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Free Reading in the Northern Song Dynasty

2026-06-30 19:15
2026-06-30 21:03

"The Northern Song Dynasty (February 4, 960-March 20, 1127) was a dynasty in China history. Together with the Southern Song Dynasty, it was known as the Song Dynasty, also known as the" Two Song Dynasties." The Northern Song Dynasty began with the abdication of Zhao Kuangyin by the late Zhou Emperor. The ruling area was mainly the Han people in the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The Northern Song Dynasty regime successively confronted the Liao, Jin, and Xixia. In the first year of Jingkang (1126), the Jin army invaded Kaifeng and perished the following year. It lasted nine emperors and 167 years. At the beginning of the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Prefecture (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) was Tokyo, which was the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Henan Prefecture (now Luoyang, Henan Province) was Xijing, which was the location of Jingxi Road and the mausoleum, as well as an important economic and cultural center. Song Zhenzong promoted Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) to Yingtian Prefecture and built Nanjing as Jingdong Road. Song Renzong promoted Daming Prefecture (now northeast of Daming, Hebei Province) to Beijing, which was Hebei East Road. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizu and Taizong successively destroyed Houshu, Southern Tang and Northern Han to unify the Central Plains. Zhenzong signed the Chanyuan Alliance with Liao to promote economic development. Renzong negotiated peace with Xixia to stabilize the border. Shenzong carried out the Xining reform. Later, the new policy and the old system were implemented alternately. In the first year of Jingkang, the disaster of Jingkang occurred and the country was subjugated the following year. The political system of the Northern Song Dynasty generally followed the Tang Dynasty, using the method of dividing power. The position of prime minister was held by many people, and the appointment of officials implemented the system of separating official titles from actual positions. There were three levels of local administration, prefecture military supervision, and county. Taxes were divided into five types: official land, civilian land, city wall, Dingkou tax, and miscellaneous tax. The corvee was divided into two types: duty service and miscellaneous service. The currency circulation was mainly copper, while iron, gold and silver, Jiaozi, etc. There were central official schools and local official schools in education. The judicial system quoted the Tang system and had corresponding changes in litigation and trial. There were many reasons for the Northern Song Dynasty to set its capital in Kaifeng. In terms of traditional conditions, Kaifeng was more convenient for water transport than Luoyang and Chang 'an. Although it was only this obvious advantage, the special military system and economic needs of the Northern Song Dynasty determined that it could only be established here. The main army of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Imperial Army, was stationed in the capital. In addition to the large population in the capital, the demand for food was huge. Kaifeng Province had a certain food supply capacity, and grain from the southeast could be delivered by water transport. If it was transported to Luoyang or Chang 'an, the loss on the road and labor costs would be unbearable. In the relationship between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty, the Chanyuan alliance in the first year of Jingde (1004) was an important event. Liao invaded the south. During the Battle of Changzhou, the Song army shot the Liao army general to death. The Liao army lost other battles, but Song and Liao finally reached an alliance in Chanyuan and became brothers. With Baigou River as the boundary, Song gave Liao "military aid fees" every year and set up a market for trade at the border. In the short term, both sides would take what they needed, but in the long term, it would have many effects on both countries. The novel "The Unorthodox Great Ming" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it! "

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