Key trade and transit bifurcation points on the trade routes of the Silk Road region (from the 10th century to the end of the 19th century)
• Pamir Mountain Corridor - the road from Bukhara to the Arabian Peninsula - of global importance
• Herat - Gateway from Afghanistan to Iran - International Significance
• Karatergin - the gate from the Surkhan Valley to Yarkand and Kokand - International meaning
• Balkh - gateway from Bukhara to northern Afghanistan to Persia and India - International meaning
• Musarpin Gate - a strategic mountain pass, the nearest way from Kashgar to the Ili Valley - Regional significance
• Astrabad (Gorgan) - a key port in the Caspian Sea - International importance
• Ajdarkhan, Khazitar-han, Pytrakhan - a transit point on the Persian, Chinese, Arab, Türk trade route -International significance
• Paikend - one of the largest transshipment points on the road to Khorasan, to Syria and Byzantium - of global importance