City literature was a literary work that described urban life and reflected social reality. Its audience was urban residents and readers. The characteristics of urban literature were true, vivid, and close to life. The subjects described included the lives of citizens, business economy, interpersonal relationships, social customs, and so on. The representatives of marketplace literature were Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun, Mo Yan, and so on. Their works all reflected the distinctive characteristics of the times and regions of the urban life in Chinese society at that time. Representative works: Teahouse, Camel Xiangzi, Alive, Red Soroliang Family, etc.
The Pre-Qin literature referred to the literature of the Pre-Qin period, including the literature of the vassal states during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Hundred Schools of Thought. The literary works of the Pre-Qin period were rich and colorful, including poems, essays, novels, operas, and many other types. Among them, poetry was the main form of pre-Qin literature, such as Chu Ci, Yuefu, etc. Prose was an important form of pre-Qin literature, such as Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, etc. Fictions and operas were gradually developed after the Pre-Qin period.
The ancient literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties had a term for the marketplace novel as follows: Marketplace novels referred to the novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties that mainly described urban life and the class of citizens. They were also called "citizen novels". These novels mostly described the lives, thoughts, emotions, and interpersonal relationships of the citizens, reflecting social reality and the sufferings of the people, with certain social significance and artistic value. The characteristics of marketplace novels included: 1. Description of social life: The novels mostly describe urban life, the social class, commercial trade, customs and human feelings, etc., reflecting the social style and people's lives at that time. 2. Character image: The characters in the novel are mostly represented by the citizen class. The group image is real, full, with distinct personality characteristics and profound thoughts. 3. Reflect social reality: Marketplace novels pay more attention to social reality and people's sufferings. Reflecting the social style and people's psychology at that time has certain social significance and artistic value. 4. Easy to understand language: The language of urban novels is easy to understand and close to life, full of expressiveness and appeal. 5. Various forms: There are various forms of urban novels, including traditional novels, vernacular novels, rap, opera and other artistic forms. In the ancient literature compiled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the marketplace novel was an important genre of literature, which had a profound influence on both ancient and modern Chinese literature.
Literature is an art form that uses words to express the author's thoughts, emotions, and opinions. It includes novels, poems, essays, plays, movies, music, and many other types. The main purpose of literature was to entertain, educate, inspire, and publicize. At the same time, it could also express the author's thoughts and feelings about society, life, nature, and so on. The process of literary creation included conception, writing, revision, and many other aspects. The author needed to have a rich imagination, creativity, emotional expression, language skills, and many other abilities. The works of literature could transcend time and space and be widely welcomed and evaluated by readers. They had profound historical and cultural value. Literature is a comprehensive art form that not only focuses on the beauty and artistry of the work itself, but also on the value and significance of the work to society, life, and nature.
Modern novels refer to a series of literary works from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, guided by modern western literary theory and mainly featured by modern literature. These works had a variety of creative styles, concise language, and often focused on expressing social reality and personal psychology to explore the nature and contradictions of human nature. Among them, the most famous representatives were Charles Dickens, Jean de Maurice, Tolstoy, and so on.
The cultural root-seeking novel refers to expressing the author's love and nostalgia for his hometown or traditional culture by describing the culture, customs, and customs of a certain historical period or region. This kind of novel usually emphasized the exploration of history, culture, and human nature, as well as the inheritance and development of these cultures. Main representative: 1 Lu Xun: Hometown, Diary of a Madman, etc. 2 Lao She: Camel Xiangzi, Teahouse, etc. 3. Mo Yan: Red Soroliang Family, Big Breasts and Buttocks, etc. 4. Yu Hua: Live, Shout in the Drizzle, etc. 5 Wang Xiaobo: Golden Age, Wanshou Temple, etc. These questions, history, human nature and so on, through the form of the novel, show the love and nostalgia for the hometown and traditional culture. Their works not only deeply reflected the social reality at that time, but also had strong cultural value and became one of the important representatives of modern Chinese literature.
The genre of literary works referred to the artistic forms and structures used in literary works. It usually included novels, poems, essays, plays, movies, television dramas, biographies, and recollections. Different genre has different characteristics and forms of expression, but they all aim to express the author's feelings and thoughts through words. For example, novels usually convey the theme through the plot and characters, while poems express emotions through rhythm and artistic conception.
Enemies literature refers to a literary genre or literary work that has been invaded, occupied, or influenced by war, political turmoil, natural disasters, and so on. These works were often created by writers who had been destroyed in war or political turmoil, lost their homes, loved ones, and lost their freedom. They used literature to express their pain, sadness, anger, fear, and other emotions in their hearts, expressing their pursuit and yearning for freedom, peace, human rights, and other values. The literature of the fall of Japan usually had a strong humane care and humanist spirit, reflecting people's cherish of life, yearning for freedom and pursuit of equality. It was the defense and embodiment of human dignity and value.
Local literature refers to literary works that mainly describe the life and fate of China's rural areas, usually focusing on farmers, land, family, friendship and other topics, emphasizing local and folk customs, which is one of the important components of Chinese literature. Local literature gradually rose in the second half of the 20th century. Under the influence of literary masters such as Lu Xun and Lao She, many classic works such as "Dream of the Red Chamber" and "Water Margins" emerged. In recent years, local literature has also received more and more attention. It is regarded as an important school of Chinese literature and has broad social significance.
The literary values refer to the values embodied in literary works, including moral values, social values, life values, aesthetic values, and so on. These values had an important influence on the readers 'understanding of the works and their feelings for the contents of the works. There were many types of literary values, including traditional moral concepts such as Confucianism and Taoism, as well as modern new moral concepts such as human rights, equality, freedom, and so on. In addition, literary values may also involve social and political issues such as class struggle, ethnic contradictions, historical traditions, etc. In literary works, the expression of literary values included the image of characters, the arrangement of plots, the style of language, and so on. And convey these values through language. When reading literary works, readers could understand through understanding the plot and analyzing the characters.