Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of China's feudal culture for more than 2,000 years because of many reasons. In addition to the core values of Confucianism such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith, there were also moral concepts and life attitudes emphasized by Confucianism such as "learning and learning from time to time" and "worrying about the world before the world's happiness". Although Mohism, Taoism, Legalism, etc. also had a certain influence, the core values they emphasized were not exactly the same as Confucianism, so they could not become the orthodox thoughts of China's more than 2,000 years of feudal culture.
The main contents of the political theories of Confucianism, Legalism, Taoism, and Mohism were as follows: The main content of Confucian political theory: Confucianism believes that politics is to achieve social order and people's happiness. The Confucian political philosophy included core values such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and faith. It also proposed moral norms such as "the monarch is the subject's guide" and "the father is the son's guide". Confucian political theory emphasized that the government should think for the people, respect the will of the people, maintain social stability, and advocate the "golden mean", which was the political principle of moderation. 2. The main content of Taoist political theory: Taoism believes that politics is to maintain social order and balance. The political philosophy of Taoism included core values such as "governing by inaction" and "following nature". It also proposed the political principle of "governing by inaction", that is, the government should respect public opinion and not interfere too much with society, allowing society to adjust itself. Daoist political theory also emphasized the political principle of "following the laws of nature", that is, the government should comply with the laws of nature and avoid excessive interference in society. 3. The main content of Mohism's political theory: Mohism believes that politics is to achieve justice and morality. The political ideas of the Mohist school included the core values of "universal love, non-aggression, and thrift". They also proposed the political principles of "three immortality", namely, immortal career, immortal personality, and immortal morality. Mohist politics also emphasized the political principle of "respecting the virtuous and using the capable", that is, the government should select talented people to play their role. The main content of Legalism's political theory: Legalism believes that politics is to achieve national prosperity and social order. The political ideas of Legalism included the core values of "law as the foundation of politics" and "a country ruled by law". They also put forward the political theory of "Legalism".
Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, and militarism all had their own periods, ideas, and works. Confucianism advocated "benevolent government" and "governing the country with benevolence". Its founder was Confucius, whose representative works included "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Great Learning." Taoism advocated "governing by doing nothing" and "Tao follows nature". Its founder was Lao Tzu, whose representative works include Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi. Mohism advocated "universal love" and "non-aggression". Its founder was Mozi, whose representative works include "Mozi Sutra" and "Mohist Words and Deeds Record". Legalism advocated the rule of law and governing the country according to law. Its founder was Han Feizi. His representative works include Han Feizi and Han Feizi: Legalism. The militarists advocated the art of war, and their founder was Sun Tzu. His masterpieces included Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Tzu's Art of War. These ideas and works were reflected in different historical periods and different cultural backgrounds, and there were also complementary and conflicting situations between them.
If China adopted Taoism as orthodox thinking, it might have a profound impact on Chinese history and culture. Taoism originated from the Spring and Autumn Period of China, and its founder was Lao Tzu. Taoism advocated the pursuit of the way of nature. It believed that all things in the world followed the laws of nature, and human beings should follow the laws of nature to achieve the goal of living in harmony. If China adopted Taoism as orthodox thinking, it might emphasize that people should remain humble, tolerant, and respectful of the existence of nature and the universe. This thought may have influenced the ethics, morality, and politics of ancient China and promoted the development of Chinese civilization. Taoism also had a profound influence on Chinese culture and art. For example, Chinese paintings and calligraphy usually emphasized the symbolic meaning of nature and the universe to express people's pursuit and reverence for the beauty of nature. If China adopted Taoism as the orthodox ideology, it might leave a deep mark on Chinese culture and art. However, there were also some disputes and criticisms about Taoism. For example, the emphasis on individual freedom and the idea of governing by inaction might conflict with the values of modern society. Therefore, China's acceptance of Taoism as orthodox thinking may also bring some challenges and controversy.
Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius, Xunzi Representative figures: Confucius advocated benevolence, propriety, and the golden mean. Mencius advocated that human nature was originally good. Xunzi advocated that human nature was originally evil and human nature was purified. Thought point: Confucianists emphasize the goal of purifying human nature through education. They believe that human nature is not immutable and needs to be changed and shaped through education so that people can become moral, responsible, and responsible people. Daoism: Laozi, Zhuangzi Representative figures: Lao Tzu advocated Tao, governing by inaction, and Taoism was natural. Zhuang Zi advocated freedom and spiritual freedom. " Thoughts: Taoism advocates the pursuit of nature, compliance with nature, and transcendence of nature. It believes that people should give up excessive efforts and persistence and return to nature in order to achieve the goal of spiritual freedom and physical freedom. Legalism: Han Feizi, Shang Yang Representative: Han Feizi advocated the rule of law, severe punishment, and the rule of law. Shang Yang advocated reform, system reform, and the implementation of the rule of law. The Legalism School emphasized the use of legal means to govern the country. They believed that the law was the foundation of governing the country and ensuring stability. They must strictly enforce the law and abide by the law to achieve political stability and social prosperity through powerful legal means. Mohism: Mozi Representative figures: Mozi advocated universal love, non-aggression, and thrift. He believed that people should care for each other, love each other, and not attack the enemy. At the same time, he emphasized saving expenses and opposing waste. Mohism emphasized that people should take love and peace as the starting point, oppose war and violence, and advocate peaceful means to resolve disputes and conflicts.
Who were the founders of Legalism, Mohism, Confucianism, Taoism, and militarism? The founders of Legalism were Han Feizi and Shang Yang. The founder of Mohism was Mozi. The founders of Confucianism were Confucius and Mencius. The founder of Taoism was Laozi. The founders of the militarists were Sun Wu and Wu Qi.
The introduction of Confucianism into the law referred to the introduction of Confucianism into the development of ancient Chinese law. The moral spirit of Confucianism was integrated into laws and decrees, making feudal law have the nature of ethical law. The process of Confucianization included the application of Confucianism in the practice of law, law, and justice, as well as the conviction and judgment guided by Confucianism. The specific manifestations of Confucianism included the "eight discussions" system, the "official duty" system, the "five uniforms to make crimes" and the "ten felonies". Through the method of using the classics to decide cases and introducing etiquette into the law, Confucianism was implemented in the entire process of law enforcement, making Confucianism the basic principle and soul of each legal department. The Confucianization of Chinese law was initiated by Dong Zhongshu and others, and it went through the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. The influence of Confucianism was far-reaching, forming the characteristic of combining etiquette and law. Generally speaking, Confucianism was an important school of thought in the development of ancient Chinese law.
Confucianism: Confucius advocated benevolent government and advocated Confucianism. Mohism: Mozi advocated "universal love" and "non-aggression" and advocated Mohism. Tao: Lao Tzu advocated that "Tao begets one, one begets two, two begets three, and three begets all things." He advocated Taoism. Law: Han Feizi advocated that Legalism emphasized the authority and fairness of the law. Soldiers: Sun Tzu advocated that "soldiers have no fixed momentum and water has no fixed shape" and advocated Sun Tzu's thought.
The representative of Confucianism, Confucius, Taoism, Laozi, Yinyang, Han Feizi, Legalism, Yang, Mingjia, Mohism, Mozi, Zongheng, Zhuangzi, Eclectics, Russell, and Mencius. Lu Xun, the representative of novelists.
The cast list for the movies included Zuo Sen, Xu Juncong, Wang Xiaoxi, Zhong Yi, Xu Chenglin, and Zhang Dajing.
There was no Hongjun in orthodox Taoism. In Taoism, Hongjun was one of the celestial beings in Buddhism, described as the creator and protector of the universe. Although Hongjun existed in Taoism, he was not a real person, but a mythical figure.