A Madman's Diary was a classic work in the history of modern Chinese literature. The author was Lu Xun, a master of modern Chinese literature. The novel narrates the protagonist Fang Hongjian's mental journey in a state of madness in the first person. At the beginning of the novel, Fang Hongjian found that he was no longer an ordinary Chinese but a "madman". He felt that his life was full of absurdity and despair. He began a journey full of exploration and adventure, trying to find his true identity and meaning. In the novel, Fang Hongjian encountered many different people and events. He experienced the indifference of society, the distortion of human nature, and the injustice of the system. Through his experience and thinking, the novel reveals many problems in modern Chinese society, including the corruption of the feudal system and the distortion of human nature. At the end of the novel, Fang Hongjian finally found his true identity and meaning. He realized that only through resistance and reform could he save China's future. The novel profoundly reflects Lu Xun's concern and criticism of Chinese society and is regarded as one of the important works in the history of modern Chinese literature.