Who is Zarathustra?Zarathustra was a rather famous figure in history. Many people thought that he was a character made up by Nietzsche, but he actually existed. The main character, Zarathustra, in Nietzsche's philosophical prose, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, was based on him. When Nietzsche was not famous, Zarathustra was more famous than Nietzsche. Later, Nietzsche's fame surpassed his. In "Thus Spoke Zarathustra," Zarathustra was a wise man. He left his hometown at the age of 30 and lived alone. When he was close to 40, he felt full of energy and went down the mountain to preach his ideas to the masses. Although his preaching was not widely understood and welcomed, he still won some disciples. After that, he experienced a series of events such as bidding farewell to his disciples, returning to loneliness, going down the mountain to save his disciples again, criticizing all kinds of people, boarding a ship and returning home. Criticizing the old morals and modern society, and in this process, constantly exploring and spreading their own ideas.
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The Tale of ZarathustraZarathustra was a character in Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra.
In the story, Zarathustra left his hometown at the age of 30 and lived alone in the mountains. As he approached the age of 40, he felt full of energy and went down the mountain to preach his ideas to the masses. Although his preaching was not understood and welcomed, he still won some disciples. At the end of the first part, he bid farewell to his disciples and returned to loneliness.
In the second part, he dreamed that his preaching was distorted by the world, so he went down the mountain to save his disciples again. He went to the "Island of Happiness" to criticize all kinds of "modern people" such as "sympathizers" and "missionaries" sharply. At the end, he felt that the idea of "returning forever" gradually rose in his heart, but he felt that the time was not yet right, so he left the "Island of Happiness" in tears and returned to loneliness again.
The third book began with his return from boarding the ship. Along the way, he fiercely criticized Christian tradition, old morality, and modern society. At this time, the idea of " eternal return " was maturing.
The fourth book was the finale of the book. There were " wise men " such as " prophet " and " ruler ". Zarathustra was once tempted to express sympathy for the efforts of these " wise men ", but in the end, he surpassed sympathy because, in his view, sympathy was the morality of the weak. At the end of the book, he understood that he was not pursuing happiness but a " career," so he left the cave again.
Through Zarathustra, Nietzsche declared the crisis of spiritual civilization in Europe and called for the emergence of vibrant human beings. He expressed the denial of the old value system and the affirmation of the new value system. The old value system was based on faith and obedience, while the new value system was based on life and human will.
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What kind of person is Zarathustra?From Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Zarathustra had a critical character. He was critical of the traditional concepts of happiness, rationality, virtue, justice, and sympathy in the world, believing that these concepts were full of poverty and filth. He had profound thoughts about human existence, morality, and value. He tried to redefine and guide human understanding of these concepts. Zarathustra encouraged people to go beyond traditional ideas. For example, he advocated that human beings should progress in the direction of superman, which reflected his expectation for human beings to surpass themselves and break through the norm. It also reflected his active exploration and courage to break through the shackles of traditional ideas. He emphasized self-awareness. For example, a person must first learn to love himself before they can get along with themselves. This implied that he valued the realization of individual self-worth and showed his independent thinking personality. At the same time, he also had a different attitude towards people in the world. For example," I must fence my thoughts and words to prevent pigs and rogues from entering my garden ", showing his rejection of people he thought were not worthy of understanding his thoughts.
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What did Zarathustra say?Thus Spoke Zarathustra was Nietzsche's philosophical work in prose and poetry.
I. Image and Mission of the Core Character
1. ** Zarathustra's Image **:
- Influenced by the founder of Zoroastrianism in Persia, Zarathustra was a wise man who had been reborn after meditating in the mountains for ten years. He was a lonely traveler and a passionate preacher, symbolizing spiritual awakening and self-transcendence. He looked at the world from a new perspective and was the embodiment of Nietzsche's philosophy.
2. ** Zarathustra's Mission-Preaching Down the Mountain **:
- This was the testimony of his personal spiritual awakening, and also a call to the human spiritual world. He spread new ideas with a love for life and a vision for the future. He constantly challenged traditional values in his sermons and redefined the meaning of life, morality, and religion. He announced that " God is dead ", breaking the traditional religious authority; called for the birth of " Superman ", setting a new ideal form for mankind; proposed the " eternal reincarnation " universe view, encouraging people to actively face the moments of life.
Second, the core idea
1. ** The Death of God and the Birth of Superman **:
- With the development of science and the rise of rationality, the authority and persuasiveness of traditional religious concepts were lost. Nietzsche believed that human beings should get rid of their dependence on God and define the meaning of life with their own vitality and creativity. The concept of " Superman " was a re-conception of the human spiritual world after the " death of God." Superman represented a strong body, outstanding wisdom, and spiritual freedom and independence. He was not bound by traditional morality and religious concepts and pursued the infinite possibilities and transcendence of life. It was the ideal form of human beings in the future and the ultimate goal of spiritual evolution.
2. ** Eternal Reincarnation and Positive Life Attitudes **:
- Nietzsche believed that things in the universe kept repeating and returning. Every moment, event, and life were repeating in eternal time. This concept seemed to be pessimistic, but it actually contained a positive attitude towards life. He encouraged people to cherish every moment, love every life, advocate positive life, embrace every moment, face challenges and difficulties with an optimistic attitude, and fearlessly pursue the infinite possibilities of life.
3. [Will to Power and Morality Reevaluation]:
- Nietzsche believed that life was a process of constantly pursuing power and surpassing oneself. This instinct to pursue power was the will to power, which was the fundamental driving force for the evolution of life and the core element of the human spiritual world. Based on this, he criticized and re-evaluated the traditional moral concept, believing that traditional morality suppressed human vitality and creativity, limiting the free development of the spirit. He advocated the establishment of a new moral system based on individual freedom and self-actualization based on vitality and creativity.
Third, structure and content
- The book was divided into four parts. The first part consisted of a preface and two speeches, which were mainly held in Sturmbeest Town. The second part consisted of 22 speeches, mainly in and around Happiness Island. The third part of the 16 speeches was given by Zarathustra on his way back to the cave. The fourth part of the 20 lectures was completed in and around Zarathustra's cave. Through this book, Nietzsche denied the old value system based on faith and obedience, and affirmed the new value system based on life and human will. He compared the coming era to the era when human beings began to awaken. The human spirit was in the process of transforming from a camel to a lion, indicating the arrival of a new life beyond human beings.
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