Why was it said that Sima Qian had falsified and tampered with history in the Records of the Historian?
Sima Qian was a famous historian in Chinese history and one of the authors of the Chronicle of the Historian. When he compiled the Chronicle of the Historian, he had high requirements for the authenticity and accuracy of historical events. However, due to the political environment and various reasons at that time, Sima Qian had some problems with the historical records in the Records of the Historian. One of the problems was that Sima Qian might have fabricated or exaggerated some historical events when he recorded them. For example, in the Records of the Historian, he recorded the "curse of witchcraft" during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but there were certain exaggerations and intruths. In addition, Sima Qian's recording of some historical events might also be affected by political factors. For example, there might be some prejudice and misunderstanding in the description of the change of ancient dynasties and political struggles. The existence of these problems caused Sima Qian's historical records to have certain disputes and doubts. Some people believed that Sima Qian had distorted and misled the true face of ancient history by falsified and falsified history in the Records of the Historian. These errors and distortions in historical records had a profound impact on the development and research of ancient Chinese history. However, it should be pointed out that Sima Qian's work as a historian was based on a large amount of reliable historical information. Although there were some problems in the Records of the Historian, it was still an important part of ancient Chinese historical documents, which had an important impact on the historical research and development of later generations.
Who had Sima Qian's full version of the Records of the Historian?
Sima Qian's Records of the Historian could not be found because the Records of the Historian was a historical book written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. It was written between 1046 B.C. and 879 B.C. It was divided into 130 volumes and contained 3859 words. Because the book was not yet to be continued, no complete version had been passed down to this day. However, Sima Qian's " Records of the Historian " enjoyed a high reputation in the field of literature and history. It was translated into many languages and was widely used in literature, history, philosophy, and other fields.
When did Sima Qian write the Records of the Historian?
The Records of the Historian was written by Sima Qian during the Western Han Dynasty.
How to evaluate Sima Qian's Records of the Historian
Sima Qian's " Records of the Historian " was a historical biography written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty. It was hailed as the pinnacle of ancient Chinese history books and one of the most important documents in ancient China. "Records of the Historian" used historical events as clues to describe the characters, culture, geography, politics and other aspects of Chinese history in a comprehensive and detailed manner. At the same time, it combined a large number of myths and legends and Taoist thoughts to form a unique narrative style. From a literary point of view, Sima Qian's " Records of the Historian " was regarded as a classic work of ancient Chinese history books with extremely high literary and artistic value. Its narrative is smooth, the writing is beautiful, the characters are vivid, the plot is ups and downs, especially its rich and colorful myths and legends and Taoist ideas make it more literary and influential. At the same time, Records of the Historian was also an important part of ancient Chinese historical documents. It had important reference value for studying ancient Chinese history and culture. Generally speaking, Sima Qian's Records of the Historian is a classic work in ancient Chinese history books. It not only has extremely high literary value and historical value, but also an important part of ancient Chinese culture. It has important reference value for us to understand and study ancient Chinese history and culture.
What was Sima Qian's purpose in writing Records of the Historian?
There are many explanations for Sima Qian's purpose in writing Records of the Historian. The most common one is that he wrote Records of the Historian to summarize the important events and figures in Chinese history and provide a historical document for future generations to better understand and pass on Chinese history and culture. Sima Qian believed that history was an ever-changing process that needed to be continuously recorded and summarized in order for people to better understand the past, grasp the present, and look forward to the future. Therefore, when he wrote Records of the Historian, he not only paid attention to the political, economic, cultural and other backgrounds of the time, but also focused on recording the words and deeds, decisions, and influences of the characters so that future generations could better understand the thoughts, actions, and contributions of these characters. The Records of the Historian was regarded as a classic work of ancient Chinese history books. It had a profound influence on Chinese history, culture, and philosophy, and also provided important reference and reference for later literature, history, and philosophy.
Why did the Three Kingdoms say that Sima Qian's Records of the Historian was nonsense?
During the Three Kingdoms period, due to the political turmoil and the influence of war, social culture had undergone great changes. At this time, some scholars and politicians had different views on the study of history. Among them, Sima Qian's Records of the Historian was regarded as a work of great historical value. However, during the Three Kingdoms period, some politicians and scholars believed that Sima Qian's historical records had problems. One of the most famous discussions was about the dispute between Cao Cao and Sima Qian. Cao Cao once thought that Sima Qian's Records of the Historian contained many fabricated and exaggerated facts, and that his historical records were unreliable. Cao Cao's views caused dissatisfaction and refutation from many scholars at that time. They believed that Sima Qian's historical records were objective and true, and that the Records of the Historian had made great contributions to the study of ancient Chinese history. There were also some political figures and scholars who believed that Sima Qian's historical records had certain flaws. For example, the Prime Minister of Shu Han, Zhuge Liang, believed that Sima Qian's Records of the Historian had many mistakes and loopholes. However, these views were not widely accepted because historical research was a long-term process that required constant verification and inquiry.
Was the history recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Historian correct? Wouldn't that be more accurate?
Sima Qian's " Records of the Historian " was one of the most important historical works in ancient Chinese history. It was regarded as a classic work in Chinese history books. His research results and contributions to Chinese history, culture, society and other aspects had a profound impact on the study and development of ancient Chinese history. The question of whether the Records of the Historian was true or not had always been controversial and questioned. Although some scholars later re-studied and verified the Records of the Historian, there was still controversy about whether the historical facts recorded in the Records of the Historian were completely correct. However, from a historical point of view, as a classic work of Chinese history books, Records of the Historian had a profound impact on the study and development of ancient Chinese history. The historical facts recorded could be used as one of the important reference materials for the study of ancient Chinese history. As for the school-based version, it referred to a literary form that modified, processed, or rewritten the original work. In history, a school-based work usually refers to a historical work that is edited, rewritten, or deleted from the original work. For example, the " Records of the Historian " was a historical work that was edited, rewritten, or deleted from Sima Qian's " Records of the Historian." To a certain extent, the school-based version can correct and supplement the shortcomings of the original work to make it more accurate and complete. However, there may be problems with the revision and over-processing of the school, which will affect the authenticity and accuracy of its history. Therefore, when reading the book, it was necessary to combine the original work and other historical materials for comprehensive analysis and judgment.
Wang Chong, a writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, thought that the credibility of the Records of the Historian was very low. What evidence did he have to say that Sima Qian had tampered with history?
Wang Chong, a writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty (c. 100-c. 168), was one of the famous writers and philosophers in Chinese history. He proposed the idea of "seeking truth from facts", which was based on actual observation and evidence, and opposed subjective assumptions and exaggeration. Wang Chong believed that the credibility of the Records of the Historian was very low mainly because Sima Qian had some serious problems with distorting history when he wrote this historical masterpiece. To be specific, Wang Chong provided the following evidence: 1. Historical records are inaccurate. Wang Chong believed that Sima Qian had used some false historical records when writing the Records of the Historian. These records lacked evidence, resulting in a certain deviation between the description of historical events and the facts. There are contradictions in historical events. Wang Chong found that the historical events in the Records of the Historian were contradictory to the facts. Some of the descriptions of events did not match the historical facts. 3. There is a problem with the character evaluation. Wang Chong believed that Sima Qian's evaluation of historical figures in the "Records of the Historian" was biased and subjective. Some of the descriptions of the characters did not match the historical facts. In summary, Wang Chong believed that the credibility of the Records of the Historian was low. Sima Qian had seriously tampered with history when he wrote this historical masterpiece.
When did Sima Qian officially start writing Records of the Historian?
According to the preface to the first volume of the Records of the Historian, Sima Qian began writing the Records of the Historian in 121 B.C.
The Records of the Historian was written by Sima Qian, who had been castrated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Why did he allow the Records of the Historian to be passed down to the world?
The Records of the Historian was a historical work written by Sima Qian. It recorded historical events and figures from the ancient times to the Western Han Dynasty. When Sima Qian was writing the Records of the Historian, he was ordered to be castrated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he was dissatisfied with the political events and figures of the time. However, Sima Qian did not give up writing because of this. Instead, he relied on his talent and perseverance to continue writing the historical records. Although Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty punished Sima Qian, he was an outstanding historian and attached great importance to the writing of historical records. After the historical records were completed, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered them to be passed down to the world, not only to preserve history, but also to spread Sima Qian's reputation. At the same time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also gave Sima Qian a generous reward so that he could continue to serve in the imperial court. Therefore, Sima Qian was able to continue writing the Records of the Historian despite being castrated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mainly because of his talent and perseverance, as well as the recognition and reward of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for his achievements.
What did Lu Xun call Sima Qian's Records of the Historian?
Sima Qian's Records of the Historian was called " The First Book in the History of Chinese Fictions " by Lu Xun.