Short answer questions: 1. A brief description of the artistic achievements of the Book of Songs; 2. A brief description of the process of writing the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems in China. It contains 409 poems from the Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. to the 6th century B.C.). The artistic achievements of The Book of Songs were mainly reflected in language, rhythm, artistic conception and so on. Among them, the language of the Book of Songs was concise and bright, rich in music, and many poems had the characteristics of rhyme, such as Guan Ju and Jian Jia. At the same time, the Book of Songs also paid attention to expressing the emotions and inner thoughts of the characters, displaying rich characters and profound philosophy of life. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a great work in the history of Chinese literature. The author is the Ming Dynasty novelist Luo Guanzhong. The novel narrates the political struggles and military conflicts between Shu Han, Wu and Wei during the Three Kingdoms period, depicting many brave characters and wonderful plots. The process of writing the book mainly went through the following stages: - Founding Stage: At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Luo Guanzhong began to write Romance of the Three Kingdoms and referred to many historical materials and literary classics. - Maturity stage: Romance of the Three Kingdoms was finally written in 1928 and published for the first time in 1929. - Perfection stage: In 1949, Romance of the Three Kingdoms was adapted into a TV series and became a classic in the history of modern Chinese literature. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with its rich historical background, profound characters and wonderful plots, became a masterpiece in the history of Chinese literature and had a profound impact on Chinese culture.

Ancient Greek literature was one of the foundations of Western culture. - The Iliad and the Odysey were the most famous epics of ancient Greece and were considered the founding works of Western literature. - The founder of the ancient Greek tragedy and comedy was the mentor of Alexander the Great, the ancient Greek philosopher Homer. - The representative work of ancient Greek drama was the collection of plays by Heathistles, which included classic works such as the Divine Comedy, the Iliad, and the Odey. - Ancient Greek poetry was also very successful. Famous poets included Agamemnon, Phidias, and Apollonius. - Ancient Greek philosophy had a profound influence on western thought, culture and religion. The most famous philosophers were socrates, plato and aristotle.

Lu Xun's artistic achievements in his novels were mainly reflected in his novel creation methods and the creation of characters. Through his vivid language and vivid description, he portrayed the characters with flesh and blood so that the readers could deeply feel the social reality and the distortion of human nature in the novel. At the same time, Lu Xun's novels also contained some profound thoughts that had a profound impact on the society and people at that time. The main characteristics of modern poetry include the pursuit of concise language, profound artistic conception, and freedom of form. Modern poetry originated in the early 20th century, with the French symbolist poet, Jean Jacques Rouseau, as the pioneer. It mainly included several schools such as realism, post-realism, and modernism. These poets pursued innovation in the form of poetry and often used the form, image and metaphor of free poetry to pursue conciseness, freshness, naturalness and expressiveness in language. The main content of " The History of Pioneering " included: The protagonist Liu Bang led the peasant army uprising to establish the Han Dynasty after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang was good at making use of the people's hearts and implemented a series of reform measures, such as the implementation of the land system and tax system, strengthening the management of the army, training and promoting agriculture and handicraft industry, which gradually made the Han Dynasty strong. At the same time, Liu Bang also faced various challenges and difficulties, such as the struggle with Xiang Yu, Cao and other forces, and the war with Xiongnu. However, he persisted in his beliefs and continued to fight until he finally became one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history.

Mao Dun was a famous novelist and literary theorist in modern China. His early novels were full of realism and romanticism, which had high artistic value. Mao Dun's early masterpieces include Disillusionment, Corrosion and Regret for the Past. These works described the real situation of Chinese society at that time, showing the good and evil of human nature and the contradictions, as well as the struggles and struggles of people in the face of reality. At the same time, Mao Dun's novels were full of romantic emotions and artistic conception. He portrayed many characters to make readers feel a deep emotional resonance. Mao Dun's literary works were deeply loved by readers and had a far-reaching influence. His novels enjoyed a high reputation not only in China but also in the world of literature. Among them, Midnight was regarded as a classic of modern Chinese novels, which had a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese literature. Mao Dun's early novels had outstanding artistic achievements and were the precious wealth of modern Chinese literature.

Ernest was the most famous American in the 20th century. His artistic style was unique and distinct. Ernest's works usually presented a simple, calm, introverted style, paying attention to details and lines. He was good at using concise language and a small number of words to express profound thoughts and emotions. His works often had a depressing atmosphere, reflecting the tension and contradictions of American society. Ernest's works were also highly praised by literary critics as the founder of modern American literature. His masterpieces, including The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, won Pulitzer Prizes or other literary awards.

Ulysses was a long novel by Joyce of the United Kingdom and was hailed as one of the masterpieces of 20th-century literature. The unique artistic style of this novel was mainly manifested in the following aspects: Joyce used the "stream of consciousness" narrative technique to interweave the thoughts and emotions of many characters in the novel through a non-linear narrative method to form a unique narrative style. This kind of narrative made the characters 'actions and thoughts in the novel unclear and full of confusion and contradictions. The novel is full of philosophical and religious thoughts. Through the dialogue and thinking of the characters in the novel, Joyce explored the meaning of human existence, the passage of time, truth and belief, and expressed his thoughts and views on religion and philosophy. The novel is full of humor and irony. Joyce used a lot of humor and satire in the novel, such as some exaggerated descriptions of characters in the history of English literature, which made the novel full of humor and satire. The novel is full of thoughts and reflections on life. Through the description of the characters in the novel and the historical events, Joyce expressed his thoughts and reflections on life and emphasized the short and precious life, which made people cherish time and life more. The unique artistic style of Ulysses is expressed in narrative, philosophical thinking, humor and irony, which makes the novel full of unique literary charm and value.

'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic work of Chinese classical literature and was hailed as a monumental work in the history of Chinese novels. Its artistic achievements were mainly manifested in the following aspects: 1. Character Creation: Through the creation of the characters of the Jia, Wang, Xue, and Shi families, Dream of the Red Chamber has successfully created many characters that resonate with the readers. 2. Narration skills: "Dream of the Red Chamber" adopted the chapter system. Each chapter narrates from a different character's point of view to make the plot more compact and the story more coherent. At the same time, the author also used a lot of symbolism and metaphor to make the narrative more profound and philosophical. 3. literary and artistic style: Dream of the Red Chamber has a unique literary style. It shows the essence of Chinese traditional literature with graceful, delicate and profound strokes. At the same time, the author also used a lot of painting, calligraphy and other artistic forms to make the work more colorful. 4. Thought Connotation: "Dream of the Red Chamber" reveals the dark reality of feudal society through the description of the four families of Jia, Wang, Xue and Shi. It probes into the philosophical issues of human nature, love, family and friendship, which have important thought and cultural implications. "Dream of the Red Chamber" in the narrative, character creation, literary style, ideology and other aspects of high artistic value, is a classic of Chinese classical literature, but also one of the treasures in the history of world literature.

'Dream of the Red Chamber' was a classic work of Chinese classical literature and an important chapter in the history of world literature. This novel depicted the rise and fall of the four families of Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the main line, depicting the life of an illusory and delicate feudal dynasty family. His artistic achievements were mainly in the following aspects: 1. Unique narrative style: "Dream of the Red Chamber" uses the combination of novel narration and poetry narration to create "joint","virtual" narration and other narrative techniques to make the plot of the novel more winding, vivid and increase the artistic appeal of the novel. 2. Delicate psychological description: "Dream of the Red Chamber" shows the complexity and variety of human nature through the description of the inner world of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai and other characters, making the novel more profound and artistic value. 3. Exquisite character image: The character image in Dream of the Red Chamber is very delicate. Through the description of the character's expression, movement, language and other details, it shows the character's personality characteristics and emotional changes, making the character image more real and vivid. Rich cultural content: Dream of the Red Chamber is not only a novel describing the feudal society, but also a novel that reflects the traditional Chinese culture, thoughts, and values. Through the description of the lives, thoughts and concepts of different characters and families, the novel reflects the variety and uniqueness of Chinese traditional culture and also shows the deep level of human nature.

Dostoevsky was the most outstanding and famous author of the 19th century Russian novel, Crime and Punishment. His thoughts were complicated. He had deep religious beliefs and was dissatisfied with and critical of social reality. In literature, Dostoevsky's works deeply reflected his concern about social injustice, moral decay, and human distortion. The violence, desire, pain, torture and other elements that often appeared in his works reflected his deep exploration and thinking of human nature. At the same time, his works were also full of reflections and criticisms of religious beliefs, as well as thoughts on morality and human nature. Dostoevsky's representative works include Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, White Night Journey, etc. His works have been translated into many languages and have a wide range of readers and influence around the world. In addition to his literary achievements, Dostoevsky was also an outstanding philosopher. His thoughts were deeply influenced by Western philosophy, and at the same time, he had a profound religious experience and thinking. He put forward the concept of "human liberation" and believed that human beings should get rid of the shackles of feudalism and religion to achieve freedom and liberation. His ideas had a profound impact on the development of the Russian revolution and the ideology of the country. Dostoevsky was a man with profound thoughts and exquisite literature. His works and thoughts had a profound impact on Russian culture and world literature.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were an important period in ancient Chinese history, and they had remarkable achievements in the arts. During this period, painting, sculpture, calligraphy and other art forms were fully developed, showing unique styles and characteristics. In terms of painting, the artists of the Sui and Tang Dynasties created many paintings with unique styles. For example, the series of Landscape Paintings created by the Tang Dynasty painter Wang Wei demonstrated the unique style of landscape painting in the Tang Dynasty and the painter's deep understanding and ability to express natural landscapes. Another Tang Dynasty painter, Zhang Zeduan, created the Painting of Along the River During the Qingming Festival, which was a masterpiece that showed the social style of that time and had high artistic value. In terms of sculpture, the sculptures of the Sui and Tang Dynasties showed strong characteristics of the times and artistic value. For example, the Buddhist sculptures of the Tang Dynasty showed the high achievements of Buddhist art in the Tang Dynasty through fine carving and perfect form. At the same time, the sculptures of aristocrats in the Tang Dynasty also showed the unique style and characteristics of the aristocratic life at that time. In terms of calligraphy, the calligraphers of the Sui and Tang Dynasties created many works with unique styles. For example, Ouyang Xun, a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, created the "Nine-fold Palace Altar Spring Inscription", which showed Ouyang Xun's deep calligraphy skills and deep understanding of Chinese characters. Another Tang Dynasty calligrapher, Yan Zhenqing, created the "Sacrificial Nephew Manuscript", which showed Yan Zhenqing's love and pursuit of calligraphy art. The art achievements of the Sui and Tang Dynasties were rich and colorful, showing the unique charm and achievements of ancient Chinese art. These works not only had high artistic value, but also had a profound impact on later generations of artistic creation.