The Typological Patterns of English Literature and the Division of Literature Period
There are many different types of English literature, including romance, science fiction, history, drama, novels and so on. Romance novels are one of the most popular genre in English literature. They usually describe love stories, including love, marriage, betrayal, tragedy, and so on. The literary periods of English literature can be divided according to different standards. Generally speaking, English literature could be divided into two periods: medieval literature and modern literature. Medieval literature referred to novels, poems, and essays from the 14th century to the 18th century. Modern literature referred to the works after the 19th century, including romanticism, realism, symbolism, modernism, and other different literary schools. There are many different types of English literature, each with its own unique characteristics and style. Medieval literature depicted the history and religious life of British society, while modern literature reflected the style and changes of society at that time. Different literary periods have different literary schools and topics, allowing readers to feel the variety and richness of British literature.
The Division of the Schools of Literature in the Pre-Qin Period
The division of the pre-Qin literary schools usually included the following five main schools: 1. Confucian literature: mainly represented by the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, emphasizing moral education and humanism. 2. Taoist literature: with Laozi and Zhuangzi as the main representatives, they advocated the pursuit of nature and the essence of the universe, emphasizing "governing by inaction" and "following nature". 3. Legalism literature: Han Feizi and Shang Yang as the main representatives emphasized the rule of law and the will to power, emphasizing that personal interests should be subordinate to national interests. 4. Mohist literature: Mozi and his disciples 'words and deeds were the main representatives, advocating universal love, non-aggression, thrift, etc., emphasizing individual and collective interests. 5. Famous literature: Han Feizi and Hui Shi as the main representatives advocated the name, law, power, profit and so on, emphasizing the norms and influence of thought and behavior. These literary schools had their own characteristics in the Pre-Qin period, and they influenced each other and became one of the important periods in the history of Chinese literature.
The Division of Chinese Literature History
The history of Chinese literature could be divided into the following stages: 1. The period of classical literature (about 11th century B.C. to 12th century A.D.) 2. Yuan, Ming, and Qing novels (12th century to 19th century) 3. Modern Literature Stage (19th to 20th century) 4. Period of contemporary literature (20th century to present) The classical literature stage included the pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties; the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties included the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School novels, and the modern novels; the modern literature stage included the works of masters such as Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Mao Dun, and Shen Congwen; and the contemporary literature stage included modern Chinese literature, contemporary Chinese literature, and post-modern literature.
The Age Division of Western Literature
Western literature was usually divided into the following periods according to historical time: 1 Ancient Greek literature: 8th century B.C. to 6th century B.C., including Homer's epics "Iliad" and "Odessey". 2. Ancient Roman literature: 1st century AD to 3rd century AD, including works by Virgil, shakespeare, and dickens. 3. Medieval literature: from the 3rd century to the 15th century, including the Renaissance, Michelangelo and others, as well as Hawthorne, Henry Kilkegaard and others during the Religious Revolution. 4. Modern literature: From the 15th century to the 20th century, it included various literary schools such as the Renaissance, Baroque, Romanticism, Realism, Modern, and Post-Modern. 5. Literature after the 20th century: From the second half of the 20th century to the present, including the outstanding works of the 20th century, Faulkner, Calvino, Margaret Atwood, and current literary trends such as online literature, fantasy novels, etc.
The Division of Modern Chinese Literature
Modern and contemporary Chinese literature is usually divided into three parts: ancient literature, modern literature, and contemporary literature. Ancient literature referred to the literature from the pre-Qin period to the end of the Qing Dynasty, including the Book of Songs, the Book of History, the Spring and Autumn Annals, the Analects of Confucius, and the Book of Rites. Modern literature referred to the literary works from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the 1980s, including Lu Xun, Lao She, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Shen Congwen, Ding Ling, Zhang Ailing, Yang Jiang, etc. The contemporary literature referred to the literary works from the 1980s to the present, including Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Mai Jia, Lu Yao, Liu Sola, Jia Pingao, etc. The styles, subjects, and topics of these literary works were different. They were important periods and schools in the history of Chinese literature.
The Division of Modern Chinese Literature
Modern Chinese literature was divided into two stages: New Literature Movement (1915-1923) The New Literature Movement was the initial stage of modern Chinese literature and also an important period in the history of modern Chinese literature. The literary works of this period included Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Shen Congwen, etc. The literary works of this period mostly reflected the social reality and criticized the feudal system. The literary style was diverse and showed distinct personality and style characteristics. 2. The Vernacular Movement (1924-1949) The Vernacular Movement was another important period of modern Chinese literature and another milestone in the history of modern Chinese literature. The literary works of this period were mainly written in vernacular, including Lu Xun, Lao She, Shen Congwen, Ding Ling, Yang Jiang, Zhang Ailing, etc. The literary works of this period paid more attention to expressing thoughts and human nature. The language was concise and clear, which was more in line with the tastes of modern readers.
What are the characteristics of the literature of the Enlightenment period in the history of literature?
Enlightenment literature referred to a series of important literary movements that appeared in the history of European literature from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. These literary movements were distinguished by their emphasis on rationality, science, and democratic ideas against feudal superstition and autocracy. The following are some of the characteristics of Enlightenment literature: The Enlightenment emphasized the importance of human rationality and free will. Many literary works showed their admiration for rationality and logic. 2. Scientific spirit: During the Enlightenment period, people's understanding of nature and science gradually deepened. Many literary works showed respect for scientific methods and scientific knowledge. 3. Thoughts of democratism: The Enlightenment advocated for the concept of democratism and freedom. Many literary works showed their admiration for the concept of democratism and human rights. Romanticism: During the Enlightenment period, the romantic literary movement appeared. This literary style emphasized personal emotions and perceptual experience, pursuing the uniqueness and authenticity of literature. 5. Critical literature: During the Enlightenment period, many literary works showed criticism and reflection on the feudal system and autocracy, becoming important critical literary works in the history of literature. The literature of the Enlightenment period emphasized rationality, science, and democratic thoughts, pursued the uniqueness and authenticity of literature, and at the same time expressed criticism and reflection on the feudal system and autocracy. It was an important literary movement in the history of European literature.
In the history of western literature, what period of literature does not belong to classical literature?
There was no period in the history of Western literature that did not belong to the category of classical literature. Classic literature usually refers to ancient Greek literature, ancient Roman literature, and medieval literature. These literature are considered to be the origin and foundation of western literature. Even in modern Western literature, some works of literature are regarded as the inheritance and development of classical literature, such as the plays of shakespeare, the poems of the renaissance, and classical literature. Therefore, it could be said that almost all literature in the history of Western literature belonged to the category of classical literature.
The division of stages in the history of Chinese literature.
The history of Chinese literature is a literary treasure house with a long history. Its development process can be divided into many stages. The first stage was from the 11th century to the 6th century. The literary works of this period were mainly poems such as Guan Ju and 300 Poems. The second stage was from the 6th century B.C. to the 2nd century B.C. The literary works of this period were mainly the Songs of Chu, the earliest romantic poems in the history of Chinese literature. The third stage was the Yuefu Poetry of the Han Dynasty, from the 2nd century B.C. to 220 A.D. The literary works of this period were mainly Yuefu poems such as Song of Everlasting Regret and Song of Pipa. The fourth stage was the Tang Dynasty poetry era from 220 to 907. The literary works of this period were mainly Tang Dynasty poems such as Du Fu's Ascending and Bai Juyi's Song of Everlasting Regret. The fifth stage was the Song Dynasty literary era from 907 to 1279. The literary works of this period were mainly Song Dynasty literature such as Su Shi's Ode to the Red Cliff and Xin Qiji's Sapphire Case. The sixth stage was from 1279 to 1368. The literary works of this period were mainly Yuan novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Water Margins. The seventh stage was the prose era of the Ming Dynasty, from 1368 to 1644. The literary works of this period were mainly Ming Dynasty prose, such as Xu Wei's Travels of Xu Xiake and Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. The eighth stage was the Qing Dynasty literature era, from 1644 to 1911. The literary works of this period were mainly Qing Dynasty literature such as Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber and Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman. These stages were not absolute. There were also some overlapping and gradual relationships.
The specific time division of Song literature
Song literature referred to the literature of the Song Dynasty in Chinese history, which roughly covered the period from 960 to 1279 AD. In the long history of Song literature, there were many outstanding writers and works such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, Lu You, etc. Song literature was unique in its refreshing and natural style of writing, which focused on expressing emotions and thoughts, as well as artistic innovation and the emergence of literary schools.
The historical division of ancient Roman literature?
The history of ancient Roman literature can be traced back to the 4th century B.C., when the Roman Republic had already begun to develop. The following are some important historical events and literary achievements: 4th century B.C.: This period is also known as the first half of the 4th century B.C. or the early 4th century B.C. It is the first period of Roman literature. The literary works of this period were mainly poems, the most famous of which was the work of the 4th century B.C. poet, Epiminius. Late 4th century B.C.: The late 4th century B.C. was the second period of Roman literature, also known as the second half of the 4th century B.C. or the early 5th century B.C. The literary works of this period included comedies, tragedies, and novels. The most famous of them was the comedy of the 4th century B.C. 5th century B.C.: The 5th century B.C. was the third period of Roman literature, also known as the late 5th century B.C. or the early 6th century B.C. The literary works of this period included tragedies, comedies, epics, etc. The most famous was the work of the poet Virgil in the 5th century B.C. 6th century B.C.: The 6th century B.C. was the fourth period of Roman literature, also known as the late 6th century B.C. or the early 7th century B.C. The literary works of this period included poetry, prose, and philosophical works. The most famous of them was the work of the 6th century B.C. philosopher Palamas. 7th century B.C.: The 7th century B.C. was the fifth period of Roman literature, also known as the late 7th century B.C. or the early 8th century B.C. The literature of this period included novels, history, and legends. The most famous of them was from the 7th century B.C. 8th century B.C.: The 8th century B.C. was the sixth period of Roman literature, also known as the late 8th century B.C. or the early 9th century B.C. The literary works of this period included novels, plays, and poems. The most famous of them was the works of the poet Virgil in the 8th century B.C. 9th century B.C.: The 9th century B.C. was the seventh period of Roman literature, also known as the late 9th century B.C. or the early 10th century B.C. The literary works of this period included novels, plays, and poems, among which the most famous were from the 9th century B.C.