Bronze ware was one of the important symbols of ancient Chinese civilization. The representative works of each period had their own characteristics. The following are some of the bronzes from the main periods and their representative works: - Shang Dynasty (16th century B.C. -11th century B.C.): The bronze wares of the Shang Dynasty were exquisitely made, including Jue, Wei, Ding, Gu, etc. Among them, the most famous representative works were the "Dading" and "Jue" in the oracle bone inscriptions of the late Shang Dynasty. - Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century B.C. -771 B.C.): The bronze ware making techniques of the Western Zhou Dynasty were more mature. The representative works included "Ding","You","Gong", etc. - The Spring and Autumn Warring States Period (770 - 221 B.C.): The bronzeware of the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period was more refined, and the representative works included "Ding","Gu","Jue", etc. - Qin Dynasty (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): The bronzes of the Qin Dynasty were mainly concentrated under the unified and central system. The representative works included the "Taihe Ding" and the "Qin Gong Bell". - Han Dynasty (220 - 28 AD): The level of bronze ware production in the Han Dynasty gradually improved. The representative works include "Jue","Yu","Ding" and so on. - Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD): The bronze craftsmanship of the Tang Dynasty reached its peak, and its representative works included "Bronze Drum" and "Incense Burner". - Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 AD): The bronze ware of the Song Dynasty gradually decreased. The representative works include "bronze ware" and "bronze Buddha statue". - Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644 AD): The bronze craftsmanship of the Ming Dynasty was still exquisite, including "Bronze Kettle" and "Bronze Lion". These are just some of the main periods and representative works of bronze ware production. In fact, bronze ware has a long history and important role in Chinese history. Every period has its own unique representative works.
The pre-Qin literature, including the representative works of the various schools of thought during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, included: 1. Confucian classics: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Da Xue, The Doctrine of the mean, etc. 2. Taoist Classics: Tao Te Ching, Chuang Tzu, Xiaoyao You, etc. 3. Legalism Classics: Han Feizi, Shang Jun Shu, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, etc. 4. Mohist Classics: Mozi, Hundred Schools of Thought, etc. 5 Classics: Gongsun Longzi, On the White Horse, etc. 6. Yin-Yang School Classics: Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic, Yin-Yang School, etc. 7 Military classics: Sun Tzu's Art of War, Wu Tzu's Art of War, etc. In addition, the Pre-Qin literature also included some prose, poetry, Fu, and other works such as the Book of Songs, the Songs of Chu, and the Yuefu Za Qu.
The Legend of the Tang Dynasty was a form of ancient Chinese literature. It mainly narrated the stories of the characters in the Tang Dynasty. The divisions of the Legend of Tang were mainly divided according to the plot and theme of the story. The Legend of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907): It mainly narrates some political events and stories of people, such as the Legend of Liu Yi and the Peony Pavilion, with the period of Emperor Xuanzong and Emperor Ming of Tang as the background. 2. The Legend of the Middle Tang Dynasty (907 - 960): It mainly tells the stories of some characters in the late Tang Dynasty, such as the Legend of the White Snake and Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio. The Legend of the Late Tang Dynasty (960 - 997): It mainly tells the stories of some characters in the late Tang Dynasty, such as the Biography of Huo Xiaoyu and the Water Margins. The Legend of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 - 979): It mainly tells the stories of some characters in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, such as Water Margins and Journey to the West. 5 Legend of the Song Dynasty (1078 - 1279): It mainly tells the stories of some characters in the Song Dynasty, such as the Legend of the White Snake and the Dream of the Red Chamber. Among the representative works of these periods, the representative works of the legendary Tang Dynasty were Liu Yi and The Peony Pavilion; the representative works of the legendary Mid-Tang Dynasty were The Legend of the White Snake and Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio; the representative works of the legendary Late Tang Dynasty were Huo Xiaoyu and Water Margins; and the representative works of the legendary Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms were Water Margins and Journey to the West. These works not only had high artistic value in the plot and characters, but also had a unique charm in the literary style and expression.
The development of western music could be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, followed by the medieval period, the Renaissance and Baroque period, the romantic period and the classical period. The following is a brief history of Western music in different periods of development, the styles of works in each period, as well as the lives and representative works of the main composer: Ancient Greece and Rome (6th century B.C. to 3rd century A.D.): - Ancient Greek music mainly originated from the Aegean Sea coastal areas, mainly with sacrificial music. - Roman music was the successor of ancient Greek music and became the foundation of European classical music. Middle Ages (3rd century to 15th century): - Medieval music was characteristic of strong rhythms and heavy sound, emphasizing the social and political significance of music. - The styles of his works include medieval folk songs, church music, epic music, and so on. - The main composer included: Bach, Franz Schubert, Wolfgang Mendelssohn, etc. Renaissance (15th century to 17th century): - The music of the Renaissance was characteristic of the restoration of the music traditions of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing the humanism and naturalism of music. - The styles of his works include classical music, folk music, and opera from the Renaissance. - The main composer included: Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, etc. Baroque period (17th century to 18th century): - Baroque music was complex and varied, rich in sound, and complex in rhythm. - The styles of his works include Baroque classical music, religious music, folk music, and orchestral music. - The main composer included Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, etc. Romanticism (18th century to 19th century): - Romanticism was a style of music that emphasized emotion and personality, using many new musical forms and instruments. - The styles of his works include: romantic classical music, folk music, guitar music, etc. - The main composer included: Chopin, Schubert, Einstein, Debussy, etc. Classics (19th century): - The characteristics of classical music were the pursuit of balance, balance, and rigor, emphasizing the rationality and objectiveness of music. - Styles of works include: classical music, romantic classical music
Chinese classical literature has a long history and many outstanding representative figures and works have emerged in different historical periods. The following are some representative characters and works: 1. Pre-Qin period: Confucius, Mencius, Mozi, Xunzi, Han Feizi and other philosophers; Classic works such as The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, and The Book of Changes. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties: Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Wang Chong, Cao Zhi, Li Bai, Du Fu and other writers; Records of the Historian, Han Shu, Han Shu of the Later Han Dynasty, Records of the Three Kingdoms and other historical books. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Wang Xizhi, Wang Xianzhi, Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Liu Zongyuan, Yang Wanli and other writers; History books such as Jin Shu, Southern and Northern Dynasties Shu, Tang Shu, Song Shu, Qi Shu, Liang Shu, etc. 4 Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu, Yang Wanli and other writers; History books such as Tokyo Menghua Lu, Mengxi Bitan, Song History, Yuan History, etc. 5 Modern era: Lu Xun, Lao She, Ba Jin, Cao Yu, Zhang Ailing and other writers; Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and other classic literary works. These are just some of the representative figures and works in Chinese classical literature. There are many other outstanding figures and works such as The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu, Water Margins, Journey to the West, etc.
The Xia Dynasty bronze ware was an important stage in the development of ancient Chinese bronze ware. We can get some information about the Xia Dynasty bronzes. The types of Xia Dynasty bronzes mainly included containers (such as Jue, Bi, Bi, Ding), weapons (such as cluster, Ge, Qi), tools (such as adze, chisel, awl, knife, fish hook), copper bells, and turquoise inlaid ornaments. The bronze ware of the Xia Dynasty was generally small, rough and thin, similar to the pottery of the same period. The decorative features of the Xia Dynasty bronzes were mainly round dots, round cake-shaped bumps, and geometric patterns. There were also some animal head ornaments inlaid with turquoise. The most common pattern on Xia Dynasty bronze ware was the nail pattern, which reflected the aesthetic tendency of Xia people. The ruins of the bronze casting workshop and the bronze ware unearthed in the Xia Dynasty indicate that the Xia Dynasty was an important stage in the development of bronze ware in China. However, the search results provided did not have any specific pictures or introductions of the Xia Dynasty bronzes.
The representative works of history in the Pre-Qin period included Records of the Historian, Warring States Strategy, Zuo Zhuan, and Spring and Autumn Annals.
Du Fu was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. His works covered many periods, including the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the middle Tang Dynasty. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Du Fu's representative works included Climbing High, Spring Gaze, Quatrains, Two Orioles Singing in the Green Willow, etc. These works showed Du Fu's uninhibited and love for life, and also showed the peak period of Tang poetry. Du Fu's representative works in the mid-Tang Dynasty included Climbing High, Looking at the Mountain, Wild View, etc. The style of these works gradually tended to be deep and rigorous, showing Du Fu's deep thinking about history and society. Du Fu's poems had a variety of styles, ranging from bold and unrestrained poems to deep and rigorous works. At the same time, they also integrated local culture and personal feelings. His works had high artistic value and cultural content, which played an important role in the development and prosperity of Chinese literature.
After the Renaissance, music was roughly divided into several periods: 1 Baroque period (16th century to the mid-17th century): The music style of this period was full of the magnificence and complexity of musical techniques, emphasizing contrast and decoration. The representative works were Bach and Handel's classical music works. 2. Rococo period (late 17th century to early 18th century): The music style of this period was full of decorations and soft colors. The representative figures of classical music such as Benedictus Walter and Vivaldi's representative works were Four Seasons. 3. Romanticism period (mid-18th century to early 19th century): The music style of this period emphasized emotion and personality. The representative works such as the Moonlight Sonata and the Pathetical Sonata were composed by the famous figures such as Wolfgang van Wolfgang, and Chopin. 4. Modern music period (from the late 19th century to the present): The music style of this period emphasized innovation and experimentation. The representative figures included Stravinsky (Furtwangler), Rex (Richard Richardson), and other representative works such as "Sympathic Poem" and "Swan Lake". The representative figures and works of the above periods are as follows: Baroque period: Bach, Handel, Vivaldi. 2. Rococo period: Brujenbaard, Vivaldi. 3. Romanticism period: Bach, Chopin, Schubert, Brahms. 4. Modern music period: Stravinsky, Rex, Debussy, Ravel.
The Pre-Qin period was a major stage in the development of ancient Chinese literature, and many outstanding literary works emerged. The following are some representative works: The Book of Songs was one of the most important literary works of the pre-Qin period and one of the classics of ancient Chinese literature. The Book of Songs contains a total of 305 articles, including poems, Fu, and articles. Some of the poems reflect the social style and people's lives in the Pre-Qin period. "Chu Ci": It was the work of Qu Yuan, a poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States Period. It was also a masterpiece of ancient Chinese literature. "Chu Ci" was mainly lyrical and full of romanticism to express the author's yearning and pursuit of freedom and happiness. 3 "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": It was the work of Lu Buwei, a politician and writer of Qi State during the Warring States Period. It was a document with various contents such as politics, philosophy, and history. The Spring and Autumn Annals of the Lü Family analyzed the politics, society, culture and other aspects of the time from many perspectives. [Book of Shang Jun]: It was the work of Shang Yang, a military strategist and politician of the Qin State during the Warring States Period. It was an important military and political book. The Book of Shang had played an important role in promoting the development of Qin State with strategies, tactics, and laws as the core. The Analects of Confucius: It was a collection of the opinions of Confucius, a philosopher in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. It was known as one of the ancient Confucian classics in China. The Analects of Confucius recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It reflected that Confucius 'thoughts, morality, and outlook on life had a profound impact on ancient and modern Chinese culture. These are some of the important representative works of the Pre-Qin period. They not only made important contributions to the development of ancient Chinese literature, but also had a profound impact on modern Chinese culture.
The literary style of each dynasty, the representative figures and the representative works of this figure: Ancient Chinese Literature: - Pre-Qin period: poetry such as the Book of Songs - Qin and Han Dynasties: Fu such as Sima Qian's Records of the Historian - During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, parallel prose such as Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty - Tang Dynasty: Tang poetry, such as Li Bai's "will enter the wine" - Song Dynasty: Song Ci is like Su Shi's "Shuidiao Getou" - Yuan Dynasty: Yuan Qu such as Guan Hanqing's Madam Bovary - Ming Dynasty: novels such as Water Margins, Journey to the West, Dream of the Red Chamber - Qing Dynasty: novels such as "The Scholars" The main representatives of Chinese literature were: - Confucius, Mozi, Xunzi and other philosophers in the Pre-Qin period; - Sima Qian, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and other writers in the Qin and Han Dynasties; - Poets such as Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Bao Zhao, etc. in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties; - Poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Wang Wei of the Tang Dynasty; - Song Dynasty's Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Lu You, Ouyang Xiu and other writers; - Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan, etc. of the Yuan Dynasty; - Cao Xueqin, Shi Naian, Luo Guanzhong and other novelists of the Ming Dynasty; - Lu Xun, Lao She, Zhang Ailing, and other writers of the Qing Dynasty. The representative works of these characters were: - Confucius 'Analects of Confucius; - Sima Qian's Records of the Historian; - Han Yu's Collection of Han Changli; - Liu Zongyuan's Hedong Ji; - Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Blossom Spring"; - Xie Lingyun's Guang Ling San; - Bao Zhao's Dongli Yuefu; - Ma Zhiyuan's " Tianjing Sand·Autumn Thoughts " - Bai Pu's Song of Everlasting Regret.