The former memorial was a memorial written by Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of Shu Han, to Liu Bei during the Three Kingdoms period. It expressed his loyalty to Liu Bei and his loyalty to his career. It was also the result of his report to Liu Bei. The following is the original text and translation of the former teacher's memorial: ``` The late emperor died halfway through his career, and now the world is divided into three parts. Yizhou is exhausted. This is really a critical time for survival. However, the ministers who guard the court are not tired of the court, and the loyal people forget themselves outside. This is because they want to repay the special treatment of the former emperor to Your Majesty. It is really necessary to open up the emperor's mind to carry forward the great virtue left by the former emperor and the spirit of people with lofty ideals. It is not appropriate to belittle oneself and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. The palace and the government are one. It is not appropriate to distinguish between good and bad. Those who commit crimes and violate the law and those who are loyal and good should be handed over to the relevant departments for punishment and reward, so as to show that Your Majesty's fair and wise governance should not be biased and make the law different inside and outside. Shi Zhong, Shi Lang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. are all honest, loyal and pure, so the late emperor selected them and gave them to Your Majesty: I think that everything in the palace, no matter how big or small, can be consulted and then implemented, which will certainly help to fill the gaps and make up for the mistakes. General Xiang Chong's character is gentle and fair, and he is familiar with military affairs. He has never been dispatched, so he thinks he is more intelligent than others. I hope Your Majesty will rectify the throne and treat the people of the four directions to win the hearts of the people. We should not belittle ourselves and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. Bodyguard ministers do not give up at home, loyal people forget themselves outside, this is because they want to repay the special treatment of the former emperor to Your Majesty. It is really necessary to open up the emperor's mind to carry forward the great virtue left by the former emperor and the spirit of people with lofty ideals. It is not appropriate to belittle oneself and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. The palace and the government are one. It is not appropriate to distinguish between good and bad. Those who commit crimes and violate the law and those who are loyal and good should be handed over to the relevant departments for punishment and reward, so as to show that Your Majesty's fair and wise governance should not be biased and make the law different inside and outside. Shi Zhong, Shi Lang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. are all honest, loyal and pure, so the late emperor selected them and gave them to Your Majesty: I think that everything in the palace, no matter how big or small, can be consulted and then implemented, which will certainly help to fill the gaps and make up for the mistakes. General Xiang Chong's character is gentle and fair, and he is familiar with military affairs. He has never been dispatched, so he thinks he is more intelligent than others. I hope Your Majesty will rectify the throne and treat the people of the four directions to win the hearts of the people. We should not belittle ourselves and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. Bodyguard ministers do not give up at home, loyal people forget themselves outside, this is because they want to repay the special treatment of the former emperor to Your Majesty. It is really necessary to open up the emperor's mind to carry forward the great virtue left by the former emperor and the spirit of people with lofty ideals. It is not appropriate to belittle oneself and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. The palace and the government are one. It is not appropriate to distinguish between good and bad. Those who commit crimes and violate the law and those who are loyal and good should be handed over to the relevant departments for punishment and reward, so as to show that Your Majesty's fair and wise governance should not be biased and make the law different inside and outside. Shi Zhong, Shi Lang Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. are all honest, loyal and pure, so the late emperor selected them and gave them to Your Majesty: I think that everything in the palace, no matter how big or small, can be consulted and then implemented, which will certainly help to fill the gaps and make up for the mistakes. General Xiang Chong's character is gentle and honest. He is familiar with military affairs. He has never been dispatched. He thinks he is more intelligent than others. I hope Your Majesty will rectify the throne and treat the people of the four directions to win the hearts of the people. He should not belittle himself and use improper words to block the way of loyal remonstrance. ``` ```