No, he doesn't die in Pulp Fiction.
In Pulp Fiction, John Travolta's character, Vincent Vega, has a number of adventures throughout the movie. There are some dangerous situations he gets into, like dealing with the briefcase and his interactions with various other characters. But ultimately, he does not die.
John Travolta's character in Pulp Fiction, Vincent Vega, is very much alive for most of the movie. He goes through a lot of events, from going to the restaurant with Mia Wallace to other misadventures. There are moments of high tension and some close calls, but the movie doesn't end with his death.