Illustration of the relationship between species

Answer 1

The racial relationships of creatures were more complicated, and they were explained from different angles as follows:

** 1. Human Race Relationship **

1. ** Genetic level **
- Humans were mainly divided into white, yellow, and black races based on skin color and other characteristics. The paternal genes of Caucasians were F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, P, R (R1a, R1b), and the maternal genes were N, I, W, A, X, Y, LV, H, V, P, J, T, U, K, etc.; The paternal genes of yellow-skinned people were N, O, and the maternal genes were R, B, F; The paternal genes of brown-skinned people were C, D, and the maternal genes were M, C, Z, D, G, E, Q; The paternal genes of black-skinned people were A, B, E, E3b, and the maternal genes were L1, L2, L3. All modern humans originated in Africa. Although there were different genetic types, they all belonged to the same species and there was no reproductive isolation. Genetic exchange between different races had existed throughout history. For example, the Han Chinese had about 0.2% of the Denizovan genes.
2. ** Society **
- In society, different races faced different social situations. Take the United States as an example. Race had been a problem for a long time. Although interracial marriages were increasing, reflecting the improvement of social tolerance, African Americans still faced challenges in education and employment. For example, African American families lagged behind whites and the average level of American society in terms of income, housing, bank credit, employment, and education. The "one drop of blood principle" also revealed the deep psychology of racial discrimination. Even in interracial marriages, the situation of African Americans had not been fundamentally improved.

3. ** The relationship between humans and other creatures **
- As a type of living creature, humans were clearly different from other living creatures. Humans were a species of Homo Evolutis, and there was reproductive isolation from other creatures, which meant that humans could not naturally give birth to offspring with other creatures. For example, even chimpanzees, which were the closest relatives to humans, could not mate naturally. However, in history, there were some unethical experiments by Soviet biologists that attempted to cross breed between humans and chimpanzees.

** 2. Animal race relations (related to reproductive isolation)**

1. ** Genital isolation type **
- According to the inducement, reproductive isolation could be divided into geographical isolation, ecological isolation, seasonal isolation, physiological isolation, mechanical isolation, behavior isolation, hybrid non-survival, hybrid infertility, hybrid decline, etc. For example, once different subspecies are formed between animals, it may be due to geographical isolation (such as primates living on both sides of the river forming different subspecies, genetic differences, and difficulty in combining), or behavior isolation (such as Drosophila slanogaster and D. However, there were also reasons such as reproductive isolation.
2. ** Special circumstances **
- There are some hybrid offspring produced by human intervention, such as ligerbeasts (a cross between a lion and a tiger) and mules (a cross between a horse and a donkey), but their offspring are infertile.

** 3. Different life forms (for example, the relationship between carbon-based life and silicon-based life)**
- Most of the creatures on Earth were carbon-based, and carbon was the most important element that made up the creatures on Earth. However, scientists speculated that there might be silicon-based life in outer space. There was a big difference between silicon-based life and carbon-based life. Silica-based life did not require protein and DNA, and its living conditions were simple. It could withstand a temperature of 300 degrees, was more suitable for space exploration, and was not afraid of bacteria, viruses, or cosmic rays. However, silicon-based life was afraid of water, and it was difficult to form a molecular structure and reproduce. If all life on Earth were silicon-based, the variety and form of life would be very different from the present. There would be huge differences in structure, function, evolution, and other aspects of life on Earth.
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