** - Using the switching characteristic of the thyratron, the non-linear circuit was transformed into a piecewise-linear circuit. In different intervals (such as the turn-off and turn-on stages of the thyratron), the circuit presented different linear characteristics, so the existing circuit theory could be used to analyze each stage separately. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Love is not proportional
In love, giving out a different amount of effort would bring about a lot of consequences. If one party paid too much and the other party paid less, then the party who paid more would often be in a more passive state. For example, when a boy contributed more than a girl, the girl would have more initiative in the relationship. On the other hand, when a girl contributed more than a boy, the boy would have more initiative. This kind of unbalanced state may make it difficult for the relationship to develop healthily. It is easy for the party who pays more to feel tired, while the party who pays less may have nothing to fear. From an ideal point of view, some people believed that the golden ratio of emotional balance was 1: 1.5, that is, when one party gave 1 unit of love and care, the other party would expect 1.5 units of love and care in return. Others suggested that a similar 5:5 equivalent ratio was a better state. However, in actual relationships, the specific ratio of contribution would also be affected by many factors such as the economic conditions of both parties, personality characteristics, and so on. For example, if the economic conditions of both parties were the same, it might be more reasonable for men and women to pay six to four. If the economic gap between the two parties was large, it would be more appropriate for the party with better economic conditions to pay more.
Rainwater Mouth Inverting valve installation drawing
This isn't related to online novels. If you can give me the content of the web novel related to the installation diagram of the rainwater outlet, such as introducing the plot related to the installation diagram in a web novel, I can deal with it according to the requirements. I can't do it according to the instructions you gave me. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The Inverse Proportional Function
The following question was about the geometric properties of the inverse proportional function: A typical example: In the known rectangular OADC, UA = 2, AB = 4, the hyperboloid y = k/x (k>0) and the two sides of the rectangular ADC and ADC intersect E and F respectively. (1) If E is the middle point of A and B, find the coordinates of point F;(2) If the point B falls on the point D on the x-axis when the point B is folded along the straight line E and G is G, prove that the point D is G, and find the value of k. This question involved the combination of an inverse proportional function and a rectangular shape. It was solved by using the properties of the inverse proportional function and the relationship between geometric figures. In the process of solving the problem, the geometric meaning of k in the inverse proportional function needed to be used. For example, in the case where the edge of the triangle intersected with the inverse proportional function image, the coordinates of the relevant points were obtained through known conditions, and then the unknown quantity was further solved according to the properties of the geometric figure (such as the judgment and properties of similar triangle, etc.). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>