Typically, literature refers to the unique characteristics of the theme, emotion, plot, characters, language, etc. in a literary work. These characteristics are usually expressed and shaped by the author intentionally or unintentionally, which can attract the attention of readers and form a unique style of the work. The archetype of literature is one of the important factors in the evaluation of literary works because it can reflect the author's thoughts, values and cultural background, and also affect the readers 'understanding and evaluation of the works. Therefore, when evaluating literary works, the typical character of literature was often taken as an important standard to consider.
Modern literature refers to a literary school that has been produced and developed since the end of the 19th century. Its main characteristics are emphasizing realism, objectively, and scientific nature while opposing romanticism, idealism, symbolism, and other schools in traditional literature. In modern literature, there were many important works such as shakespeare, dickens, maupassant, tolstoy, maugham, hemmingway, falkner, calvino, margret atwood, and so on. Modern literature not only reflected the style of society and the lives of the people at that time, but also reflected the thoughts, emotions and cultural needs of modern humans.
Imitation was a form of ancient literature, also known as huaben novels or short stories. It is a literary genre that is passed down in an oral tradition, usually composed by one or more authors, and uses a narrative method similar to poetry. The characteristic of a vernacular script is that it is short and concise, usually with only a few sentences or less. Its storyline was usually centered around the character, and the character's words and deeds were used to show the plot and theme of the story. The theme of the story usually included love, friendship, loyalty, courage, wisdom, and so on. In ancient times, the vernacular version was widely circulated among the people and was an important part of ancient Chinese literature. They were used to express people's thoughts and emotions, and also provided important inspiration and enlightenment for later literary works.
Modern and contemporary literature refers to contemporary literature, which usually covers literary works from the middle of the 20th century to the present, including realism, realism, symbolism, post-realism, consumer culture, cultural multiculturalism, and other different literary schools. Modern and contemporary literature reflects the political, economic, and cultural changes of contemporary society, as well as human thoughts, emotions, and values. These works usually presented the lifestyle, psychological state, and emotional experience of modern people with the theme of cities, modern life, and technological progress. The representative works of modern and contemporary literature included Dream of the Red Chamber, Scream, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Ordinary World, White Night Journey, and Alive.
Zaju was a form of literature in ancient China, and it was also the earliest form of opera. Zaju originated from the Warring States Period, developed in the Tang Dynasty, and matured in the Song Dynasty. It was one of the treasures of ancient Chinese culture and art. Zaju was usually composed of many short stories, with dialogue and monologue between each story. The plot was twisted and varied, and the characters 'personalities clearly expressed a large number of social reality and people's lives. Zaju's flexible forms of performance, including onstage performance and offstage singing, were an important part of Chinese opera.
Jian 'an's Vigor of Style was a concept in the history of Chinese literature. It referred to the literary school founded by Cao Cao during the Three Kingdoms period. This school was represented by Cao Cao's Short Song Journey, which advocated expressing personal aspirations and love for the country with gorgeous, generous and passionate poetry. This literary style was known as Jian 'an literature, or Cao Cao literature. Jian 'an Style had a profound influence on the literature of later generations and became one of the important schools in the history of ancient Chinese literature.
Literature is an art form that uses words to express the author's thoughts, emotions, and opinions. It includes novels, poems, essays, plays, movies, music, and many other types. The main purpose of literature was to entertain, educate, inspire, and publicize. At the same time, it could also express the author's thoughts and feelings about society, life, nature, and so on. The process of literary creation included conception, writing, revision, and many other aspects. The author needed to have a rich imagination, creativity, emotional expression, language skills, and many other abilities. The works of literature could transcend time and space and be widely welcomed and evaluated by readers. They had profound historical and cultural value. Literature is a comprehensive art form that not only focuses on the beauty and artistry of the work itself, but also on the value and significance of the work to society, life, and nature.
Enlightenment rationality referred to the 18th-century French Enlightenment period, where philosophers, scientists, and teachers advocated and spread the concepts of rationality, science, and freedom. Enlightenment ideologists believed that human beings needed to give full play to the role of reason in the process of understanding the world and solving problems. Traditional religions and philosophy could no longer meet people's needs, so they needed to criticize and surpass them. Enlightenment rationality advocated that human beings should pursue the freedom and equality of knowledge, respect individual rights and freedom, oppose tyranny and dictatorship, and promote social progress and development.
"Past stories" usually refer to ancient Chinese novels such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Journey to the West","Water Margins" and so on. These works have an important position in Chinese history because they are the classics of ancient Chinese novels, and have a great influence on the development of Chinese literature. These novels were usually based on stories to convey the author's thoughts and emotions. They had very high literary value.