Modern literature refers to a literary school that has been produced and developed since the end of the 19th century. Its main characteristics are emphasizing realism, objectively, and scientific nature while opposing romanticism, idealism, symbolism, and other schools in traditional literature. In modern literature, there were many important works such as shakespeare, dickens, maupassant, tolstoy, maugham, hemmingway, falkner, calvino, margret atwood, and so on. Modern literature not only reflected the style of society and the lives of the people at that time, but also reflected the thoughts, emotions and cultural needs of modern humans.
Modern and contemporary literature refers to contemporary literature, which usually covers literary works from the middle of the 20th century to the present, including realism, realism, symbolism, post-realism, consumer culture, cultural multiculturalism, and other different literary schools. Modern and contemporary literature reflects the political, economic, and cultural changes of contemporary society, as well as human thoughts, emotions, and values. These works usually presented the lifestyle, psychological state, and emotional experience of modern people with the theme of cities, modern life, and technological progress. The representative works of modern and contemporary literature included Dream of the Red Chamber, Scream, One Hundred Years of Solitude, Ordinary World, White Night Journey, and Alive.
Imitation was a form of ancient literature, also known as huaben novels or short stories. It is a literary genre that is passed down in an oral tradition, usually composed by one or more authors, and uses a narrative method similar to poetry. The characteristic of a vernacular script is that it is short and concise, usually with only a few sentences or less. Its storyline was usually centered around the character, and the character's words and deeds were used to show the plot and theme of the story. The theme of the story usually included love, friendship, loyalty, courage, wisdom, and so on. In ancient times, the vernacular version was widely circulated among the people and was an important part of ancient Chinese literature. They were used to express people's thoughts and emotions, and also provided important inspiration and enlightenment for later literary works.
Zaju was a form of literature in ancient China, and it was also the earliest form of opera. Zaju originated from the Warring States Period, developed in the Tang Dynasty, and matured in the Song Dynasty. It was one of the treasures of ancient Chinese culture and art. Zaju was usually composed of many short stories, with dialogue and monologue between each story. The plot was twisted and varied, and the characters 'personalities clearly expressed a large number of social reality and people's lives. Zaju's flexible forms of performance, including onstage performance and offstage singing, were an important part of Chinese opera.
The history of contemporary Chinese literature studies the cultural phenomena that have undergone important changes and influences in the history of modern Chinese literature, including the literary revolution, the New Culture Movement, the vernacular movement, realism, realism, scar literature, literature after the reform and opening up, contemporary literature, and so on.
Romance was a literary style that originated in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It emphasized the richness of emotions and humanity, focusing on the monologue and emotional expression of the characters, as well as the ups and downs of the plot. This literary style is often described as a romantic and poetic literary form. Romance literary style is widely used in modern and contemporary literature. For example, the works of Faulkner, George Orwell, Margaret Atwood, etc. all reflected the characteristics of Roman literature. In addition, the Romance literary style was also widely used in the fields of film, music, and painting.
Guo Xiaochuan's term refers to some specific literary styles, literary schools, or literary images in modern and contemporary literature. It is usually related to Guo Xiaochuan (1928 - 1988) and the ideology, literary views, and literary schools he represents. Guo Xiaochuan's idiom usually had distinct characteristics of the times, regional characteristics, and cultural implications, representing the cultural trends, social styles, and people's psychology of a specific historical period. For example, in modern Chinese literature, Guo Xiaochuan's genre mainly included revolutionary literature, idealistic literature, youth literature, working literature, urban literature, scar literature, folk literature, and so on. Under the influence of Guo Xiaochuan's literary thoughts, these literary styles, literary schools, or literary images often showed a strong concern and criticism of social reality, a deep reflection on human nature, life, society, and other aspects, as well as a reflection and exploration of traditional culture and modern civilization. Therefore, Guo Xiaochuan's styled terms have an important position and influence in modern and contemporary literature.
The middle character referred to the characters who were in the middle of the story or important roles in novels, movies, television dramas, and other literary media. These characters were usually not the main characters, but they played an important role in the development of the story, driving the development and evolution of the story. In the history of contemporary literature, the middle character is usually an indispensable element in the plot and an important component of the literary medium. For example, in the novel " One Hundred Years of Solitude," Figradano became the middle character of the story, and his fate and experience became an important part of the whole story. In the movie Forrest Gump, Forrest Gump was the middle character who ran through the entire plot of the movie. His fate and experience became the clues of the whole story. Therefore, the middle character is an indispensable element in the history of contemporary literature, which has an important influence on the development and evolution of literary media.
Enlightenment rationality referred to the 18th-century French Enlightenment period, where philosophers, scientists, and teachers advocated and spread the concepts of rationality, science, and freedom. Enlightenment ideologists believed that human beings needed to give full play to the role of reason in the process of understanding the world and solving problems. Traditional religions and philosophy could no longer meet people's needs, so they needed to criticize and surpass them. Enlightenment rationality advocated that human beings should pursue the freedom and equality of knowledge, respect individual rights and freedom, oppose tyranny and dictatorship, and promote social progress and development.
"Past stories" usually refer to ancient Chinese novels such as "Dream of the Red Chamber","Journey to the West","Water Margins" and so on. These works have an important position in Chinese history because they are the classics of ancient Chinese novels, and have a great influence on the development of Chinese literature. These novels were usually based on stories to convey the author's thoughts and emotions. They had very high literary value.
Multidimensional warfare referred to the use of multi-dimensional space technology such as electromagnetic pulses, optical weapons, space gravity, and other means to attack enemy military facilities, communication systems, navigation systems, and other targets to destroy the enemy's combat effectiveness and strategic intentions. Multi-dimensional warfare usually appeared in science fiction, anime, games, and other fictional works with rich imagination and strong visual effects.