Nicola Carnot

Answer 1

There were two famous figures named Carnot in the history of science, Lazar Nicolas Margaret Carnot and Nicolas Lionel Sadi Carnot.

Lazar Nicolas Margaret Carnot (May 13, 1753-August 2, 1823) was a French mathematician. He graduated from the Academy of Military Engineering and was elected as a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences in 1796. He served in the army for a long time and later became an important member of the Napoleonic regime, serving as Minister of War and Minister of the Internal Affairs. He was known as the "person who organized victory" because after the French Republic implemented the conscription law in 1793, he trained 770,000 new soldiers to enter the battlefield and received frequent reports. More than half of the reason why Napoleon could dominate Europe was due to the conscription system and his contribution. In terms of mathematical research, his research mainly focused on mathematical analysis and geometry. On the Metaphysics of Infinitesimal Calculation made an attempt to prove the accuracy of the results of infinitesimal calculations. His choice of various methods of mathematical analysis laid the foundation for the reform of mathematical analysis in the early 19th century. He also made important contributions to projective geometry. His works included On the Relationship of Geometric-Figures (1801), Position Geometries (1803),"Studies on the Cross-Section Theory"(1806).

Nicolas Lionel Sadi Carnot (1796 - 1832) was born in Paris, France. He was the eldest son of Lazar Carnot, a French military engineer and mathematician. In 1812, he was admitted to the French Comprehensive Engineering School. After graduation, he went to Metz, France, to study military engineering for two years. In 1819, he was transferred to the newly established General Staff in Paris. In 1821, he went to Germany to visit his exiled father and discuss the problem of the steam engine. In 1824, he published the book Thoughts on the Power of Fire. He had both basic theoretical knowledge and experimental research skills. He was the first person to connect heat and power. He was the founder of the theoretical basis of energetics. He used the "ideal cycle" thinking method to propose the Carnot cycle and conceived the ideal Carnot heat engine. He was recognized as one of the founders of energetics. He pointed out the correct way to improve the efficiency of the heat engine and revealed the irreversibility of the thermal process. He was regarded as the pioneer of the second law of energetics by later generations.

Hurry up and click on the link below to return to the super classic "Lord of Mysteries"!