There were many novels in which the male protagonist tortured the female protagonist, such as " Thousand Bones of Flowers "," Unending Beauty "," The Legend of Chu Qiao ", and " Startling Step by Step ". The plots of these novels were more torturous for the male lead. They often imposed cruel punishments on the female lead, making the readers feel heartache and anger. However, some people wrote novels to express the pain and helplessness of love.