Vanguard novel is a genre of modern Chinese literature. Its main feature is to emphasize innovation and experiment in pursuit of unique literary style and artistic form. The following are some of the literary features of avant-garde novels: 1. Anti-tradition: Avant-garde novels often oppose the form and structure of traditional literature and pursue innovation and experimentation. It may subvert the narrative mode, character image and plot structure of traditional novels in order to seek new breakthroughs. Challenging the reader: Vanguard writers often try to challenge the reader's reading ability through complex, maze-like storylines and the use of language to attract the reader's attention and thoughts. 3. Focus on social reality: Avant-garde novels usually focus on social reality and explore contemporary social problems and difficulties such as environmental pollution, social injustice, cultural conflicts, etc. 4. Pay attention to the use of language: Vanguard novels pay attention to the use of language and try to create a unique literary image and atmosphere through a unique language style and expression. 5. Pursuing artistic enjoyment: The avant-garde novel does not aim to make money but to pursue artistic enjoyment and self-expression. Therefore, it often pursued unique artistic forms and language usage in order to achieve the best literary effect.