The abusers could be ostracized by the wizarding community. People in the wizarding world might find out what they've done to Harry and shun them. This could lead to them losing their jobs or their standing in society. For instance, if they were working in some wizard - related business, customers might stop coming.
They might face magical justice. In some fanfictions, the Ministry of Magic could get involved and strip them of their magic, or at least put them under strict surveillance.
He could use his position of authority. Snape might confront the abuser directly. Since he's a teacher, he has the power to intimidate and put a stop to any immediate harm. He could also give Hermione a safe place to stay, like his own quarters (if it's within the rules of the fanfiction world).
The Dursleys might be left in a state of shock and confusion. Since they have been so mean to Harry, they could be worried that the wizarding world will come after them for revenge. But since they are Muggles, the wizarding world may just leave them be, but they will always live in fear of the unknown.
In some versions, Snape might notice Harry's withdrawn behavior or signs of physical harm during Potions class. Maybe Harry flinches when someone gets too close, which makes Snape suspect something is wrong.
Another motive could be related to his complex relationship with Dumbledore. Dumbledore might have asked Snape to look out for Draco, and Snape, being obedient to Dumbledore in many ways, would do so to fulfill his request. Also, Snape might believe that protecting Draco is part of a bigger plan to maintain the balance in the wizarding world.
One possible scenario could be that in this fanfiction, Harry discovers that Hermione is being bullied by some dark - minded students at Hogwarts. He steps in immediately, using his skills and the respect he has among his peers to put an end to it. Maybe he threatens the bullies with exposure to the professors if they don't stop.
After saving Harry, Snape may have to deal with a lot of mistrust from some people in Hogwarts who don't understand his motives. However, he might also start to form a closer bond with Harry, which could change the whole dynamic between them. This new relationship could lead to some unexpected alliances and enmities within the wizarding world. And if the Dursleys were to try and retaliate, Snape would have to constantly be on guard to protect Harry from any potential harm they could cause.
One possible reason could be Snape's lingering resentment towards James Potter, Harry's father. Snape might see Harry as a reminder of the bullying he endured from James during their school days. So, he takes out his anger on Harry.
The abuser could face expulsion from Hogwarts if they are a student or staff member. Wizards have their own laws and rules, and abuse is likely to be severely punished.
Snape, being a skilled wizard, could use magic to protect Draco. He might cast protective spells around Draco when he's alone or in vulnerable situations. Maybe he uses a spell that alerts him whenever Draco is in danger, so he can rush to his aid immediately.
One motivation could be Snape's sense of duty as a teacher. Despite his dislike for Harry in some ways, he still has an obligation to protect the students. So, when he sees Lockhart endangering Harry, he steps in.