computational problems

Perhaps the earliest calculation tool of human beings was the finger, but as the complexity of life and transactions increased, the finger could not meet the needs of counting, so the ancients created the method of " knotting rope to record things." Then, counting rods appeared. They were made of bamboo, wood, iron, jade, and other materials. They used the decimal system and calculated by placing and moving the rods. They could represent multi-digit numbers and do multiplication operations, and there were specific multi-digit number representation rules. The abacus evolved from the counting rod and was recognized as the earliest calculating instrument. The existing abacus had various shapes and materials. The most common one was the seven-bead abacus, with two beads on the top and five beads on the bottom. The abacus was simple and fast, and was widely used in China. In 1520 AD, the Englishman Gant invented the slide rule, which was composed of three parts: the upper and lower fixed ruler, the sliding ruler, and the vernier. It was mainly used for rough calculations in special operations. The accuracy of different slide rules varied. In 1822, the mechanical difference engine appeared. It could improve the speed of multiplication and the accuracy of digital tables, but it had many parts and was heavy. In 1944, scientists at the MIT Institute of Technology developed an electro-mechanical calculator that combined mechanical and electronic calculations. It had high accuracy and reliability, but it was large, heavy, inconvenient to carry, and costly. In the 18th century, the German mathematician Leibniz designed and manufactured a calculator that could perform addition, deduction, multiplication, division, and square root operations based on Pascal's invention. Since then, computer technology had developed into two paths. One was the development path of desktop machinery and large-scale mechanical computers, and the other was the development path of relaying as computer circuit components. After that, computers continued to develop on the basis of electronic components such as electron tubes and transistors. From transistor-based computers to integrated circuit computers, and then to ultra-large-scale integrated circuit computers, the computing power continued to increase. With the development of artificial intelligence, big data, and other technologies, the application of computing tools became more and more extensive. " A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era " was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

Computational intelligence had the main characteristics of continuous evolution, environmental friendliness, and open ecology. Continuous evolution means having the ability to manage and upgrade itself; environmental friendliness means anywhere deployment, seamless connection, and efficient collaboration regardless of geographical location; open ecology means that many upstream and downstream parties in the industry can participate widely to create and share AI dividends. " A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era " was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

The development of calculation tools was as follows: - Primitive society: Humans began to use knots, stones, branches, or inscriptions to assist in counting and counting. - During the Spring and Autumn Period, the China ancestors invented the counting method. - 6th century AD: China began to use the abacus, which was the first tool to completely use the decimal system. - 1620: European scholar invents the exponential slide rule. - 1642: French mathematician Blaise Pascal invents the mechanical computer. - 1936: German engineer Krander Chu Ze created the first electro-mechanical-binary-programmed computer Z - 1 that used a " punched tape " structure input program. If it was organized into a mind map, the central theme would be " History of the development of computing tools ", and the branches would be the above stages and their corresponding computing tools. " A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era " was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!

Well, computational complexity science fiction can be seen as stories that take the ideas of computational complexity, like how long it takes to solve certain problems or the difficulty of algorithms, and use them to create interesting fictional scenarios. For example, it might show a future where a super - important problem is too complex for current computing methods, leading to all kinds of social and technological upheavals. It's a way to blend the somewhat dry academic field of computational complexity with the imaginative world of science fiction.

I recommend " The Sorcerer's Mysteries ", a fantastic fantasy novel written by Yin Yue. The protagonist had transmigrated into the son of a noble and brought along the super quantum computer from his previous life. It was very easy for him to construct spell models. After all, in this setting, as long as he constructed a stable spell model, he could become a mage. The first and second half of the book were extremely exciting. The setting of a mage with a brain was very novel. Although there were some minor problems at the end, such as too many plot cycles and a little redundant ending, it was not bad overall. The writing was smooth, the plot was reasonable, the character's intelligence was on point, and he didn't abuse the main character. It was an early stage novel. There was also the fact that the cheat was not too abrupt, and it could also be written in the traditional leveling mode. The background setting was grand, from a small world to the creation of the universe. Many people felt that the villains in the first and middle stages were like the real protagonists. The author had a new understanding of mages, and the animals and plants he created were also interesting. This book, Grain +, can be read by Book Desolate's friends. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>