One element is extreme coincidence. For example, two strangers meet in a foreign country and later find out they were born in the same hospital on the same day. Another element could be incredible survival. Like a person surviving in the wilderness for a long time with very few resources. Also, unexpected reunions, such as long - lost family members finding each other after years of separation.
Well, extraordinary events can make a story unbelievable yet true. For instance, a shipwreck survivor floating on a raft for days and then being rescued by a passing yacht that just happened to be in the area. Miraculous recoveries also play a part. There are cases where people were given a very low chance of survival due to a serious illness but they defied the odds and fully recovered. And then there are stories of lost items that return in the most unexpected ways, like a precious heirloom being found decades later in a completely different place.
There are several things. First, human endurance can be a factor. A hiker getting lost in the mountains and enduring harsh weather and lack of food for days before being rescued. Second, strange twists of fate. A lottery ticket that was almost thrown away but turns out to be a winning one. Third, acts of heroism that seem almost superhuman. A bystander saving multiple people from a burning building in a very dangerous situation.