The Ministry of Magic could be the ones to betray Harry. They might try to use Harry as a pawn in their political games, and when Harry realizes this, he loses faith in the so - called good side. Voldemort then takes advantage of Harry's disillusionment and convinces him to join.
It could be his teachers at Hogwarts. For example, Snape might finally turn on Harry completely in this fanfic. Snape could reveal some secrets that make Harry feel like he's been lied to all his life. This betrayal by someone he thought was an ally could push Harry towards Voldemort.
Hermione could be the one. Maybe she gets jealous of Harry's fame and power, and starts spreading lies about him, which leads to his betrayal. As a result, Harry feels so hurt that he turns to Voldemort.
In this fanfic, Harry might be betrayed by the Order of the Phoenix. They could have made a decision that endangered Harry's life without his knowledge. Feeling used and discarded, Harry runs away. Voldemort, through his Death Eaters, finds Harry and manipulates him. He tells Harry that he can give him a place where he will be respected and not betrayed again. Harry, still young and naive in some ways, falls for Voldemort's lies and joins him, leading to a very different kind of war in the wizarding world.
Perhaps Harry is betrayed by the wizarding world as a whole. The Ministry of Magic wrongly accuses him of a serious crime. With no one to turn to, Voldemort approaches Harry. Voldemort shows Harry a world where he can be in control, instead of being at the mercy of those who have turned against him. So, Harry decides to join Voldemort out of desperation and a thirst for revenge against those who betrayed him.
Perhaps he was deceived. There might be a powerful dark wizard who managed to convince Harry that the dark side had a more 'just' cause. This wizard could have used false information about the history of the wizarding world and how the dark side was initially misjudged.
In 'harry potter is betrayed fanfic', Luna Lovegood might be a character who betrays Harry. Maybe she is under the control of some mind - altering spell or has been deceived by a false prophecy that makes her think she is doing the right thing by betraying him. Also, Hagrid could be a shock betrayer if he is somehow forced to choose between Harry and his beloved magical creatures, and chooses the latter in a way that is seen as a betrayal to Harry.
In the 'harry joins voldemort fanfic', it could start with Harry being captured by Voldemort. Instead of killing him immediately, Voldemort decides to brainwash him. Through a series of dark magic spells and psychological manipulation, Harry starts to see Voldemort as a mentor. As time passes, Harry becomes an integral part of Voldemort's inner circle, helping him plan attacks against the wizarding world, believing that they are actually for a greater good as Voldemort has convinced him.
Well, in a fanfic where Harry joins Voldemort, it could be a very different story. Harry could start to learn the dark arts from Voldemort, which would change his character completely. He might be given new powers or abilities that are dark in nature. This would also cause a lot of confusion among the wizarding community. People who once looked up to Harry would be disappointed and afraid. And there would be a new dynamic between the Death Eaters and Harry, with some perhaps being jealous of the attention he gets from Voldemort while others might try to befriend him for their own gain.
Even Ginny could be written as a betrayer in a fanfic. For example, if she becomes possessed by a dark force, she might turn against Harry. Her relationship with Harry is so central in the original story that a betrayal from her would be a huge shock and create a lot of drama in the fanfic.
In a fanfic with this scenario, the story would take a dark and twisted path. Harry joining Voldemort would mean that the values he once held dear are now being tossed aside. Voldemort would start to manipulate Harry, perhaps using memories of his parents' death to make him more bitter. The Order of the Phoenix would have to reevaluate their strategies as Harry now knows a great deal about them. And as Harry gets more involved with Voldemort's plans, he might start to see the world in a more cynical way. His magic could also change, becoming darker and more unpredictable as he delves into the dark arts under Voldemort's tutelage. This would lead to a series of events where the line between good and evil becomes blurred for Harry and for the readers.
The main antagonist could be Dumbledore. Since Harry has joined Voldemort, Dumbledore would see Harry as a threat to the good of the wizarding world. Dumbledore would try to bring Harry back to the right side, and they would end up in conflict.