There are several possible reasons. Firstly, for the sake of drama. It makes for a very intense and emotional story when a beloved character like Percy dies. Secondly, it could be to explore the after - effects on the other characters. How would Annabeth cope? How would the Camp Half - Blood react? Also, it might be a way to show the unforgiving nature of Tartarus.
Perhaps he could make an alliance with some of the less hostile creatures in Tartarus. There might be beings who are also tired of the chaos and want to help Percy in exchange for something, like a promise to free them from Tartarus if he ever gets the chance. Percy is known for his charisma and ability to make friends, even in the most unlikely situations.
Maybe it's part of a plot to have Percy gain some sort of power or knowledge. In many fictional stories, a character has to go through great pain and suffering before emerging stronger or wiser. The torture in Tartarus could be a way to set up this transformation for Percy.
One reason could be the overwhelming burden of his demigod duties. Constantly facing dangerous monsters and quests can take a toll on his mental state. He might feel like he can't escape this never - ending cycle of danger and responsibility.
One possible reason could be to create a tragic story. Writers might want to show how the world of the story would be affected by the loss of such a central character like Percy.
Well, perhaps in the fanfic, there's a prophecy that gets misinterpreted. The gods think Percy is going to cause great harm based on this wrong interpretation, so they send him to Tartarus. It could also be that there's some sort of power struggle among the gods. Percy might be caught in the middle of it, and one side decides to get rid of him by banishing him to Tartarus to tip the balance in their favor.
One possible consequence could be that he becomes even more powerful in a dark way. Tartarus is full of dangerous and ancient forces. Staying there might expose him to unique and powerful magics that change him. For example, he could gain new combat skills or the ability to control certain Tartarus - born entities.
Well, one reason could be that he's wrongly accused of a major crime against the gods. Maybe some false evidence is planted, making the gods believe he's a threat, so they banish him. Another reason might be that he's trying to protect someone or something, and his actions are misinterpreted as going against the gods' will. For example, if he's trying to save a powerful but 'forbidden' creature, the gods might see this as a violation and send him to Tartarus.
Perhaps a prophecy misinterpretation. If a prophecy was misread and it seemed like Percy was the cause of great evil to come, the gods might take drastic action. For instance, if the prophecy spoke of a 'child of the sea' causing destruction, and they wrongly assumed it was Percy without fully understanding the context.
A third plotline could be Percy's search for a powerful artifact or knowledge in Tartarus that could help him in his future battles or save his friends. Along the way, he discovers secrets about the origin of the gods or the true nature of Tartarus itself, which changes his understanding of the world he thought he knew.
In some fanfictions, Percy's torture in Tartarus could be part of a grander scheme. For example, an enemy on the surface world has made a deal with the forces of Tartarus to weaken Percy. As he endures the torture, he gradually uncovers the conspiracy and tries to find a way to not only escape but also stop those who sent him there. His friends, unaware of his situation at first, start to suspect something is wrong and embark on a quest to find out what happened to him and rescue him.