cervical spine photography
There were many positions for cervical spine photography, and each position had different uses, position designs, center lines, and breath-holding conditions: 1. ** The first and second cervical vertebrae open mouth position ** - ** Usage **: It is used to observe the Atlanto-Axis, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, and the position of the patient. - ** Body position design **: The patient can lie on the table or take a standing position. Place both upper limbs beside the patient, and the front of the head should be aligned with the center line of the table and maintained vertically. Place the extraoccipital bulge 2CM above the center of the IP board, tilt your head back, and fix your neck on both sides with your head or sandbags. The patient had to open his mouth as much as possible, or bite a piece of foam in his mouth to support himself.(If he did not bite the piece of foam, he would softly shout "ah" to assist in opening his mouth during exposure.) - ** Center line **: Aim at the middle point of the oral cavity and be vertical to the IP plate, so that the center line is parallel to the occult surface of the upper jaw. If the patient's neck is stiff and cannot lean back, the X-ray tube can be tilted to the head. - ** breath-hold situation **: breath-hold exposure. 2. ** C3-C7 antero-podal position (supine position)** - ** Usage **: Observe the frontal image of the third to seventh cervical vertebrae. - ** Body position design **: The patient is lying on the X-ray table, with both upper limbs placed on both sides of the body, and the mid-plane of the body or sternum is aligned with the mid-line of the table. The upper edge of the IP plate exceeded the external occipital eminence, and the lower edge included the first cervical vertebra. - ** Center line **: Tilted about 10 degrees to the head, aiming at the mandible angle and shooting to the center of the IP plate to project the image of the mandible upward to avoid excessive overlap with the cervical spine. - ** breath-hold situation **: breath-hold exposure. 3. ** C3-C7 antero-podal position (standing position)** - ** Usage **: Observe the frontal image of the third to seventh cervical vertebrae. - ** Postures design **: The patient stands in front of the X-ray stand, facing the center line of the bicker. Head back, so that the auditory nasal line is vertical with the IP board. The upper edge of the IP plate exceeded the external occipital eminence by 3CM, and the lower edge included the first cervical vertebra. - ** Center line **: Inclined 7 - 10 degrees to the head side, aimed at the lower jaw angle and shot horizontally into the center of the IP plate to avoid excessive overlap with the cervical spine. - ** breath-hold situation **: breath-hold exposure. 4. ** All the cervical vertebrae in the antero-lateral position ** - ** Usage **: Observe the antero-lateral image of the cervical spine. - ** Body position design **: The patient should lie on his back on the X-ray table, with his upper limbs placed beside him. The patient's body should be in the middle of the table or the sternum should be facing the center of the table. The head is tilted back so that the auditory nose line is vertical to the table. The upper edge of the IP plate exceeded the external occipital eminence by 3CM, and the lower edge included the first cervical vertebra. - ** Center line **: Shoot into the center of the IP plate at a position 3 cm above the thyreoid cartilages. - ** breath-hold situation **: breath-hold exposure. 5. ** Cerical spine lateral position ** - ** Usage **: Observe the lateral position of the first to seventh cervical vertebrae, including the vertebrae, the lumbar joints, and the spinous process. - ** Body position design **: The patient should lie on his side in front of the X-ray stand with his feet apart. The long axis of the body is parallel to the long axis of the dark box, and the head is tilted back. Hold a sandbag in each hand to make both shoulders droop as much as possible. The upper edge of the IP plate exceeds the external occipital prominence and the lower edge is lower than the second vertebra. - ** Center line **: Aim at the fourth cervical vertebra and be vertical to the IP plate. 6. ** Posterior-front Oblique Position of the Cervical-Spine ** - ** Usage **: Observe the cervical vertebrae, small joints, and vertebrae. - ** Postures design **: The patient stands in front of the X-ray table. The near side of the examined side is taken with the lower jaw extended forward. The head's sagital plane forms a 45-degree angle with the table to prevent the lower jaw from overlapping with the cervical vertebra. Both upper limbs are placed by the side. The upper edge of the IP plate is two centimeters above the external ear hole, and the lower edge is wrapped around the first cervical vertebra. - ** Center line **: Aim at the third cervical vertebra and shoot vertically and horizontally with the IP plate. 7. ** Antero-posterior-oblique position of cervical vertebra ** - ** Usage **: Observing the cervical vertebrae, small joints, and the cervical vertebrae. The left and right oblique positions are required. - ** Postures design **: The patient is standing in front of the X-ray stand. The side of the patient to be examined is in the far view. The lower jaw is extended forward. The sagital plane of the head is at a 45-degree angle with the table to avoid overlapping the mandible and the cervical vertebra. The upper limbs of both sides are drooping to the side. The upper edge of the IP plate is 2CM beyond the external ear hole, and the lower edge includes the first cervical vertebra. - ** Center line **: Inclined at a 15-degree angle toward the head, aimed at the fourth cervical vertebra, and shot into the center of the IP plate. 8. ** High cervical vertebra, lateral skull base position ** - ** Usage **: Observing the image of the lateral view of the skull base. This is a special position for patients with sunken skull base. - ** Body position design **: The subject stands sideways in front of the photographic frame, with his lower jaw tilted upward, so that the auditory nasal line is vertical to the frontal plane of the torso. The IP plate was placed on the lower edge of the IP plate support of the photography frame, so that the head was close to the IP plate, and the sagital plane was parallel to the film. The upper edge of the film included the hard jaw and the external occipital bulge, the lower edge included the third cervical vertebra, the front edge included the first molars, and the back edge included the external occipital bulge. - ** Center line **: Shoot the film vertically at the lower edge of the mastoid tip. - ** breath-hold situation **: Breathing calmly while holding one's breath. In addition, during the lateral and oblique position of the cervical spine, according to the geometric projection and optical principles of X-ray, and considering the relationship between the image blurring and the limb-film distance, focal point-limb distance, and focal point, it is recommended that the photography distance be 180cm to reduce the image blurring caused by the cervical spine being unable to approach the photography frame due to the shoulder protrusion (Usually, the bone joint photography distance is 100 cm and the focal point is small, but the lateral and oblique position of the cervical spine requires special consideration). Moreover, during oblique photography, the image information observed in the posterior-front oblique position and the antero-rear oblique position was different. The mnemonic was "the posterior-front display is the same, and the antero-rear display is the same", which meant that the posterior-front oblique position showed the same side of the lumbar foramen, while the antero-rear oblique position showed the opposite side of the lumbar foramen. Read more exciting novels for free
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