Battle of Karbala, on October 10, 680 [10th of Muḥarram, ah 61], a brief military engagement in which a small party led by al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAli grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and son of ʿAli, the fourth caliph, was defeated and massacred by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazid.