This will most likely be updated as more questions are asked. Warning, I do not have all the answers. This is what I could remember off the top of my head.
So, this story will include several elements from the game, Elder Scrolls: Skyrim.
This will be a brief description of the game play for those that have never played.
Fair warning, there is a MASSIVE amount of lore I will NOT be going into. Mostly for the sake of saving myself hours of typing it all out.
The game takes place in Skyrim, a province of the Empire on the continent of Tamriel, on the planet Nirn.
The game revolves around the player's character, the Dragonborn.
The Dragonborn, or Dovahkiin in the dragon language, is a person with the soul of a dragon.
The dragons of Tamriel, were created by Akatosh, one of the gods in the game, and look like a traditional wyvern, or a smaller version of Drogon from the Game of Thrones show. While they do not look like the traditional four legged dragons, they share many of the same qualities.
A Skyrim dragon, or dovah in the dragon language, is very smart, and the dragons, or dov for plural, even ruled the world for a period of time. They are immortal a sense. They do not age, but their bodies can be destroyed. However, if they did not die to another dragon, they can be resurrected.
The Dov even have their own form of magic, called a Thu'um. The Thu'um, or Storm Voice or Shout, is similar to a three word magical incantation. There really is no limit on what the dovah can do with a Thu'um. The only draw-back, is the dovah must fully understand the words of the Thu'um, otherwise they would just be yelling the incantation.
So Thu'ums are made from the dragon language, yes.
But in order to make a Thu'um, one has to have a complete and thorough understanding of the words used.
To make a full Thu'um, 3 or 4 words, not only do you have to fully understand each word, but understand how they relate to each other to create the desired effect.
Example, Unrelenting Force. Fus Ro Dah. Fus is Force. Ro is Balance. Dah is Push.
Fus Ro Dah translates to Force Balance Push.
One does not need all three parts to cause an effect, but the power will only be a fraction if only one word is used.
Dov do not age, so they do not grow more powerful with time. The physically change with more Thu'ums they comprehend, becoming more powerful.
There are seven levels of strength for Dov. With each level, the dovah becomes physically stronger with higher resistances. They are, in order of strength:
Dragon - only knows the Thu'um to breath fire
Blood Dragon - knows two Thu'ums
Frost Dragon - knows two Thu'ums, but higher resistance
Elder - knows three full Thu'ums
Ancient - knows five full Thu'ums
Revered - knows six full Thu'ums
Legendary - extremely strong, high health, and it's shouts are more powerful.
So, your character, the Dragonborn, is able to permanently kill a dragon due to him having a dragon soul. When the Dragonborn absorbs a dovah soul, they gain SOME knowledge of the Thu'ums that dragon comprehended.
In Skyrim, the Dragonborn is on a quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, a dragon who is prophesied to destroy the world. Alduin, a large black dragon who returns to the land after being lost in time, serves as the game's primary antagonist. Alduin is the first dragon, and is prophesied to destroy and consume the world.
The College of Winterhold, is a magical school in the frozen tundra of Skyrim. Think of an adult version of Hogwarts. (This is a very basic description)