What are the Ten Great Tragedies of Chinese Classics and the Ten Great Tragedies of the World?
The Ten Great Tragedies of Chinese Classics and the Ten Great Tragedies of the World each have their names and brief contents as follows: The Ten Great Tragedies of Chinese Classics: 1. Dou E's Injustice-Guan Hanqing Dou E Yuan was a drama created by Guan Hanqing, a dramatist of the Yuan Dynasty. It was published in the tenth year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty (1582). The play was about a weak widow named Dou E. She was framed by a rogue and beaten by a fainted official. She confessed under torture and became a murderer. She was sentenced to behead in public. Before her execution, Dou E, full of grief and indignation, made three vows: Blood splashed on white silk, snow fell in June, and there was a drought for three years. As expected, Dou E's injustice moved the heavens and earth, and the three vows were fulfilled one by one. 2. Autumn in the Han Palace-Ma Zhiyuan Autumn in Han Palace was a drama created by Ma Zhiyuan, a writer in Yuan Dynasty. The play was about Emperor Hanyuan sending Mao Yanshou to the people to select palace maids. Mao Yanshou took the opportunity to accept bribes and fill his own pockets. Wang Zhaojun refused to bribe Mao Yanshou, so she was humiliated by Mao Yanshou and was banished to the cold palace. Later, Emperor Hanyuan visited the harem and happened to see Wang Zhaojun, so he loved her and granted her the title of Mingfei. Mao Yanshou knew that he could not escape punishment, so he went to the Xiongnu and presented Zhaojun's beautiful picture to Huhanye Chanyu, causing Huhanye Chanyu to ask Emperor Yuan for Zhaojun as his wife. If he did not obey, he would fight with the Xiongnu. The civil and military officials of the Han Dynasty were afraid of the Xiongnu and advised Emperor Yuan to bear the pain and give up his love and exchange beauty for peace. Emperor Yuan had no choice but to let Zhaojun leave the fortress and personally go to Baqiao to bid farewell. After Emperor Hanyuan returned to the palace, he was extremely sad. However, Zhaojun did not leave her native country and drowned herself in the Heilong River at the border of Han and Fan. 3. The Orphan of Zhao-Ji Junxiang The Orphan of Zhao was a play created by Ji Junxiang in the Yuan Dynasty. The play tells the story of Zhao Dun, a minister of the State of Jin, who was framed by General Tu Anjia during the Spring and Autumn Period. More than 300 people in his family were killed. In order to eliminate the root of the problem, Tu Anjia ordered a nationwide search for Zhao Wu, the orphan of the Zhao family. Cheng Ying, a guest of the Zhao family, and Gongsun Chujiu, an old minister, came up with a plan to rescue Zhao Wu. In order to save Zhao Wu, Princess Jin, Han Jue and Gongsun Chujiu sacrificed their lives one after another. Twenty years later, Zhao Wu was brought up by Cheng Ying. He knew all about the injustice and reported it to the monarch. He personally captured Tu Anjia and sentenced him to death. Finally, he avenged his family. 4. The Story of Pipa-Gao Zecheng The Story of Pipa was a southern opera created by Gao Ming, a opera writer at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. It was a classic in ancient Chinese opera and was known as the "ancestor of legends". It was about a scholar named Cai Bo, who wanted to live a happy life after marrying Zhao Wuniang, but his father, Cai Gong, refused. After being forced to take the exam, he was asked to marry the daughter of the prime minister. Although he was not allowed, Prime Minister Niu did not follow him. After becoming an official, his family encountered a famine and his parents died. He did not know about it. He missed his parents and wanted to resign and go home, but the court did not allow it. Zhao Wuniang begged all the way to the capital to find her husband. In the end, she finally found him and was reunited. 5. The Flag of Loyalty-Feng Menglong "The Flag of Loyalty" was about the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, who was murdered by the traitor Qin Hui. It was one of the more outstanding tragedies in Chinese classical opera. It was about the national hero of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, who was murdered by the traitor Qin Hui. After Yue Fei, Yue Ke was loyal and patriotic. He was determined to reverse the case for his ancestors. Later, he obtained evidence to reverse the case for Yue Fei. However, in order to save the face of the late emperor, he finally destroyed the evidence with blood. This move moved the current emperor to restore the reputation of the Yue family. Yue Ke inherited the filial piety of his ancestors and was famous in history. 6. "Jiao Hong Ji"-Meng Chengshun The Story of Jiao Hong was a legendary drama created by Meng Chengshun in the Ming Dynasty. The play tells the story of a scholar Shen Chun visiting his mother's uncle Wang Wenrui. He fell in love at first sight with Wang Wenrui's daughter, Jiao Niang, and made a secret agreement. Shen Fu sent matchmakers to the Wang family to propose marriage, but WenRui refused. Later, Shen Sheng's examination repeatedly reported good news, Wen Rui then allowed Shen Sheng and Jiao Niang marriage. The son of the giant eunuch Shuai Jie Zhen wanted to marry Jiao Niang, but WenRui actually changed Jiao Niang to Xu Shuai's son. Shen Sheng and Jiao Niang bid farewell. Pretty lady soon died of illness. Shen Sheng hanged himself, was rescued, and starved to death. Shen and Wang were buried together, and their souls turned into mandarin ducks and flew to the grave. 7. "Qing Zhong Pu"-Li Yu "Qing Zhong Pu" was a legendary drama created by Li Yu in the Qing Dynasty. It was published in the 17th year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1660). The play was about the struggle of the Donglin Party against the brutal rule of Wei Zhongxian and other eunuchs in the late Ming Dynasty. Wei Zhongxian controlled the government and acted arbitrarily. On the one hand, they roped in bureaucrats and politicians to be adopted sons, so that they could build shrines and statues everywhere to establish their prestige, while on the other hand, they indulged the party members to persecute the people and cause terror to the entire society. Donglin Party members Wei Kuo Tuan and Zhou Shunchang were indignant and accused the current politics. As a result, they were arrested and imprisoned. Suzhou citizen Yan Peiwei and the other five people, out of righteous indignation, gathered together to petition and destroy the West Censorate. In the end, they were all executed. Zhou Shunchang and other Donglin Party members were also tortured to death. When Chongzhen was in power, the Donglin Party was re-employed to defeat the Wei Party, so that the righteousness could be extended. 8. Longevity Palace-Hong Sheng The Palace of Eternal Life was a legendary play created by Hong Sheng, a playwrights in the early Qing Dynasty. It had two volumes. The play was finalized in the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688). The first half wrote about Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei, the oath of alliance in the Hall of Eternal Life, the chaos of An Shi, the rebellion of Mawei, and the death of Yang Guifei in the yellow sand. The second half was mostly taken from unofficial historical rumors. After the An Shi Rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong missed the imperial concubine and sent people to search for her soul everywhere. Yang Guifei also deeply missed Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty and repented for her sins during her lifetime. Their sincerity touched the heavens. With the help of Vega and the others, they finally reunited in the moon palace. 9. Peach Blossom Fan-Kong Shangren The Peach Blossom Fan was a legendary play written by Kong Shangren, a writer of the Qing Dynasty. It was completed in June of the 38th year of Kangxi's reign (1699) and published in the 47th year of Kangxi's reign (1708). The Peach Blossom Fan was a story that took place in Nanjing at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The whole play used Hou Fangyu and Li Xiangjun's joys and sorrows as the main line, showing the social reality of Nanjing in the late Ming Dynasty. At the same time, it also revealed the reason for the decline of the Hongguang regime, praised the national heroes and the people at the bottom who were loyal to the country, and showed the pain of the Ming Dynasty's demise. 10. Leifeng Pagoda-Fang Chengpei Leifeng Pagoda was a legendary play created by Fang Chengpei in the Qing Dynasty. It was published in the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1771). Leifeng Pagoda had a total of 34 chapters. It was about a white snake spirit who had cultivated for a thousand years. She became a beautiful woman because she was reluctant to leave the secular world. She came to Hangzhou and married a man named Xu Xuan. She pursued love and happiness wholeheartedly and had no intention of harming others. However, she was persecuted by some social forces and theocratic forces. In the end, she was finally suppressed by Zen Master Fahai under Leifeng Pagoda. The top ten classical tragedies of the world: Prometheus It was mainly about Prometheus, the great friend of mankind, who gave the tinder to mankind in order to help mankind live a warm and happy life. He did not hesitate to bear the cruel punishment of Zeus, the father of the gods. It expressed people's praise, admiration, and gratitude for Prometheus's heroic behavior. The main point of the story was that Prometheus brought fire to humans and taught them how to live with fire. He also endured the torture of Zeus and was always strong and unyielding. The article has a strong story, and the language is vivid and touching. 2. King Oedipus King Oedipus was a play written by the ancient Greek writer Sophocles and performed around 431 B.C. King Oedipus was a play based on the story of Oedipus killing his father and marrying his mother in Greek mythology. It showed the typical Greek tragic conflict--the conflict between man and fate. Oedipus was wise, loved his country, and was selfless. In the face of fate, he did not bow his head or beg, but rose up to resist and try to escape the prophecy of the "divine revelation." Then, he solved the banshee's riddle and eliminated the evil for the people. In the end, in order to save the people from the plague disaster, he desperately pursued the murderer of the former king. Once the truth was revealed, he bravely took responsibility and took the initiative to ask for his exile. 3. Medes (Ancient Greece, Eurepides) Media was a woman in Greek mythology, the daughter of King Aeetes of Colchis. She fell in love with Ison, the hero of the Argo, at first sight. She used magic to help Ison obtain the Golden Fleece and eloped with him. After Jason returned to China, he fell in love with someone else. Media was extremely angry. Her love turned into hatred. She killed the two children she had with Jason, poisoned Jason's new lover, and fled to Athens. 4. Othello Othello was one of the four tragedies by William shakespeare, written around 1603. The play was first performed at Whitehall Palace in London on November 1, 1604. In the novel, Othello was a brave general in the Duchy of Venice. He was in love with Desdemona, the daughter of the Senate. Because the age difference between the two was too big, the marriage was not allowed, so the two had to get married in private. Othello had a sinister Banner Officer Iago who wanted to get rid of Othello. He first told the elders about it, but unexpectedly, it led to their marriage. He also tried to sow discord between Othello and Desdemona, saying that Cassio, the other lieutenant, had an unusual relationship with Desdemona and forged a so-called love token. Othello believed it and strangled his wife in anger. When he learned the truth, he pulled out his sword and committed suicide, falling beside Desdemona. 5. Uncle Vanya (Chekhov, Russia) Uncle Vanya was a four-act rural life drama by the Russian playwrights Chekhov. The story took place in a farm in Russia. The owner of the farm, retired professor Serebryakov, returned to the countryside with his young and beautiful second wife, Yelena. Yelena's arrival also aroused the feelings of the farm manager, Uncle Vanya, and the village doctor, Astrov. Uncle Vanya, who regarded the professor as his idol, had been diligently running the farm for twenty-five years, supporting the professor's brother-in-law, and entrusting his youth and ideals to the professor. Unexpectedly, in the end, he found that the professor was just a selfish mediocrity. Uncle Vanya was so angry that he almost shot the professor. 6. Thunderstorm (Russia·Ostrovsky) The Thunderstorm was the masterpiece of the Russian playwrights A. N. Ostrovsky. Five tragic scenes. It was written in 1859, at the height of the anti-serfdom struggle in Russia. The heroine of the story, Kajelina, was innocent and kind, but she had lost her smile after marrying Kabanov because her mother-in-law insulted her all day and scolded her in front of her son. Kabanov obeyed his fierce mother and was content to find comfort in the wine glass. The lonely and helpless Kajelina often ran to the Volga River alone and cried bitterly. By the river, she met the young Boris, who was also often ridiculed by the elders. The two of them were in the same boat, and they developed from comforting each other to loving each other. Because she was afraid of God's punishment, Kajelina confessed to her mother-in-law and husband on her own accord. In return, she was beaten up. When Boris refused to help her, Kajelina's only option was to jump into the river. 7. Conspiracy and Love (Schiller, Germany) "Conspiracy and Love" was a famous play by Schiller, an outstanding 18th-century German dramatist. The story was about the daughter of a civilian musician, Louis, and the son of a prime minister, who were deeply in love. However, this love ended tragically in the death of the two under the strict hierarchy of society and the scheming of the palace. 8. Egmont (Goethe, Germany) Egmont was based on the history of the struggle of the Netherlandish people against Spain in the 16th century. The protagonist of the play, Count Egmont, was the commander of the Dutch National Revolution in the 16th century. He was one of the national heroes and leaders who rose up against the rule and oppression of the Spanish aliens and fought for national independence. Due to the betrayal of the Spanish governor in the Netherlands, he was arrested and sentenced to death. The play ended in tragedy. 9. Andromache (Racine, France) Andromache was the work of Jean Racine, the representative of classical tragedy. The play described the unity of Andromma's emotions and rationality. She missed him and wanted to be chaste for her dead husband. She loved her son and wanted to protect him. Her feelings were strong and unquestionable. At the same time, she was highly rational. When her pleading failed to move Pylos 'heart of stone, and her son was about to die under the Greek knife, she was determined to sacrifice her chastity to save her son's life. She promised to marry Pylos and asked him to take her son as his own after swearing an oath to help him rebuild the city of Troy. She was determined to commit suicide after Pylos took the oath to save her son and her chastity. 10. Cid (France Corneille) "Cid" was the first classic French drama based on Spanish history. In the story, Don Rodick and Schmanna were in love, but the lovers 'father quarreled over the king's choice of a master for the crown prince. When they did not get along, Schmanna's father simply slapped the other party. Don Rodick's father ran back home and told his son what had happened. His son was conflicted. He had to take revenge for his father, but the other party was the father of his lover. Did he want a father or a lover? Finally, he found Schmanna's father and killed his lover's father in a duel. Her own father had been killed by her lover, and Schmanna felt extremely conflicted. She made up her mind to ask the king to execute Don Rodick. Just as she made up her mind, Don Rodick held a sword in his hand and asked Schmanna to kill him. In the end, Don Rodick made a contribution in the battle against the Moors, and Schmanna forgave him because she loved him deeply.