The Five Punishments, Five Punishments, and Five Passes of the Western Zhou Dynasty
The Five Punishments of Western Zhou referred to ink punishment, cutting punishment, cutting punishment, castration, and capital punishment. The five punishments refer to the punishment of ink, the punishment of death, and the punishment of death. The five faults refer to only officials, only anti-officials, only internal affairs, only goods, only to come.
As a symbol of the five punishments, the translation of the five punishments
Emperor Shun made the law and ordered people to carve the five punishments on bronze ware to let people know the cruelty of punishment. Then Emperor Shun decreed that those who had committed the five punishments should be pardoned by exile.
The Five Passes of Western Zhou
The five faults of the Western Zhou Dynasty referred to only officials, only anti-officials, only internal officials, only goods, and only coming. These were the five forbidden acts of judges listed in the ancient Chinese judicial system. Only the official refers to the fear of power and pervert the law, only the reverse refers to the public revenge, only the internal refers to the protection of relatives, only the property refers to the pursuit of property pervert the law, only to accept the request of others to pervert the law. These were all actions that judicial officials should avoid during a trial. According to the " Lu Punishment," judicial officials who had five faults would be punished accordingly. They might even be punished as criminals.
The Five Faults of the Western Zhou Dynasty
The Five Faults of the Western Zhou Dynasty referred to the five shortcomings of judicial officials in the process of judging cases, including only the official (relying on power), only the opposite (privately reporting grievances), only the family (restraining), only the goods (extorting money and bribery), and only the coming (corruption and bending the law). These actions had destroyed justice and the principles of the law. According to the records of the Book of History, the Western Zhou Dynasty adopted the principle of "equal punishment for all crimes" for judicial officials who committed five crimes, which meant that they would receive the same punishment as the criminals. This showed that the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty had a certain degree of supervision over judicial corruption.
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The Five Hearts of Western Zhou
The five listening methods of the Western Zhou Dynasty referred to the five methods used by ancient Chinese judicial officials to observe the psychological activities of the parties involved in the trial of cases, namely, listening by words, listening by color, listening by breath, listening by ears, and listening by eyes. Hearing was to observe the speech of the person involved. If the words were ambiguous or contradictory, it might mean that there was something wrong with them. Listening was to observe the facial expression of the person involved. If the face was flustered or suddenly pale, it might mean that they were lying or hiding the truth. Listening was to observe the breathing and breathing changes of the person involved. If the breathing was rapid or irregular, it might mean that they were nervous or excited. Listening was to examine the auditory reaction of the person involved. If the words were not clear, it might mean that they were in the wrong. Eye hearing was to observe the eyes and vision of the person involved. If he was absent-minded or did not dare to look straight at him, it might mean that he was in the wrong. These methods judged the authenticity of the statement by observing the speech, facial expression, breathing, hearing, and eyes of the parties involved. It showed that the Western Zhou Dynasty had noticed the problems of judicial psychology and applied them to the trial practice.
Five baht coins of the Western Han Dynasty
The five baht coins of the Western Han Dynasty had rich meanings. It began to be cast in the fifth year of Yuanshou of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (118 B.C.). The earliest one was the five-baht cast by the local county. The shape of the five baht coins had certain rules. The words on the coins were "five baht" and were written in seal script. In terms of species, there were five baht in the Western Han Dynasty, five baht in the red (side), five baht in the three officials, five baht in the Xuan Emperor, five baht in the small five baht, five baht in the gold, etc. The five-baht coins in the county were written in Xiaozhuan script. The back was smooth. There were wheels on the front and no Guo on the back. The diameter was about 2.5 cm and the weight was about 3.5 - 4 grams. The "five" characters were slanted straight or curved. The "Zhu" head of the "baht" character was square folded. The "gold" head was smaller. There was a horizontal line on a few coins. The material was changed to purple copper. It was called cyanotic money. The five baht coins were of moderate weight, in line with the requirements of the social and economic development and price level for the monetary unit at that time. It was cast for a long time. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was cast in the Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Shu, Wei, Jin, Southern Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei and Sui Dynasties. It lasted for 739 years. It was the longevity coin with the largest number, longest time and the most successful in China history. In addition, in 2024, an extra-large five-baht coin was found to have been cast in the Western Han Dynasty. It was about 41.68mm in diameter and weighed 21.76g. The cast body was thick and the shape and size were similar to the later folding ten-type coins. Its calligraphy, casting, rust and other aspects were consistent with the characteristics of the five-baht coin of the Western Han Dynasty. The novel "Gilded Palm" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The Western Han Dynasty gilded five baht
The five-baht coin was the currency that had been used for the longest time in the history of our country's coins. It had been cast by more than 10 dynasties and political powers and more than 20 emperors. In the fifth year of Yuanshou of the Western Han Dynasty, five baht coins were first issued in the Central Plains. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was stipulated that the five-baht coins must be uniformly cast by the "Zhong Guan" who was in charge of casting coins in the imperial court. The shape of the coins was relatively uniform. The diameter of the coins was 2.53 - 2.54 cm, and some were 2.56 cm. The difference was between 0.03 cm. The thickness of the coins was 0.2 - 0.26 cm, and the weight was 4 - 4.5 grams. Although there were a lot of five-baht coins in the world, most of them were made of copper. The gilded five-baht coins of the Western Han Dynasty were rare and precious. In terms of production techniques, gilding was a technique widely used in bronzeware, coins, and other items. It could enhance the sense of luxury and save precious metals. In ancient times, the five baht gold gilded coins might have been used as gifts and rewards by the royal family and the nobles. It could be distinguished from coins made of pure gold in terms of patina. The gilded five baht was mainly made of copper, and the surface was gilded. After the baptism of time, the gilded layer might fall off, and the surface of the coin would have a mottled feeling and might rust, while pure gold coins had no rust. The novel " Gilded Palm " is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Which dynasty was it that the five kings conquered Zhou?
The Five Kings 'conquest of Zhou happened in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
Zhou Yuzhen, the Five Blessings
Zhou Yuzhen was a famous opera artist. She played Dafu's mother in the opera,"Five Blessings." Her acting skills were loved by the audience. Her voice was sweet, her appearance was good, her words were clear, and her eloquence was very good. Zhou Yuzhen had a high reputation in the music industry. Her representative works included Kou Zhun's Boots and Eight Clothes. She had won the Central "Five Ones" Engineering Award and the "Gold Medal" in the opera competition. As for the opera " Five Blessings," it was a song sung by Li Zhenqian and Zhou Yuzhen. In addition, the opera " Five Blessings at the Door " was also a local opera that originated in Nanyang, Henan Province.
Which five are the five?
"Five Gates" had different meanings in different context: - In the field of cars, hatchbacks (five-door cars) usually had a vertical tailgate or a tilted tailgate at the rear in addition to two to four side-opening doors. The five doors here referred to the five door structure of the body. - In martial arts storytelling, the bottom five sects in Shan Tianfang's storytelling were Black Tiger Sect, Lotus Flower Sect, Carefree Sect, Guanghan Palace, and Ruyi Pavilion. - In the ancient palace, there were five gates from the outside to the inside: Gao Gate, Ku Gate, Pheasant Gate, Ying Gate, and Lu Gate. It can also refer to the gate of the palace city in general, and can also refer to the capital. - In the Buddhist language, it was the five "methods of treatment" used in meditation, namely, peace, unpurity, compassion, observation of fate, and chanting of Buddha. - In terms of knowledge, it can refer to the five subjects of classics, history, classics, anthology and poetry. - In ancient times, the concept of "Five Techniques" referred to the five ancient metaphysics of mountains (covering geomancy, choosing auspicious days, feng shui, etc.), medicine, fate (covering fortune-telling and other aspects), physiognomy (such as divination, palmistry, etc.), and divination (covering divination, etc.). While waiting for the TV series, you can also click on the link below to read the classic original work of "Dafeng Nightwatchman"!