The Situation on the Drilling Location
April 2nd, 1881
Matthew sat in the dimly lit confines of his tent, his only source of light a flickering oil lamp on the makeshift wooden desk before him. The air inside was hot and stale, but he was used to it by now. His hands were stained with oil and dirt, remnants of a long day at the drilling site. He leaned over a thick, leather-bound notebook, scribbling down his observations with a graphite pencil.
[Drilling Log – Day 10
Current Depth: 900 feet
Location: West Tejas, Permian Basin
Objective: Reach oil reservoir at estimated depth between 1,200 and 1,500 feet.
Notes on Progress:
Cable Tool Rig Performance: The cable tool drilling rig has proven effective, though its rate of penetration (ROP) has slowed significantly as we've encountered denser rock formations. The walking beam's mechanism is operating within expected parameters, but the derrick is beginning to show signs of stress. I'll instruct Dalton to reinforce the bolts tomorrow morning.
Subsurface Conditions: Over the past three days, we've primarily been drilling through layers of shale interspersed with siltstone. However, starting at a depth of 850 feet, we began to encounter thicker strata of limestone. The limestone is significantly harder, which has caused the drill bit to wear down faster. We've already had to change the bit twice today, resulting in a loss of nearly four hours.
Mud Pump System: The mud pump continues to perform adequately, maintaining consistent flow rates, but we're losing considerable amounts of water to evaporation under this heat. We're running at a mix ratio of 1:4 (bentonite clay to water), which seems to be optimal for lubricating the bit and stabilizing the borehole walls. However, the viscosity of the slurry needs to be monitored closely; if it gets too thin, we risk a blowout or collapse of the hole.
Geological Observations:
Lithology:
600-750 feet: Predominantly sandy shale with moderate oil staining.
750-850 feet: Siltstone layers with traces of pyrite.
850-900 feet: Transition to dense limestone. Notable reduction in ROP due to increased hardness. Samples show fine black residue, potentially indicating proximity to a hydrocarbon-bearing formation.
Fluorescence Test: Samples extracted from the bailer at 875 feet displayed weak fluorescence under the oil lamp, a promising sign. However, it's not yet definitive. We'll need to conduct a proper chemical analysis once we have enough extracted material.
Gas Emissions: Minor gas pockets encountered at approximately 880 feet. Nothing significant, but we'll need to keep an eye on pressure fluctuations. If the pressure starts to rise too quickly, we could be nearing a reservoir, which means we'll have to adjust the drilling speed to avoid a blowout.
Recommendations for Next Steps:
Increase Monitoring of Mud Viscosity: As we approach deeper layers, the pressure will rise, and we'll need to ensure that the drilling mud is thick enough to counteract this pressure without clogging the drill string.
Replace the Drill Bit: If we continue encountering this density of limestone, we'll need a harder bit. Suggest switching to a hardened steel bit with tungsten carbide inserts to maintain drilling efficiency.
Set Up Additional Water Storage: The heat is causing our water reserves to deplete faster than expected. We should consider setting up an additional storage tank or sourcing a water wagon from town.
Prepare for Potential Blowout: Once we pass 1,000 feet, there's a higher chance of hitting a pressurized pocket. We'll need the blowout preventer (BOP) ready, though it's rudimentary by current standards. Dalton's men should be briefed on emergency protocols.
]
Matthew set down his pencil, staring at the half-filled page before him. The flickering oil lamp cast wavering shadows on the tent walls, mirroring the unease in his mind. As he looked over the detailed notes he had just written, he couldn't shake the feeling that time was slipping away faster than they could dig. Supplies were running low, and the deeper they went, the more challenges they faced.
He turned to a fresh page, determined to flesh out the rest of his observations.
[Additional Notes: Resource Status & Crew Morale
Food & Water: Supplies are beginning to dwindle. At our current consumption rate, we have enough rations for another five days, perhaps six if we stretch it. Water remains our most pressing concern. The arid conditions of West Tejas are causing excessive evaporation, and despite the efforts to conserve, the demand for the mud pump system is draining our reserves faster than anticipated.
Crew Condition: Dalton's men are tough, but fatigue is setting in. The relentless heat, combined with the physical labor, is taking its toll. I overheard a few of the younger workers grumbling about how long this venture is taking. Morale will become a problem if we don't see results soon. I need to speak to Dalton about organizing shifts to give the men some rest.
Equipment Maintenance: The steam engine is starting to show signs of wear. I noticed a slight drop in pressure output today, likely due to sediment buildup in the water tank. We'll need to clean it out tonight or risk a breakdown mid-operation. Additionally, the walking beam's pivot point is making a faint grinding sound, suggesting the need for lubrication and tightening.
Current Strategy:
We will push to drill another 100 feet tonight to reach the 1,000-foot mark. Based on geological data from my previous world, this should bring us closer to penetrating the deeper oil-rich strata of the Permian Basin.
Dalton's team will begin setting up a makeshift windbreak around the derrick to reduce the impact of dust storms. The wind has picked up in the evenings, blowing fine sand into the machinery, which could cause damage to exposed components.]
Matthew took a moment to stretch his stiff neck and shoulders.
"I really hope this will finish soon," he muttered, stowing the notebook in the drawer of his table, and then stepped outside the tent.
He took in the scene unfolding before him. Despite the grueling days and the mounting pressure to strike oil, Dalton's men found ways to make camp life more tolerable.
To his left, two men stood by a barrel of water, taking turns splashing themselves, grateful for even a brief reprieve from the relentless heat and grime. One of them laughed as he poured a ladle of water over his head, shaking his hair out like a dog and drawing a round of laughter from the men around him.
Nearby, a small group sat on overturned crates, deeply engaged in a game of cards. The pot consisted of everything from tobacco pouches to a dented pocket watch. One of the younger workers was staring intently at his hand, muttering to himself as he calculated his next move. The older men beside him watched with amused grins, clearly relishing his struggle.
Across the camp, a few others gathered around a makeshift cooking area, preparing what would pass for a late snack—beans, hard biscuits, and a few strips of salted meat cooked over a modest fire.
Matthew's gaze shifted to the rig itself, where a few of Dalton's men remained on duty, keeping the steam engine chugging along and monitoring the equipment.
Dalton approached Matthew, carrying a tin cup and nodding toward the campfire. "It's not much, but we try to keep things decent around here," he said, taking a sip from his cup. "You've got to find a balance, especially with the kind of work we do. Men go mad without some kind of relief."
Matthew nodded in agreement, appreciating the camaraderie among the crew.
"They seem to be holding up well," he observed.
Dalton chuckled, glancing over at the card players who were now grumbling over a disputed win.
"They're a tough lot. Oil or no oil, they'll get through it. But if we hit that reservoir soon, it'll make things easier on all of us."
Suddenly—one of the crew ran towards them.
"Sir! The sheriff…is on his way here!"
Matthew and Dalton looked to where the crew was pointing his finger to and there, they saw five men riding on a horse with a rifle.
"What is that?" Matthew asked, glancing at Dalton.
"Not a problem," Dalton said simply. "Let me handle this."