What are the clinical manifestations of splanchnic reflex?
There were many clinical manifestations of the splanchnic reflex: 1. ** Cardiology **: - When the sympathetic nerves were more excitable, the heart rate would increase and the coronaries would expand; when the paraesthetical nerves were more excitable, the heart rate would decrease and the coronaries would shrink. For example, in the oculocardiac reflex, the normal pulse rate can be reduced by 10 - 12 beats/min, and when the sympathetic nerve excitement is increased, the pulse rate will increase, and when the paracompathetic nerve excitement is increased, the pulse rate will be reduced by more than 12 beats/min. In the supine and upright position test, the increase of pulse rate from the supine position to the upright position may be related to the increase of sympathetic nerve excitement, and the decrease of pulse rate from the upright position to the supine position may be related to the increase of paracompathetic nerve excitement. - If a patient with diabetes developed cardiovascular autonomous neuropathies, they would have palpitation, palpitations, decreased exercise endurance, dizziness when changing their position (especially lying position, sitting position to standing position), even amaurosia, syncope (orthostatic low blood pressure), and may also have painless or hidden cardiovascular ischaenia, cardiovascular instability during surgery, etc. 2. ** Digestive System **: - When the sympathetic nerves were excited, the digestive tract would slow down and secrete less; when the paraspinal nerves were excited, the digestive tract would speed up and secrete more. For example, if a patient with diabetes had gastric paretic paralysis, they would have delayed gastric emptying, decreased gastric tension, decreased gastric acid, early satiety, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, upper abdominal discomfort, flatulence, and other symptoms that lasted for several days or months. They might also have constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea caused by intestinal dyscrasia. - When acute appendicitis occurs, the stimulation of inflammation will cause reflex pain in the splanchnic nerves. The typical manifestation is transferred pain in the right lower abdomen. The pain is initially located in the upper abdomen, then gradually moves to the right lower abdomen. It may also be accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. 3. ** Urology **: - The sympathetic nerve relaxes the detruder muscle and contracts the internal urethral constrictor to store urine in the bladder. The paraesthetic nerve contracts the detruder muscle and opens the internal urethral constrictor to cause urine to pass. When the volume of urine in the bladder increased to 300 - 400 ml, it stimulated the pressure receptor in the bladder wall and caused the bladder to urinate through the reflex of the splanchnic nerves. If there is neuropathic bladder malfunction, such as uninhibited bladder malfunction (uninhibited bladder), there will be urgency to urinate, inability to control urinating at will, sudden and frequent urinating, normal strength and urine line, no residual urine, etc.; Sensory bladder malfunction (atonic bladder) will have corresponding symptoms (related to the location of the disease in the back root and back funiculus, common in diseases such as multiple stiffness, spinal cord cavity disease, and spinal cord tabes). 4. ** Glandular secretion **: - When the sympathetic nerves were excited, the pupils dilated, the saliva glands secreted a small amount of viscous saliva, the lacrimal glands secreted less, the sweat glands secreted more sweat, and the secretion of the adrenaline marrow increased. When the paraesthetes were excited, the pupils shrank, the saliva glands secreted a large amount of thin saliva, the lacrimal glands secreted more, and the sweat glands secreted less. 5. ** Regarding the respiratory system **: - When the sympathetic nerves were excited, the bronchi dilated and mucus secretion decreased; when the paraesthetes were excited, the bronchi contracted and mucus secretion increased. 6. ** Other aspects **: - Obese was also a sign of abnormal nerve function. - In thallium-poisoning, the splanchnic reflex may be related to the symptoms of the digestive tract, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, mental symptoms, motor weakness, and damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys.(The clinical manifestations of thallium-poisoning include these aspects, and the splanchnic reflex may be involved.) - The motor reflex caused by the stimulation of the internal organs of kidney stones was also piecemeal, which could increase muscle tension and even muscle spasms in the corresponding position. The internal pain of female patients was related to their menstrual cycle, and the intensity of pain before and after the menstrual period would have a significant outbreak. Read more exciting novels for free
What are the aspects of the splanchnic reflex mechanism?
The reflex mechanism of the splanchnic nerve involved neurosecretion. Nerves and incretion were a pair of connections (neurosecretion). Abnormal activity of the nerves would cause changes in the level of incretion hormones, and changes in hormone levels would affect the discharge of nerve function. The two affected each other. Visceral reflexes were related to the sympathetic and paraesthetical nerves of the vegetative nervous system. Damage to the internal organs would cause damage to energy metabolism and absorption, leading to problems such as obese. There were differences in physiological mechanism, pathological mechanism, and nervous system between the body reflex and the viscera reflex. The viscera reflex involved the autonomous nervous system. The mechanism of cervicoid internal organ problems was based on the reflex of the body's internal organs. For example, there were a large number of nerve endings and sensors (proprioceptors and pain sensors) on the joint capsule of the cervical vertebrae. These structures were also related to the reflex mechanism of the internal organs. In addition, the reflex mechanism of the splanchnic nerves also involved the interaction between emotions and the splanchnic organs. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
The clinical manifestations of heatstroke and high fever
Heatstroke and high fever were more serious symptoms of heatstroke. The clinical manifestations of high fever in different types of heatstroke were different. Heatstroke was the most serious type of heatstroke. Its clinical manifestations were high fever (body temperature above 40 ° C), no sweat, dry skin, disturbance of consciousness (such as delirium or even coma), and failure of important organs such as liver and kidney. Most severe heatstroke patients would suddenly fall unconscious in a high temperature environment. The common symptoms were disturbance of consciousness, muscle twitching, convulsions, etc. The body temperature might generally exceed 40 degrees Celsius. In the heatstroke stage of heatstroke, there would be an ultra-high fever of more than 41 ° C, accompanied by severe disturbance of consciousness such as coma. There would also be symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, etc. As sweating decreased, the body temperature would rise rapidly, and there would be drowsiness or coma. The skin would be dry, hot, and flushed. When the peripheral circulation failed, there would be cyanosis, rapid pulse, high blood pressure, and cardiac arrest. In severe cases, the whole body would twitch, followed by shock, heart failure, and cerebral edema. He died from pneumonephrodema. In addition, heatstroke and high fever (Rectal temperature of 41 ° C) can also cause mental disturbance. The novel "Watching the Moon on Fish Island" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
The clinical manifestations of both lower limbs paralysis
The clinical manifestations of paralysis of both lower limbs included weakening or complete disappearance of muscle strength, decreased muscle tension, and weakening or disappearance of tendon reflex. The patient may not be able to walk or stand, and the gait may show a jumping or scissors gait. In addition, paralysis of both lower limbs may also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as antelope, increased lumbar lordotic curvature, and so on. There could be a variety of reasons for lower limb paralysis, including nervous system diseases, spinal cord injuries, and so on.
The clinical significance of the disappearance of pupilary reflex in patients with brain tumors
Pupil reflex loss usually referred to the disappearance of the pupil's light reflex. For patients with brain tumors, the disappearance of the pupil's light reflex may mean that the tumor has affected the normal structure and function of the brain, causing the brain tissue to be in a state of blood loss and oxygen deficiency. Because the pupil's light reflex is an important physiological reflex of the human body, the brain tumor may compress or damage the nerve transmission pathway or nerve center related to the pupil reflex, causing the pupil's light reflex to disappear. This may indicate that the brain tumor has caused serious damage to the brain and requires immediate medical treatment. It can be diagnosed through skull CT examination, skull MRI examination, etc., and the corresponding treatment should be carried out according to the specific situation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
What are the clinical symptoms and manifestations of a heart attack? What medicine do you take?
The common clinical symptoms and manifestations of a heart attack were as follows: 1. [Chest pain: This is the most typical symptom. It can be expressed as crushing pain behind the sternum. It can also radiate to the left shoulder, left forearm, and left back.] 2. ** Dyspnoea **: The patient is often short of breath, laborious, and can't even lie down. He needs to sit up or lie in a semi-reclining position to be relieved. 3. ** Palpitations **: You feel that your heart is beating abnormally fast, and you are flustered. It may also be accompanied by other heart rhythm problems. 4. ** Sweating **: Sweating for unknown reasons, especially if you don't do strenuous exercise or don't sweat all over your body in a high temperature environment, may be related to heart disease. 5. ** Dizzy and fainting **: Due to the lack of blood supply to the heart, the brain is short of blood, resulting in dizziness and even fainting. 6. ** Nausea and Vomiting **: Some patients with heart disease may have digestive tract symptoms. 7. ** Chest discomfort **: Sustained tension, pressure, or pain in the chest. The pain can last for a short or long time, and it may disappear and reappear. The pain may also spread to the shoulders, arms, abdomen, back, neck, or chin. There may also be no pain in the chest, accompanied by nausea, cold sweat, rapid breathing, rapid heartbeat, and even fainting. 8. ** Other symptoms (more common in women)**: chest pain, stomach pain, or abdominal pain (similar to indigestion); only breathing difficulties and breathlessness; weakness, fatigue, but unable to find the cause, and may be accompanied by anxiety; irregular heartbeat, rapid heartbeat; pale face or cold sweat (when blood sugar is normal); pain in the chin or back; symptoms of the digestive tract (such as nausea, vomiting, etc.). The common medications for different types of heart attacks are as follows: 1. * * 2. ** Heart failure **: Captopril, spironolactone, metoprolor, and other drugs can be used to relieve the symptoms. 3. [** myocartis **: You can choose drugs such as adenine triphosphorus, CoA, and camp to promote metabolism of the heart muscle according to the doctor's advice.] It should be noted that the above drugs must be used under the guidance of a doctor. If there are symptoms of a heart attack, you should see a doctor in time to determine the cause and carry out targeted treatment. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Reflex and Pupil Reflex
The adjustment reflex and the pupil's light reflex were two important physiological reflexes. The reflex of accommodation was a series of changes in the eyes in order to see nearby objects, such as the bulging of the lens, the narrowing of the pupils, and the convergence of the eyes. The pupil's light reflex was even more interesting. When light shone on one side of the eye, the illuminated pupil would shrink. This was the pupil's light reflex. It could protect the eyes from strong light and regulate the amount of light entering the eyes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Urination reflex is non-reflex
This statement was wrong. Urination was a complex reflex activity controlled by the central nervous system. The urine reflex was a physiological process that was controlled and participated in by the higher-level nerve center (the cerebral cortexes), but at the same time, it was also controlled and influenced by the lower-level nerve center (the spinal cord urine center). When the amount of urine in the bladder reached a certain level, it would produce a nerve impulse. This impulse would be transmitted to the cerebral hemisphere through the nerves, triggering the urge to urinate and activating the reflex to urinate. This was a complete reflex process. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is the anus reflex a deep reflex?
No, the anus reflex is shallow. It was mainly used for patients suspected to have damage to the spinal tract or cauda equina. It could be examined through specific methods, such as lying flat on the bed, raising the lower limbs straight, and using a cotton swab to cut across the perineal area. Under normal circumstances, the external anus constrictor would contract. It could also be used to prove the existence of innervation of the external anus constrictor structure through light needle or scratch stimulation. The patient could also be placed in the side lying position or the stone cutting position. The doctor would stand on the right side or in front of the patient and gently touch or tap the edge of the anus with a cotton swab. Under normal circumstances, the patient would feel a slight stimulation and have a constrictive reaction of the anus. Reflexes are caused by sacrospinal cord 4 - 5 or anococcygeal nerve damage. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Is a simple reflex called an unconditioned reflex
Yes, a simple reflex was called an unconditioned reflex. Unconditioned reflexes were the innate fixed nerve connection between external stimulation and organic response. The reflex arc was complete, and under the corresponding stimulation, it could cause a reflex reaction without the need for acquired training. For example, the simple reflex of withdrawing one's hand when it touched something hot was an unconditioned reflex. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>
Books on clinical medicine
The clinical medicine was a comprehensive discipline that involved many disciplines such as medicine, biology, and psychology. It mainly studied the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. The following are some books related to clinical medicine: The World Health Organization Manual of Medical History: This is an authoritative work on the history of medicine, covering the history and current situation of medical development. Biological Foundation of Modern Medicine: This is a cross-disciplinary work on biology and medicine that delves into the role of biology in clinical medicine. 3.<< Clinic Epidemic >>: This is a book on the application of epidemic research in clinical medicine. It aims to raise doctors 'awareness of disease prevention and control. Psychology of Modern Medicine: This is a book about the application of psychology in clinical medicine to help doctors better understand the psychological needs and treatment plans of patients. Disease Diagnose: This is a book about the basic knowledge and application skills of disease diagnosis, covering the symptoms, signs, and diagnosis methods of common diseases. " Guide to clinical medicine practice ": This is a book on clinical medicine practice that details the skills and precautions that need to be mastered in clinical work. These are some books related to clinical medicine that I hope will be of help to you.