Solar System Planet's Information

Terrestrial planet

A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets accepted by the IAU are the inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Gas giant/Jovian planet

A gas giant is a giant planet composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. Gas giants are sometimes known as failed stars because they contain the same basic elements as a star. Jupiter and Saturn are the gas giants of the Solar System. The term Jovian is derived from Jupiter, the largest of the Outer Planets and the first to be observed using a telescope – by Galileo Galilei in 1610. ... A planet designated as Jovian is hence a gas giant, composed primarily of hydrogen and helium gas with varying degrees of heavier elements.

Terrestrial planet members: Mercury,Venus,Earth and Mars

Gas giant/Jovian planet members: Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus and Neptune

Mercury

Mercury is the smallest and closest planet to the sun in the Solar System. Its orbit around the Sun takes 87.97 Earth days, the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System.

Distance from Sun: 57.91 million km

Orbital period: 88 days

Radius: 2,439.7 km

Mass: 3.285 × 10^23 kg (0.055 M⊕)

Surface area: 74.8 million km²

Colors: light grey

What does Mercury look like? Here you can see that Mercury is a light grey color. This is Mercury's northern horizon as seen by the MESSENGER spacecraft during its third flyby.

Features: Along with Venus, Earth, and Mars, Mercury is one of the rocky planets. It has a solid surface that is covered with craters like our Moon. It has a thin atmosphere, and it doesn't have any moons. Mercury likes to keep things simple.

Layers: Structure. Mercury is a terrestrial planet having three main layers: a core, mantle and crust.

Temperature: 800 degrees Fahrenheit

Mercury has almost no atmosphere. Because it is so close to the sun, it can be very hot. On its sunny side, Mercury can reach a scorching 800 degrees Fahrenheit! (But Mercury is not the hottest planet in the solar system.

Atmosphere: According to NASA, the atmosphere of Mercury is a "surface-bound exosphere, essentially a vacuum." It contains 42 percent oxygen, 29 percent sodium, 22 percent hydrogen, 6 percent helium, 0.5 percent potassium, with possible trace amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, xenon, krypton and neon.

Gravity on Mercury: This makes Mercury the smallest and least massive planet in the Solar System. However, thanks to its high density – a robust 5.427 g/cm3, which is just slightly lower than Earth's 5.514 g/cm3 – Mercury has a surface gravity of 3.7 m/s², which is the equivalent of 0.38 g.

Name Origin: The Romans believed that gods and goddesses were in charge of everything on Earth. Mercury is named after the messenger for their gods. The Roman Mercury had wings on his helmet and shoes.

Age: 4.503 billion years

Venus

Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. As the brightest natural object in Earth's night sky after the Moon, Venus can cast shadows and can be, on rare occasion, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight.

Distance from Sun: 108.2 million km

Orbital period: 225 days

Gravity: 8.87 m/s²

Sidereal rotation period: −243.025 d (retrograde)

Equatorial rotation velocity: 6.52 km/h (1.81 m/s

Stages: Venus (like the Moon) has 4 primary phases of 146 days each. The planet also changes in apparent size from 9.9 arc seconds at full (superior conjunction) up to a maximum of 68 arc seconds at new (inferior conjunction).

Core: Venus is in many ways similar to Earth in its structure. It has an iron core that is approximately 2,000 miles (3,200 kilometers) in radius. Above that is a mantle made of hot rock slowly churning due to the planet's interior heat.

Temperature: about 900 degrees Fahrenheit

The planet's surface temperature is about 900 degrees Fahrenheit (465 degrees Celsius)—hot enough to melt lead.

Diameter: 12,104 km

The diameter of Venus is 12,103.6 km (7,520.8 mi)—only 638.4 km (396.7 mi) less than Earth's—and its mass is 81.5% of Earth's.

Atmosphere: The atmosphere of Venus is composed of 96.5% carbon dioxide, 3.5% nitrogen, and traces of other gases, most notably sulfur dioxide.

Carbon dioxide: 96.5 %

Sulfur dioxide: 150 ppm

Carbon monoxide: 17 ppm

Average surface pressure: 93 bar (1,350 psi)

Age: 4.503 billion years

Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. About 29% of Earth's surface is land consisting of continents and islands. The remaining 71% is covered with water, mostly by oceans but also by lakes, rivers, and other fresh water, which together constitute the hydrosphere.

Age: 4.543 billion years

Distance from Sun: 149.6 million km

Population: 7.674 billion (2019) World Bank

Alternative names: Gaia, Gaea, Terra, Tellus, the world, the globe

Surface pressure: 101.325 kPa (at MSL)

Orbital period: 365 days

Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes 365.256 days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi).

Atmosphere: Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0.9 percent argon, and 0.1 percent other gases. Trace amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, and neon are some of the other gases that make up the remaining 0.1 percent.

Moon: Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the fifth largest moon in the solar system. The Moon's presence helps stabilize our planet's wobble, which helps stabilize our climate. The Moon's distance from Earth is about 240,000 miles (385,000km). The Moon has a very thin atmosphere called an exosphere.

Moon/Distance to Earth: 384,400 km

Moon Mass: (1024 kg)

Number of Species: 1 trillion

In 2011 a study published in PLoS Biology estimated there to be 8.7 million ± 1.3 million eukaryotic species on Earth. A 2016 study concludes that Earth is home to 1 trillion species.

Human Population:7.8 Billion

7.8 Billion (2021)

The current world population is 7.8 billion as of March 2021 according to the most recent United Nations estimates elaborated by Worldometer. The term "World Population" refers to the human population (the total number of humans currently living) of the world.

Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the "Red Planet".

Moons: Phobos, Deimos Trending

Gravity: 3.711 m/s²

Distance from Sun: 227.9 million km

Orbital period: 687 days

Surface pressure: 0.636 (0.4–0.87) kPa; 0.00628 atm

Core: This artist's concept of the interior of Mars shows a hot liquid core that is about one-half the radius of the planet. The core is mostly made of iron with some possible lighter elements such as sulfur. "Earth has an outer liquid iron core and solid inner core.

Wind: World of Wind and Dust

Strong and relentless, the Martian winds are still changing the landforms of Mars today. ... Surface winds typically move about 16 to 32 kilometers (10 to 20 miles) per hour. The Viking Landers measured speeds of up to 113 kilometers (70 miles) per hour during dust storms.

Sunrise

Viking 2 captured a Martian sunrise on June 14, 1978. ... And, in 2019, NASA's Insight lander returned several views of Martian sunrises and sunsets that also captured parts of the spacecraft on a dusty plain.

Name Origin of 2 moons: The two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos. They are irregular in shape. Both were discovered by American astronomer Asaph Hall in August 1877 and are named after the Greek mythological twin characters Phobos (fear) and Deimos (panic) who accompanied their father Ares into battle.

Size: Diameter 6,779 km