Let the story begins

I would like to share my simple story, along with my dear friends, classmates, co-workers, relatives, family members, and to our nation and neighborhood countries and their own citizens. Perhaps majority of us like in these life stories  and especially in our modern times, the most common thing that will usually remind us are those preamble or biography of the writer or why he/she thought to write or share his story. Sorry, but honestly, I don't like to read books or write things down specifically when it comes to personal and private life. I started writing this since 2013, but until now, I have not finished it. By the way, the reason why I write this journal was because of the environment that me and my family is going through and at the same time, exposed our life in this form of different small scale of corruption. But I was more inspired to continue it, basically because of fear and anxiety that it may bring in the future. Later, I will give more emphasize in what circumstances that I'm pointing about and somehow remind our fellows inner understanding how it could affect our lives and the way we adapt this to our life. The simple act of whistle blowing or revelation that I will uncover was my own decision and my family member and our other relatives do not have any relation or attachment to this. Yep, courage and strong spirituality to allow myself to stand and do what is right for our people, our freedom, our democracy, our concept in what legal constitution that we have. Throughout the human life , our slogan was always, the youth or our young men and women are the hope of our nation. Every first quarter of the year, there are new graduates from different school, institutions or universities. There are many groups, practitioner in each institution whether from newly elected officers from public or private entities.  Our youth are the hope of our nation. But with every paces they came up and confront, there are also many old and unlawful practices that mixed of common petty acts of corruption that enters their mind and personality. In simple comprehension, there are acts which are not part of our legal concept of constitution that are being obeyed, processes, conduct and develop year by year. These are the common small scale of deception and dishonesty that most of us usually noticed in different platforms, whether from media, newspaper, magazine or through our daily personal interaction. Its been part of our own ways, but sad to say, it is not legal and not pertaining any Republic Acts and its chapter and section, it could be more consider as petty or small form of corrupt practices by our own civilian. The large number of our population, not only in our country but as well to other countries population, and their inner jurisdiction of laws. Many of us we want everything to made and done fast. What our parents can do or adults can make, we usually want to meet or overpass. Even there are activities that are violating and against our legal rights and required by the law. This is probably one of the reasons why I'm also hesitant to continue it because of the sensitivity that may open and give little idea of the minds of some of our beloved fellow Filipino citizens. The pages which I written have their own facts and supporting documents, but up to this moment, I am still searching of simple words for compelling everybody to stand and do his part in advocating our battle against these acts. I want you to understand and be idealist in achieving our Government goals to narrow down and put more clarity in every kind of corruption linger around our Societies, developing Municipalities, and Cities that we can't barely noticed or even have power to stop. Most often to our country, the Philippine and our various rules of laws written down to every single textbook. I included what form of government that we have and its different rules of laws in our country. Because many of us not even knew even a single RA or the section it state about our rights. It seems that most of us, even our local Government officers and their constituents are not giving much of importance and emphasis this to their lives. Like the Republic Act 386 Chapter 2 Human Relation and Philippine Constitution, Article III Section 3, pertaining our right of privacy. Those vast group of people who facilitate it voluntarily making this as a way of living. Most of the time and majority of our population, as Filipino, was more concentrate of these acts than by our written laws and not providing adequate resolution why most of our countrymen are distant when it comes to our civil laws. Usually in everyday life, it is seldom acknowledged and remember or remind by personalities which do provide services to us, like Public Attorney's Office, Lawyers, Notary Offices. In fact, even our school teachers, Government officials, doesn't gave our citizens a major emphasis and explanation in what thus it stating. I always tried to watch from time to time the program about anti corrupt practices acts and the title of the program was the psychology of corruption by channel TV 5 (Bilang Pilipino 2016, Anong say mo!) The program was for the coming election to our country. For me, I had this deeper advocacy from the time I watched the program. Simple program but full of good and constructive critism to us, to our nation. Because of the program, it open up my ideas and understanding on what is happening inside a person, and why she/he commit and acts that way. Today we live in a community, where there are different forms of practices that are being conduct and has a regular routine of activity. Before I go and dig deeper, please give me time, to introduce myself. Hi, my name is Manuel. I'm 40 years old, single, never had my own family. Did not have time to flirt to other woman, maybe because of the struggles which our Mom had experienced, so as much as possible, I am more comfortable of being an introvert. Right now I'm working in the BPO as a non voice representative. This was my first time to worked in the industry. Before, my previous job was in retail and I lasted in this job industry for more than 11 to 13 years now. My last employer was at Toy' R Us the world greatest toys store. Maybe most of you are very familiar in this retail store. Yep, you are right, you heard it right, this company was the rivalry of SM's Toy Kingdom. I do know if you are a new baby boomer customer or employee, and the competition is a bit change by now. As an Associate and as a Concessionaire before in the small company, Kids Gallery and Infant Product Gallery Corp. Our products that we provide was generally about battery operated cars and assorted toy products with generic brands that came to other foreign countries. I'd known several talented employees who id been in many years and up to this day, we still connected but only if there is time. Customers who will give you extra tip as long as you put extra mile of service with them and on the other hand, there are those frequent customers and guess who will make some employees ate their heart away. Other would make you smile and others would also make you laugh but always be aware of those customers who will step in your personality as human and regular worker only. I'm the youngest of the two. Me and my elder sister. Right now, our date and time was in March 25, 2020, and a lot of things are happening. To be specific of the event, its been 2nd week since we are quarantine at home and this was because of the Corona Virus or CONVID19. I tried to attempt again in writing and finalizing my story. From this moment, I was inactive at my job because of the Pandemic state of most of our Country in the whole continent. But yet privilege because of the time given, to be with my family and to attend other courses which I could level up some of my skill. This event was almost put everybody on hold, lot of our businesses and employees stop their job and closed their establishment because large number of our civilians was put in home quarantine because of the effect of the deadly virus to human. It was deadly because a lot of our front liners, in medicine and other businesses, risk their lives just to provide services to us and more numbers of people had passes away because of the effect of the virus. So while I'm continuing to write down again of the journal of my life, another tragedy of event came to our country. Before of this event, I make few list of unforgotten event in Philippine history: November 08, 213, the super typhoon Yolanda (Typhoon Haiyan). January 15, 2015, the visitation of Pope Francis. Different earthquakes in our country, from the last quarter of year 2019 up to the first quarter of 2020The eruption and crater glow of Mayon volcano from January 30, to March, 2020. When the time I tend in writing again, did you know that every word and sentences my mind could think of, there are also of those Intruders who tried to intimidate and make irritating voices or sounds like hammering of walls, loud voices, smashing of doors, utensils, or by making of disturbance, meddling or annoying and vexing.

Chapter 1 Reminiscing Childhood Days and little achievements made

I just thought of trying to make a story where I could express myself to our other Filipinos and the situation which we're now struggling and to show everyone, our reinforcement and lowly people is that the affection to our nation is much higher than of corruption. I would like to portray as an ordinary citizen of my beloved fellows. I am not a son of a politician or living in an expensive subdivision or village. My parents are only ordinary citizens of their native land. My father and his siblings was all native Ilocano's, who tried their luck in Manila during their time. Fortunately, their eldest sister, was lucky enough because of her hard work, compassion and dedication in her job in reality sales. Our Aunt and her husband save and invest their first home somewhere in Pasig. With regards to our Mother, she is a native woman who grew up in Pangasinan. My mother had intimacy with her first husband and had their first family. But their marriage did not last. The reason of their separation was I do not have any idea, but I could tell it's more on family differences and conflicts of marriage. We are the second family of our Mother. I will give more of the details about what happen to our Mom in the last round of my story. When I was a little boy, I was one of those kid who are fortunate in their family, Ever since I was in elementary school, most of my classmates during that time, their parent have other family or some of them is now abandoned their family member. Today, in our time, I guess broken families was just too common to any other philanthropist or parents , compared in the past and for me this has been part of our revolution thru our family and to those people who plans to have partner. Our Filipino culture was not nourished to what is now discussed in our laws and what our old and new government wanting to our Filipino marriage set up. We all knew that in terms of the tools, culture, education, religion, lifestyle and the other things we need to develop ourselves, our families, our nation still needing of guidance by experienced countries but not to the extend that even those wrong practices in marriage, which would enter any relationship or marriages. For me, life is not really about what you are looking for, but how we will somehow learn to adapt it in our own legal and righteous set. Republic Act 386 Title III, Chapter 1 Requisites of Marriage.

Now let us walk through with my elementary or preparatory years. I remember during my elementary days, instead of studying the lessons of our subject by our school teachers, I used to be with friends or classmates where our daily routine was to play different games (street game) like running base, basketball, jolens, others like strolling to places like malls or traveling to other villages to compete of basketball or other street games. Elementary was one of the happiest part of my life as a kid. Please do not think that i want to brag or boast, but even though I love going out with friends and doing what we wanted. I'm still fortunate as a student at Dela Paz Elementary School because I am one of those who always be selected by our Elementary Subject Teacher to take part and compete in various quiz bee contests, such as subjects in (Math, English, Filipino and Science and Technology). At that time I able to attend in different schools quiz bee competition in the following municipalities of Pasig, Marikina, Valenzuela and Quezon City. Even though I like going with my friend and have fun I still tend and give time on my studies. Funny? Isn't it? Not all kids have this kind of privilege, most of my acquaintances of my classmates, if you experience to study in public school ? Some of them even at the young age would now make ways to earn money and to help their family. Others would sell packs of cigarettes and in the morning they would help their parent's household chores. Few of them would sell newspapers, old and used bottles, rugs and anything else where it could generate income and help their family. Our life back those years are just enough for us as a family. My dad used to worked in a little paint company, he worked there as an accountant executive. Our Father graduated from Rizal Technological Institution but later it is now become Rizal Technological University where he took up BS Major in Accounting course which I also studied my college but unfortunately I did not took the chance to graduate. My father was one of the great person in the world for me who I honor and respect, not because he's our Father, but because of his dedication as a loving Dad, though I knew there are times our Father make bad decision but if you get to know to him more deep inside, you would said to yourself how beautiful is his heart. When our parents separate ways. Our Father during that time was also retrench in his past employer and this was so hard to us. Because most of our necessities in our life, it comes to our Dad job. But as a Father, he did his very best part as a parent, stood up and provide all the things that we need during those difficult times. Often when me and my dad used to have some bonding moments, he would usually tell story about his past how rough times their life that he had gone through when he was young. He learn how important to persevere and as well to study hard just to attain his dream in graduating in his major course in college without the help of their parents. With all of the five siblings, he was the only the siblings who graduated in college. But, I think, base in what I normally notice to him, it also gave himself to be tempted and be open in small scale corrupt practices and it's become part of his lives, not just him, but as well in their families. In general, even when I enter my college, many of my classmate before, seems to be part of the this habit.

Chapter 2 The Unexpected Events

I hope that in my elementary days I gave some new insight in you. Now, I will try to tell my high school years. During this years, we experience many unexpected events that will change our normal life. But also open new hope and lesson to us. I attend high school from first year to fourth year at Rizal High school in Rosario Barangay Caniogan Pasig City. When I was at my first year, I still remember the school building i went, the building was still constructing in that time and there are no tables, chairs, ceilings, and windows. In one room there are two sections of students and our table chair during that years was nothing, we only seated with crossed legs or Indian seat. With such large number of students and then two separate sections of students combined in one room. Our teachers did was put the curtain in the middle of the two long room of the two section in order to keep the classes silence and proper harmony to one another. But as we begun our lessons and the teaching of our teachers, it is somewhat incomprehensible to teach and adapting it, when two sections are shouting or speaking at the same time. This is what our teachers and the other section and other teachers who represent their students often do and always experienced day by day. They called a meeting about this problem. Our teachers used to do so (selling to earn money, the same is true because most of our beloved teachers are the bread winner in their own family). They have just told us students to slightly reduce and lessen students noise when it comes to laughter or loud voices when teachers are teaching. Teachers would usually tell us, just have a little patience, because our main school building was still constructing. I remember back then, because we were in the same room with only curtain at the middle. Some of my former classmates couldn't help but have jokes especially for male students who every time when there were beautiful and sexy female students, with curve body and attractable eyes. Most of them would scream and would have some different lines of comedy. I remember there are times when our teachers called one of our classmates to speak or to have a recitation class, because the barrier is just a curtain, there are days it is inevitable to answer by the student in the other section. So know the next will happen students can't help but laugh and again scream and make nosie as well. Our instructor who have no sales of his products that day, can't help also to laugh and smile. Once again all the teachers have a meeting, to discuss how can it be avoided if the same class or section is in one room, especially if the same teacher is teaching the same subject to. So when that scenario happened, our teachers re-adjusted their teaching schedule. In a room that has two sections it should not be the same subject that the teacher is teaching, to maintain the proper policy and regulation of the school and students. High school life was really and truly memorable years for most of us. The emotions, the curiosity, the inspiration, admiration and the various activities mainly we encounter and memories that would be with us as we grow older. During that time we have unexpected events and struggles moment and we almost lost everything, the light of our family, our mother almost lost her good mental condition. This was also the time when our father lay off and was retrenched in his job. At that time, my parents was now had a regular quarrel and fought to each other. And it was because of the scenario that our Dad had in his job. Until our mother left (this part was the worst because I would try to open up what our family experienced and been part of this malignant scheme of corrupt acts in our environment) us without any formal separation or proper communication with our parents. Due of the circumstances, we were forced to live in my Aunt's house in Pasig. At first when we were starting to live by with our Aunt's house, it was uncomfortable and difficult, because we were nourished at a lifestyle which we can do anything we wanted or doing things on our own. I remember the things, the equipments, which we had and was bought by our parents because of their hard earned money. Some are broken; others are still in good shape but never used for long time. Some where barrowed but later did not returned anymore. For me during those hard times, I was never really that aware or of the feelings same as the adult, specifically of our parents, and mostly of our Father feelings when our beloved Mother left us. He had no support for our livelihood and a helping hand who can help him or us to build our family and ourfuture. But fortunately, as time goes, we used to lived in a normal life and take advance in our life which we had before. My aunt was the eldest of their siblings. Our Father used to be the caretaker of our Aunt's children, our cousin.

Chapter 3 The joyous and sadness moment in life

The houses that once stood on them were as old as they were now. That's exactly the case even up to now or with families which just starting out. Whether the people who are now well known or places that are better known today, it also starts with small, sometimes that's another individual from the beginning. But with perseverance, hard work, discipline or whatever other positive aspects or perspectives we have in life as long as it is our weapon to withstand the challenges of life, it is somehow sufficient to succeed in our goals in our life. Our world was so large and the meaning of our lives was so profound. I am just one of those people who aspire to make my dreams to come true. At least even in here, just an imagination of what we want in life. Even just in writing our simple goals, simple aspiration and experiences in life that we could no longer back. Justices, integrity and laws that was taken away by us as time goes by. It's also nice to write something like this, because it can makes you feel good and make it clear in what you want to express and to stand in what is right. Probably it's easier, when it comes in writing your own simple story when gradually some of them are now achieve or slowly coming. As I write this story, the election was just over (May 13, 2013) and President Benigno Aquino was being elected as President during that election. Also, as I continue again my writing, our country's President was now President Rodrigo Duterte. I would not include their different approach on how they conduct their own style of governance, but without much doubt, most of us knew what system are being manifest n our country and much of this are not aligned in our Philippine constitution and other related rule of laws. I still faithfully believe that most of our leaders are born with a kind heart and philanthropist in their own ways, it just that, we're not only the country that live in the planet earth and much of our people and country's development was we adapt to other develop countries and their good leaders. As long as you have good intentions for our nation, our families and other people, people we indeed saw your kindness and your sincerity. Oftenly we don't work, whether in government or in large corporations, whether you are an actor or entertainer, they can be also affected by either negative or positive happenings in our environment. It only depends on how we will try to understand it or how we would think what's always right, specifically when it is about or regarding to injustices and laws that are incorporate with that. But the point of my story, and why I wrote it is to share with our human being creatures the very dangers of this as we headed in the new age of technology, the decades, centuries, thousands years of combating corruption and wanting to resolve our human adaptation issues in here and how it perpetuate to us and to our environment. The problem that we are facing was already known since the time of Jesus and his disciples, but our human incapability of reaching the numerous important bible verses was also seen to many of us. Our weak habit of living the holistic way was much seen as we are heading in our digital modern world of living. Our past and the violation that we always encounter was not new to our constitution. But the problem is we do not always gave more time, emphasis and attention the simple acts of corrupt practices, which are ingrain to everyone of us, by every family, institution, aspiring youth and leaders who should administer what is wrong. I call this as unknown corrupt practices, why? Like what I had mentioned, there are abundant of hidden small acts or practices contrary to what are written to our laws and many of our citizen involve the cluster of middle class C, class D and class E Filipino families. In general, much of the percentage of the population of the world are living in this cluster, if only we could encourage, compel and educate the large portion of our human population, regarding our legal constitution to every country that we reside, hopefully we could provide easily the wrong ways and dangers of petty acts of corrupt practices in their minds and way of living.

Chapter 4 Unexpected facts and investigation towards corrupt practices

 The first thing I would usually take noticed in their illegal form of practices is the behavior or emotion and the ability of a person to think was often distorted, his or her emotion about what is legal, sacred and agree with our internal rule of laws or even our Bible seems to be deviate by other civilians who facilitate this kind of petty acts. Today in this generation especially in small communities or similar to our municipal town or residential address, there are small scale of different corrupt practices that are being done and processed in here. Like those families who had the same form of living and those who led different association in villages have such the same corrupted methods. Many of our civilians take this as a way of their living and large number of our population are not being aware of what specific laws thus they violate and in the long run, it is now ingrained and being made as practices in daily living by our people instead of treating it as an anomaly. I think one of the reasons is that their very thoughts and emotions are not well educated and several times in many cases among our Filipino citizen who lived by and grew up in our land and provinces, it was pass and inherited by the next generation of their family. Misled in our very thoughts, but what happens to our reality or people's perception and the ability to be hostile was also because of too much misleading information when it comes to our legal rights and the seldom and few numbers of ads of corruption which advertise by our giant network companies. I see that there are those segrated families or person who in this way have molded their personalities, even when they are little as kids, particularly, have such nourishment passed on by their adult caretakers or any member of their families. Therefore such people who worked in our public institutions, public schools and agencies of different departments especially of government employees or law enforcement or even private companies and institutions, have these kinds of perception and acknowledgement and by which are contradicting to our Philippine Constitution and Civil code of the Philippines. In other cases, this may seem like a normal daily routine in life, but many of our republic acts and section, pertaining of these acts are against the laws. It is also one of the sad part of my story, but up to this day there are lessons that we need to advocate and how we will try to stop this acts. I do not want to exposed of those persons, leaders who facilitate this acts, but to be able to share it to our nation's and countrymen that those are forms of small scale of corruption, generally to our needy brothers and sisters who most of the time affected of this kind of corruption. In my next journal, I will share with you some of their ways in which other individuals conspire or have conspiracy in this acts of deception. I also included some programs which may help combatting corruption in our country. This was about reforming our government institution. Here are the five recommendation came from another professor in UP, and here is what he said: we need a vision, leadership and political will, act of citizens engagement about defining different forms of corrupt practices, reform mindset, paradigms, and behavior, reform institutions processes and procedures. It also involves shaping our families with their children such as building a culture of integrity at home, school and workplace. Defining corruption in different field or areas such as family, community, barangays, town and cities, and such or people who worked in different department, jobs, programs, association or organization like social media, public, private.. Such different TV programs for example different tele novela, noontime show, news program, etc. Nowadays when you take time and notiçed the various television programs, especially American movies or novela's that was translated by a dubber's, there are petty corrupt acts done in here as well, which are not many of us care about, but it shrinks our character, our obedience to what is written to our laws, our capability to determine and be aware on what is stating in our ( Human Relation) and last is our own good personality. Specifically because the large portion of our population are not really paying attention to what deception is being conduct in here like the intrusion to our very personal lives, even there are prohibition or stating byf our Republic Acts, RA 386, Chapter 2, Human Relation, only to gave way to be patronize their own product by their audience. Today their inhuman practices was now had been lessen or alleviated. You would be surprise because as of now while I'm continuing writing my story, their inhuman activities seem to be diminished significantly. I would like to write and share with you this trend, the idea of those small acts of corruption, so that some of us would be aware on how they operate their infringing activities. I included this, because their movement, action, seems to be well plan, scheme and not by accident only. If you will have time, try to read on what I want to emphasize. As I said, take time to read some of our textbook like the Philippines Constitution (Article III Bill of Rights, Section 3- Right of Privacy) or our Civil Code of the Philippines, Republic Act 386, Section 1 (Effects and Application of Laws) and Section 2 (Human Relation).

Meaning of right of privacy (Bill of Rights, Section 3)

The right of privacy is concisely defined as the right to be left alone. It has also been defined as the right of a person to be free from undesired publicity, or disclosure of his communication and correspondence and as the right to live without unwarranted interference by the public in matters with which the public is not necessarily concerned. 

Chapter 5 Going deeper and the clear evidence of the small acts corruption

As the Pope visited, various television programs, even government and different agencies played a part in this acts of corrupt practices. In the village where we reside, right across from our home, there have been several programs and activities as well. Despite that time, different tragedies such as hurricanes and disasters was also occurred. But what I want for most us to see and understand is that we really have a division of our citizen, not only of our elites or class A citizen, but as well of simple communities or villages. There are seasons of our weather, because of the clustered group of people who conduct this malpractices, in my way of gathering of their acts and data, they could also control or manipulate our weather, like later the sun will be as hot as it seems and then later, as long as their group are together, the clouds would now be as dark, all of a sudden. It seems most the time this happen, when other person or individual is at risk while they doing their malpractices. Today is March 2020; I'd been in my recent employer for the past two years. Year 2018 up to 2019, there are still months that rain come. Like what I said in my previous statement when the time I was jobless, those years are full and filled of rainy seasons. If anyone of you living in our country or have family member or relatives living in here, you may noticed of these changing of weather, while their group facilitate and conduct their small scale of corrupt practices.There are group of family, like the one which is residing in our side, I could tell and been regularly watching their practices, this family have a lot of petty acts of corruption they knew and which they processes, scattered and conspired in several families and other individuals living in our villages, outside and inside of the Municipal town of Rodriguez Rizal barangay San Rafael. And why do I say so because I'd been part of their scheme. This was happen when I was retrench in my last employer and I did not force myself to search for a job which I do not have any association or any close attachment, but been part of their corrupt acts. This revelation was not to put them in jeopardy but to inspire and stand those civilian who have knowledge and participation of the same acts of malpractices. I was part of their scheme because of my curiosity and unawareness on their scheme and what will it bring to our life. I came to the point or time that I can't bear it longer, and I tried to approached our agency directly to the Ombudsman, but to my surprise and being emotional, the first time I called and talked about it, the person on the other line of the phone, maybe anyone of you will have an idea or feeling that the person on the other line knew already what I'm talking about or trying to complaint. But only make excuses and diverted the issues instead of the complaint which I want to raise. Most often, they would mention, you need to go on the process. The complaint was all about the corrupt practices of our civilian but sad to say, many of our officers in our government are also part of these unlawful acts. If anyone who has read it or if you have experienced it, maybe you would get annoyed or argue it out with what is stated in our Philippine Constitution, but if you are someone new, you might then say foul words or make you think foul words or action. But as what I said, this seems to be our very own system or attachment of small corrupt practices between government and private institutions that usually we as a majority of our civilian did not had any idea and how it constitute to our bills. As I said in my earlier posts, this is just a short story I want to share, but even in here, we need to take a lot of time of the various forms of small corrupt practices of our countrymen, maybe it would be nice to explain and give us more details on how they process it. It is much great if we will understand or if you have a vocational course, try reading articles on our constitution, I think even if we amend the form of our government, the laws written in here, will still have its method. Addressing and focusing to every area of why small acts of corruption was not being lessen, alleviated and remove was merely insignificant to majority of our countrymen, instead many of our institution and their employees was being deceive by these illegal acts and later most of the number of them are now part of these scheme. No matter how good a government or form of government could be provided for a country and its people, if the concept and nourishment and processes of our citizens in adapting our concrete written laws was not deeply established in our mind and heart, the governing ones and its management has a tendency of following similar acts of corrupt practices. Before I may forget here are some of the things I discovered and investigated on some trends that are mixed with corrupt practices. First is the intrusion into one's personal private lives whether it is the physical, emotional or the things that a person was thinking. Meddling and prying to every private personal life and thoughts of a person, or the family members private life as well. Today even ordinary people, have this ability to intrude or pry the very thoughts and actions of an individual. In our own Filipino families, this issue was not so open, but mind you, in our time it was very widespread among other people, in the provinces or far away remote areas. It is often violated that it expresses itself in our constitution or civil code. The existing laws relating to this trend have not been replaced. But if you know how to investigate what is happening to our people or civilians, it seems that our civilians are always caught up in negative emotion or encouraging us even in a way of injustices of perception, instead of doing actions what's written in our rule of laws and what violation that most of us violate. Irritating noises, hammering of walls, loud revolution of vehicle, uttering insulting words, intrusion of personal life. Maybe at the start, most of us won't even notice these things, but now, I've found that even this physical unlawful activity these are now being utilized as corrupted acts.. Even young children today, their practices are becoming more or less in what they are doing and frequently they saw this thru those persons much older with them. If you would be trap or would be bait, you can't seem to notice that you are one of their victims. Another thing of my findings is that from dawn to morning, just like in our community, right where we live, because we are only blocks away on the basketball court, there are groups of different demographics like students, youth volleyball and basketball players, or seniors, teachers, adult men, women or even tricycle drivers, vendors who sell their products and of those several programs, like birthdays, sing-alongs, zumba dances, etc are part of these acts which are written in our constitution. Any places or location you may go, you would found out that almost all people, civilians are doing the same small scale of corruption, from children up to adult and to our senior citizens. Just to have a proof, of the statement I'm saying in here, I attached in my story the picture of the group of the people who regularly play basketball in our places or many of them its been their hang up place but they facilitate and conduct in here small acts of corruption. As I noticed, there acts and activities was now widely spread among our young people, because as what I mentioned early, even group of students, group of players, group employees and other groups and programs are doing these acts to those civilians or individual families that they could target, particularly of those single or individual person or family. 



Those groups of young men and teenagers have regular practices which they usually conduct in the basketball where our home is few blocks away. As you may noticed almost all unit of houses built in here are townhouse type of unit. Our house or the unit of the house that we live are just infront of the court. If someone of you, who may experience what I'm trying to state in my story about the petty corruption that has been a regular or daily habit of this group of men, I'm definitely sure you would feel the anguish of emotion, pain within you because of the regular unlawful, irritating, intimidating, vexation, and intrusion of one's privacy. Not included of those family or families and their member of the family who also conspired in the same malignant practices. I believe that most of us and even you as you could barely read the lines that I'm trying to explain and give emphasize in my story and the acts of different forms of corruption that has been a normal thing and exercise here. Even those playing basketball, and student programs could now be a way of conducting petty acts of corruption in our communities. At the start of my introduction it is not that I'm want to expose in the whole entire World, their malpractices to us as a civilians and resident but what I'm doing is I'm trying to connect for those of our legal , firms, offices. Your authority and accountability in addressing and finding other ways to lessen or correct this kind of wrong believe and practices of our countrymen to our society and to those individual families who are nourished and grew up in this living or livelihood. It is difficult to make someone understand a thing if he or even his families are not well educated about the corruption and the different Republic Acts that we have in our country. And much more difficult if they are not willing to coordinate and comprehend it and at the end, just like what I now said, large number of our population, our people are resistant and notr eally knew our different rules of our laws. Or of those persons who are trying to explain on what is illegal practices they conduct and disseminate. But if these acts has been their source of living or way of living and had been install, nourish in their own character or personality. Like our family, who also had the same conduct, horizon, and concept. As a regular worker in our company what could be our best contribution to address the intractable, deeply rooted acts of corruption.

 Chapter 6 Finding other ways and providing transparent accountabilities in every area of small acts of corrupt activities.

I have read books that are similar to this topic I am writing about, but I have only realized how important things and the methods which we have in our minds that most of our civilians do not often pay attention to, most of them we have that concept or that view of us especially in the country in which we live, it seems far beyond what kind of government we have, what is our policies, regulations dictate, and vice versa. daily life and citizenship, and often, in different forms of corrupt practices our minds are concentrated. Likewise, this is also what I want to share especially with individuals or groups of people or anyone who is against corrupt practices or has their advocacy when it comes to this kind of anomally. Maybe it's different from some of us who are somewhat aware of it or maybe some of them are against, but eventually, they are among those who spread and nows conducted the work. This is the malady of our own deception thru corrupting our own very emotions and minds thru diffent forms of anomalous corrupt practices. It hurts, but in my simple view, even our own government, thru different sectors and agencies, involve or do have the same horizon in these corrupt acts. Sometimes you don't know if you will sympathize, you laugh at the protesters or the protesters supposedly our beloved countrymen, because I have just discovered, those are bad things, there are mixed corruption here. Right from the beginning of my story, I have mentioned that my own family has this kind of horizon or perspective of activists, even from their own clans, so it is deeply rooted corruption. I, myself, write my story. And even up to now, my journey towards life, my family and love one's are still suffering from this the same acts and malpractices. It is very difficult at times to nourish our progress as individuals or beings in the development of our good habits, habits, cultures, etc., because now my awareness of these things seems to be more open. happening in our environment, how we sometimes develop or develop a town, companies, governments and its affiliates, that are different forms of corrupt acts, especially to our poor people. They seem to be quick to pre-empt, be tempted or worst belong to syndicates that are simply village dwellers. Now even ordinary citizens, have the ability to somehow know what the other person is thinking, or what she / he is doing in her private life. That dignity, descency, private life, well known to other ordinary civilians. But on the one hand, if you think well, because that's different from us, they are responsible for these wrong practices, because of this they process or take away their daily lives. on the other hand, you seem confused at the same time because it lowers our personality. So how can we convince ourselves gradually, that it is misleading what is actually stated in our principles and our good character as citizens of our country. The most difficult thing to imagine and actual civilians can do, is that he or she will sometimes think about what is right and what is right, but divide and conquer groups, and individuals there. I wish I could be more enlightened especially to our civilians who seem to be victimized by such groups, privately or publicly, in our establishments, departments, institutions. Often or most of them, there is a mixture of persuasion or confusion, sarcasm or beatings, joking or speaking offensive words. To cut it short, this could be the new form of unknown corrupt practices that our people are mostly encountering, experiencing. Same mind, same acts of corrupt practices. Hopefully it's more obvious that we want to be implemented by our civilians, rather than spreading different forms of corrupt practices. Especially in our day, individual families are becoming more and more involved. But when you really examine or pay attention, every individual family, as I mentioned, is happening to us today, even though a teenager or an individual has never been able to become a family. Once they are involved or involved in these practices, you will be surprised that they are married. But what is worse with some of our newly married couples, when time flies, normally they also conduct the same practices of corruption. Especially some of those families belonging to class c, e and d family, the average or middle class Filipino family and some elite family belonging to class a and b, they usually utilized that same malpractices. they usually utilized that same malpractices.

  Chapter 7 Our Awareness of our Philippine Constitution and Civil Code of the Philippines and other related rule of laws

 Obviously majority of us, our people do not live according to our written laws, in a wealthy and healthy environment, which you will not doubt or hear or feel discourage. As of now, I still can't finalize this story, I'm slowly feeling the pressure of their inhuman acts and corrupt practices, I admit, my family members and I myself, have negligence and shortcoming but if the unlawful practices and below the belt that they will conduct and neither way, this acts will only will only engrained to our people and mostly to our young men and women. The issue of corruption will also and always escape on its own way, without us knowing and didn't do any resolution and addressing the petty corrupt acts. Which should bring justice to every citizen of our country, just as it. Whatever happening in our environment to our civilians, whether we are experiencing or passing on our wrongdoings, perceptions that are mixed with temptation, you seem to be left alone with the wrong perspective, wrong emotions. In my opinion, they must be exposed to legal process or otherwise, they have liabilities and liabilities to those stated in our laws and there as they do wrong. So maybe it is being used as a form of corruption, which is the ground of the penalty in our law here, really ignored, or it may be said, It will not be felt or felt by some. Because there are below 10 year olds involved in these practices or maybe we should say, we are not aware of what our law says, it should be more aware of what our laws say, they are often non-conformists, especially those with families, with children. Maybe right now, no matter if your area or location in the provinces, it may only apply when it is a remote area, not accessible to water, electricity, especially informative rules and regulations. But here, in our area, in our location, he is accessible, quickly adapting to what information or citizens must do. Case in point, things are different, interference, self-realization is what happens to us often. But the trend is here, not only this, because usually to our civilians, they have used it as a new form of corrupt practices. If you, you resident, it happens to us regularly across the basketball court, it is the wrongdoings of the hangers here, the players playing, the noise, the buzzing, the neighbors knocking on the wall. It must and there should somehow initiative in our other Filipino families and their own family members. Families and each member of their family must have ideas and background about the normal and regular acts of corruption and how they will put demand and some ceasement in this kind of acts. What Some family members do here, especially minors, of students, seems to have access to or approval of their elders as they do when they hurt other people. Like what the other near by school and their respective employees who had events in here. I could literally say, that majority of those teachers and their students have common associate in these petty corrupt acts. I respect and respect, our beloved schools faculty teachers, but you also know for yourself that what I'm saying is true. 

 Chapter 8 Final ( Our Beloved Mother )

Now, here is the last part of the story about of our Mother and this what happened to her and also why these forms of corrupt acts are also part of our lives. Our mother grew up in the province of Malasique Pangasinan, but when she was growing up as a woman, most of her teenage and college years, was gradually nourished in Dagupan City by her own relatives living there. In fact, I don't have much background to our mother's family and educational life. I just remember, when we were young, we usually had an occasionally vacation in the province and town of our Mom. The place where our Mother was born was in a very simple community where there are small number of families living. The kind of the houses built in their place was almost the same of those families living in the slam area or what they usually called squatters area, in short they are those Filipino families who are also looking for good opportunity in life, similar to our boxing champion Sen. Manny Pacquiao who also live in slam area and do not have anything in life. I remember, the small houses stand along by the flowing river, and there were nature, trees, and animals live in the same small community. My mother I always think when ever I tried to look in our photo album before, when she was still young will stand among her colleagues. Because of her beautiful skin and body at that time and at the same time beautiful eyes. Maybe this is the reason why our Tatay fell in love with our Mother. I remember during those glimpses in my memory, most of them are complacent and not worried much of their situation and the place they had. To our Mother's cousins, nieces, aunts or some neighboring houses build around the river. But maybe the people in these communities really do. They do not think too much about what is going on around them and what situation they are in. What is it called? They seem to be molded by time but in a poorly devloped environment and adapting our environment in a deceptive way. Yes, most of the people who lived there were happy, but as you can imagine, almost all of our small villages in our country, this is what they love or do. But we don't often see or think about the wrong things going on here. As I said earlier, I grew up with classmates and friends who also live in poverty and most of them have the same maturity, adaptation and progression in life. It looks like there are walls or separate boundaries when it comes to those families. The majority of our populations are living in class d and most of those families are scattered or isolated in differerent part of our communities. Most of them are residing in here in National Capital Region. 70% average middle class Filipino families, but we should not focus on the volume or percentage of it, if not for what kind of lifestyle or less expose our fellow countrymen. How can I say it more easily? Or in a business called product processing and How to market it to Some or a number of customers. It is almost the same, only in cases of small corrupt acts or practices. I just say to myself, we are Filipino, we live in our own country, but why some civilians do or our citizens seem to be divided. That's exactly what some government official says, making us, I understand, difficult to expose, especially our own countrymen who have misapplied our legal requirements. My mother has a romance with her first marriage and they have their own three children. I remember, I was only in Grade two or three. All of a sudden, teenagers, even the beautiful One half elder sister, were probably mixing our Mother and her Dad's. Our father, I don't think he knows and totally have knowledge in the background of our Mom past that she has children of her first husband. Maybe If you were a boy, you would understand how my Father felt. But somehow during those times of trials, our Father doesn't show any holding back of emotion nor do we hear him say any reproach to what happen. In fact, our father was a man of kind heart. During those difficulties, my father kept his composure and we did not see him having some argument or any debate to our Mother or even to our Mom teenage children. Instead my good father accompanied one of our elder half brothers in search of his first job somewhere near our home address. From those years, we do not know how our fathers land a job to our half brother. I think it's because he is good at doing business letters, because he had been one of the pioneering employees who opened their company before, and most of the business accounting plans came from him. In recent past years, there are only few citizens who may help someone to land a job, without any relation to that company and mostly to the middle class Filipino workers, selected elite people could only provide it. My father wrote a letter in one of the company near in our home address and stating that he would like to recommend to their company our Mother son.

Alas, our half brother then, got his first job in that easy way without any job experiences and other skills written in his bio data. I will not go further with last story of our Mother but rather I would like to interpret to everybody the importance and significance of our participation in determining and combating even the small acts of corruption that also mislead our written concepts of constitutions. 

 Here are the contents written to our Philippine Constitutions, I tried to include some of the introduction, study of political science, concept of constitution, and etc. that may well define our rights as a citizen of our country and may help our own understanding what primary and simple things or bills stated in our constitutions that I am concerning and being against to these small or petty acts of corruption that has been ingrain and made as a way of living methods of the majority of our population. I also plead for those people who still want to stand in their integrity to show up and be a man and bravely stand in this issue that most of our countrymen are facing day by day and massive numbers of them are not being accountable and doing his duty as what written to our numerous bills but are accessible to every form of devices like internet, social media sites, text book, eBooks which we could now search and study. But what is in general happened and usually reaction is most of them are trying to utilized and divert others of their small act of corrupted tactics, even their small children or even their lives they will put it in risk just to proof their iniquity, erroneous and deceiving justification and dignity to our nations and environment. 

The Study of Political Science

Meaning of political science

Reduce to its simple terms , political science is the systematic study of the state and government. The word "political" is derived from the Greek word polis, meaning a city, or what today would be the equivalent of a sovereign state. The word "science" comes from the Latin word scire, "to know". 

(1) The science of politics, therefore, has, its formal object, a basic knowledge and understanding of the state and of the principles and ideals which underlie its organization and activities.

(2) It is primarily concerned with the association of human being into a "body politic,' or political community (one organized under government and law).

(3) As such, it deals with those relations among men and groups which are subject to control by the state, with the relations of men and groups to the state itself, and with the relations of the state to other states.

Scope of political science 

Political science is a very comprehensive field. Its curriculum is almost certain to include courses in political theory, public law and public administration as well as in various more specialized subjects.

(1) Political theory – The entire body of doctrines relating to the origin, form, behavior, and purposes of the state are dealt with in the study of this subject.

(2) Public law – The (a) organization of governments, (b) the limitations upon government authority, (c) the powers and duties of governmental offices and officers and (d) the obligations of one state to another are handled in the study of public law. In contradiction to the rules of private law, which govern the relations among individuals, public law is so specialized that separate courses are offered in each of its subdivision – constitutional law (a,b), administrative law (c), and international law (d).

(3) Public administration – In the study of public administration, attention is focused upon the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by executive, legislative and judicial branches of government activities grows, the traditional distinctions among the powers of these branches become even less clear-cut. Today, legislative bodies have been forced to delegate greater discretion to executive officers responsible for the conduct of government policies and powers. Thus, we find many administrative agencies exercising quasi-legislative and judicial in nature. 

Function and importance of political science

(1) The function of political science is to discover the principles that should be adhered to in public affairs and to study the operations of government in order to demonstrate what is good, to criticize what is bad or inefficient, and to suggest improvements.

(2) Its findings and conclusion may be of immense practical use to constitution-makers, legislators, executives, immediate situations. Again, they may be of immense practical use to individual who seek to understand the state in which they live.

(3) The study of political science deals also with problems of social welfare, governmental economic programs, international cooperation, and a wide range of other matters, that are urgent concern to public officials and to private citizens. 

Goal in the study of political science courses

Why should the university or college student study political science? What good will it do him or her, in later? Will it help in getting a job – in "getting ahead" ? Are political science courses "practical" (i.e., vocational)? 

(1) Education for citizenship. – In answer, it should be made clear that the primary objective of the political science curriculum is education for citizenship. The preparation of students for careers in politics, law, teaching, the civil service, and foreign service (though vitally important) is secondary to the task of equipping themt o discharge the obligations of democratic citizenship, which grow constantly heavier in the modern world.

(2) Essential parts of liberal education – Most political science courses should be viewed as essential parts of liberal education, bearing no materialistic price tag and promising no job security. Such shop-worn adjectives as "practical" and citizenship can save democracy; ignorance and negligence can lose it. 

Democracy has practical advantages which no one can appraise in monetary terms. Just how much is freedom worth: The oft-repeated but seldom comprehend quotation, "eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, " requires amendment. Study, information and understanding of the complexities of modern government and politics are necessary as eternal vigilance.

(3) Knowledge and understanding of government. – Political science to gather and impart this knowledge and understanding. The "good" citizen who behaves himself and votes regularly is no longer enough. He must also be the citizen who knows the answers. He must know his government really operates, what interests and forces are behind particular policies, what the results of such policies are likely to be, what his rights and obligations are, who his elected representatives are, and what they stand for.

Concept of Constitution

Meaning of constitution

In its broad sense, the term constitution refers to "that body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty are regularly exercised." As thus defined, it covers both written and unwritten constitutions. 

With particular reference to the Constitution of the Philippines, it may be defined as that written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people. 

Nature and purpose or function of constitution

(1) Serves as the supreme or fundamental law. - A constitution is the charter creating the government. It has the status of a supreme or fundamental law as it speaks for the entire people from whom it derives its claim to obedience.

The Constitution is binding on all individual citizens and all organs of the government. It occupies the highest level in the hierarchy of laws. It is the to which all other laws must coform and in accordance with which all private rights must be determined and all public authority administered. It is the test of the legality of all governmental actions, whether proceeding from the highest official or lowest functionary.

(2) Establishes basic framework and underlying principles of government – The constitutions is also referred to as the organic or basic law being or relating to the law by virtue of which the government exist as such. 

It prescribes the permanent framework of the system of government and to assign to the different departments or branches, their respective powers and duties, and to establish certain basic principles on which the government is founded.

(3) Designed to protect the basic rights of the people – The constitution is primarily designed to preserve and protect the rights of individuals against the arbitrary actions of those in authority. Its function is not to legislate in detail but to set limitations on the otherwise unlimited powers of the legislature or the governments as a whole. It sets forth the basic rights of the people which the government must observe, respect, and protect.

Meaning of constitutional law

Constitutional law may be defined as that branch of public law which treats of constitutions, their nature, formation, amendment, and interpretation. 

It refers to the law embodied in the Constitution as well as the principles growing out of the interpretation and application made by the courts(particularly the Supreme Court, being the court of last resort) of the provisions of the Constitution in specific cases. Thus, the Philippine Constitution itself is brief but the law of the Constitution lies scattered in thousands of Supreme Court decisions.

Authority to interpret the Constitution

(1) Even a private individual may interpret or ascertain the meaning of particular provisions of the Constitution in order to govern his own actions and guide him in his dealings with other persons.

(2) It is evident, however, that only those charged with official duties, whether executive, legislative or judicial, can give authoritative interpretation of the Constitution.

(a) This function primarily belongs to the courts whose final decisions are binding on all departments or organs of the government, including the legislature. They will thus construe the applicable constitutional provisions not in accordance with how the executive or legislative department may want them construed, but in accordance with what said provisions say and provide.

(b) There are, however, constitutional questions (i.e., political questions) which under the Constitution are addressed to the discretion of the other departments and, therefore, beyond the power of the judiciary to decide. Thus, the determination of the President as to which foreign government is to be recognized by the Philippine cannot be passed upon by the courts. 

Purpose in interpreting the Constitution.

The fundamental purpose in construing constitutional provisions is to ascertain and give effect to the intent of the framers and of the people who adopted or approved it or its amendments. 

It is, therefore, the duty of the courts to contantly keep in mind the objectives sought to be accomplished by its adoption and the evils, if any, sought to be prevented or remedied. It may be assumed that the people, in ratifying the Constitution, were guided mainly by the explanations given by the framers on the meaning of its provisions.

CHAPTER 2

Human Relations (n)

Article 19. Every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith.  

Article20. Every person who, contrary to law, wilfully or negligently causes damage to another, shall indemnify the latter for the same.

Article 21. Any person who wilfully causes loss or injury to another in manner that is contrary to morals, good customs or public policy shall compensate the latter for the damage.  

Article22. Every person who through an act of performance by another, or any other means, acquires or comes into possession of something at the expense of the latter without just or legal ground, shall return the same to him.  

Article23. Even when an act or event causing damage to another's property was not due to the fault or negligence of the defendant, the latter shall be liable for indemnity if through the act or event he was benefited.

Article 24. In all contractual, property or other relations, when one of the parties is at a disadvantage on account of his moral dependence, ignorance, indigence, mental weakness, tender age or other handicap, the courts must be vigilant for his protection.

Article 25. Thoughtless extravagance in expenses for pleasure or display during a period of acute public want or emergency may be stopped by order of the courts at the instance of any government or private charitable institution.

Article 26. Every person shall respect the dignity, personality, privacy and peace of mind of his neighbors and other persons. The following and similar acts, though they may not constitute a criminal offense, shall produce a cause of action for damages, prevention and other relief:

(1) Prying into the privacy of another's residence;

(2) Meddling with or disturbing the private life or family relations of another;

(3) Intriguing to cause another to be alienated from his friends;

(4) Vexing or humiliating another on account of his religious beliefs, lowly station in life, place of birth, physical defect, or other personal condition.  

Article27. Any person suffering material or moral loss because a public servant or employee refuses or neglects, without just cause, to perform his official duty may file an action for damages and other relief against the latter, without prejudice to any disciplinary administrative action that may be taken. 

Article 28. Unfair competition in agricultural, commercial or industrial enterprises or in labor through the use of force, intimidation, deceit, machination or any other unjust, oppressive or highhanded method shall give rise to a right of action by the person who thereby suffers damage.

Article 29. When the accused in a criminal prosecution is acquitted on the ground that his guilt has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt, a civil action for damages for the same act or omission may be instituted. Such action requires only a preponderance of evidence. Upon motion of the defendant, the court may require the plaintiff to file a bond to answer for damages in case the complaint should be found to be malicious. 

If in a criminal case the judgment of acquittal is based upon reasonable doubt, the court shall so declare. In the absence of any declaration to that effect, it may be inferred from the text of the decision whether or not the acquittal is due to that ground.

Article 30. When a separate civil action is brought to demand civil liability arising from a criminal offense, and no criminal proceedings are instituted during the pendency of the civil case, a preponderance of evidence shall likewise be sufficient to prove the act complained of.

Article 31. When the civil action is based on an obligation not arising from the act or omission complained of as a felony, such civil action may proceed independently of the criminal proceedings and regardless of the result of the latter.

Article 32. Any public officer or employee, or any private individual, who directly or indirectly obstructs, defeats, violates or in any manner impedes or impairs any of the following rights and liberties of another person shall be liable to the latter for damages:

(1) Freedom of religion;

(2) Freedom of speech;

(3) Freedom to write for the press or to maintain a periodical publication;

(4) Freedom from arbitrary or illegal detention;

(5) Freedom of suffrage;

(6) The right against deprivation of property without due process of law;

(7) The right to a just compensation when private property is taken for public use;

(8) The right to the equal protection of the laws;

(9) The right to be secure in one's person, house, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures;

(10) The liberty of abode and of changing the same;

(11) The privacy of communication and correspondence;

(12) The right to become a member of associations or societies for purposes not contrary to law;

(13) The right to take part in a peaceable assembly to petition the Government for redress of grievances;

(14) The right to be a free from involuntary servitude in any form;

(15) The right of the accused against excessive bail;

(16) The right of the accused to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witness in his behalf;

(17) Freedom from being compelled to be a witness against one's self, or from being forced to confess guilt, or from being induced by a promise of immunity or reward to make such confession, except when the person confessing becomes a State witness;

(18) Freedom from excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment, unless the same is imposed or inflicted in accordance with a statute which has not been judicially declared unconstitutional; and

(19) Freedom of access to the courts. 

In any of the cases referred to in this article, whether or not the defendant's act or omission constitutes a criminal offense, the aggrieved party has a right to commence an entirely separate and distinct civil action for damages, and for other relief. Such civil action shall proceed independently of any criminal prosecution (if the latter be instituted), and may be proved by a preponderance of evidence.

The indemnity shall include moral damages. Exemplary damages may also be adjudicated.

The responsibility herein set forth is not demandable from a judge unless his act or omission constitutes a violation of the Penal Code or other penal statute.

Article 33. In cases of defamation, fraud, and physical injuries a civil action for damages, entirely separate and distinct from the criminal action, may be brought by the injured party. Such civil action shall proceed independently of the criminal prosecution, and shall require only a preponderance of evidence. 

Article 34. When a member of a city or municipal police force refuses or fails to render aid or protection to any person in case of danger to life or property, such peace officer shall be primarily liable for damages, and the city or municipality shall be subsidiarily responsible therefor. The civil action herein recognized shall be independent of any criminal proceedings, and a preponderance of evidence shall suffice to support such action.

Article 35. When a person, claiming to be injured by a criminal offense, charges another with the same, for which no independent civil action is granted in this Code or any special law, but the justice of the peace finds no reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed, or the prosecuting attorney refuses or fails to institute criminal proceedings, the complaint may bring a civil action for damages against the alleged offender. Such civil action may be supported by a preponderance of evidence. Upon the defendant's motion, the court may require the plaintiff to file a bond to indemnify the defendant in case the complaint should be found to be malicious. 

If during the pendency of the civil action, an information should be presented by the prosecuting attorney, the civil action shall be suspended until the termination of the criminal proceedings.  

Article36. Pre-judicial questions, which must be decided before any criminal prosecution may be instituted or may proceed, shall be governed by rules of court which the Supreme Court shall promulgate and which shall not be in conflict with the provisions of this Code.