one hundred and nine the price of control

The main reasons why the economics experts opposed price control were as follows: From the perspective of resource allocation, price control would distort the allocation of resources. Under the market price mechanism, price changes reflected the relationship between supply and demand. As long as the price was willing to lower, the market could be cleared. If the highest price was set below the market price, there would be excess demand and consumers would compete to buy. If the lowest price was set above the market price, there would be excess supply. From a manufacturer's point of view, if the price is set too low, the monopolist will reduce production. Due to the decline in prices and the increase in demand, it may lead to the depletion of stocks and a shortage. Moreover, the monopoly manufacturer must be able to make a profit before production, otherwise it will refuse to produce. From the perspective of regulation effects, some price controls may be effective in the short term, but they may not be effective and successful in the long run. Although the call for price regulation seemed logical on the surface, in fact, they might not be able to protect the rights and interests of consumers and hurt others. In most cases, they could not achieve the ideal social welfare effect, and the cost of regulation might be higher than social welfare (the elimination of net losses). At the same time, it was difficult to determine the optimal price of regulation. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

There were various prices for motor control units. For example, some models of motor control units under the brand of Abbott were priced in different price ranges such as 3723.00 - 3950.00 yuan, 5900.00 yuan, 6800.00 yuan, 7418.00 yuan, 86.00 yuan, etc. There were also cases where the price of the engine hydraulic control unit for the Dodge Challenger 15 - 21 cars was not specified. There was also a price of 1.0 yuan. 10.0 yuan, 12.0 yuan, and other control units for different purposes. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

In October 2024, the average price of second-hand houses in Jiujiusong Pavilion was 78450 yuan/square meter; currently, the total price of houses on sale was 7.92 million yuan/set, with an average price of about 85000 yuan/square meter.

1. ** The bidding control price is not standardized ** - If the bidding control price is prepared based on the drawings with insufficient design depth, and the list items in the drawings that are difficult to determine the work content are contracted with the "item" as the unit price, it will cause the actual completion cost to deviate from the bidding price, and it will easily cause disputes during the completion settlement of the project. 2. ** Inaccurate calculation of quantities in the bidding list ** - The quality of the staff preparing the bill of quantities was uneven, and factors such as professional level or bidding time may cause the amount of work to be calculated more or less. Moreover, some bidders did not strictly review the bill of quantities due to the fact that the list pricing method corresponded to the unit price contract (the unit price was fixed, and the quantities were adjusted according to the actual situation during the settlement), resulting in inaccuracy. Experienced bidders would make use of the inaccurate list of quantities to make an unbalanced offer. They would first sign the contract with a low and medium price, and then adjust the quantity of the project to make the settlement cost far exceed the winning contract price. 3. ** Missing and Missing Items in the Bill of quantities for the Tendering Project ** - If the schedule is tight and the preparation time is insufficient, the preparation personnel cannot fully understand the drawings, bidding documents, laws and regulations, construction technology, etc., which may lead to missing items or missing items in the list. For example, the bidding and construction drawings of the municipal pipe corridor project have weak electricity, monitoring and other installation projects, but the bidding bill of quantities does not have them. If the bidding documents agree that "the missing items in the bill of quantities are considered to be included in other priced projects", the construction unit will calculate the missing items at a high price through the change visa after the construction according to the drawings, which will increase the construction cost and make the construction project cost out of control. 4. ** The description of the bidding list is inaccurate ** - The tight construction period would affect the quality of the work. If the design depth of the bidding drawings is not deep enough, it will directly lead to the inaccurate description of the characteristics of the list items. For example, the thickness of the insulation board in different drawings in the curtain wall subcontracted project will be different. If the list writer does not integrate the drawings, the cost will increase. In addition, the writer's lack of sense of responsibility would make the description too simple. For example, the waterproof method of the hospital renovation project only described "see the drawings" without listing the method in detail, which led to settlement and audit disputes. There were also objective reasons that caused the compilation of the list to be too short. If the bidder did not carefully check the bidding drawings and describe them according to the conventional method, it would also cause the list description and the design drawings to be inconsistent, resulting in settlement disputes. 5. ** Questions related to list item settings ** - The list code and project name were inconsistent and mixed, which would lead to unreasonable fixed price. The main difficulty lay in reasonably determining the division of the list items, the division of the quota sub-items, and it was difficult to distinguish whether the drawing requirements should be set as the list items or the combined contents of the items. It was easy to cause the list items to be inaccurate and missing items. 6. ** Item description does not match the group price ** - When describing the characteristics of the project, there may be situations where there is no description of "template" in the characteristics of the concrete list, but the template is priced during the price combination, or there is a description of "template" but the fixed price is not priced. Because the inaccurate or wrong description of the project characteristics will affect the list control price, bidding price, settlement price, resulting in differences, disputes, claims, etc. in the construction, and the compilation may not recognize the importance of the full description of the project characteristics, and the description is not comprehensive. At the same time, it is difficult to clearly define the description of the project characteristics in the Code (because the requirements of the design drawings vary greatly). 7. ** The problem of the design blueprint not being detailed ** - The key point was that it would affect the project cost, and the difficulty was that it was impossible to determine the project cost. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The purchase control price is determined according to the project budget. Generally speaking, the bid control price was equal to the project budget. The project budget for the purchased project shall be prepared according to the construction drawings. The project budget for the purchased equipment shall be prepared according to the quoted price of the equipment or the settlement price of the similar equipment purchased in the past. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

Zhonghai Lingdi Jiuzhang 552 houses, about 103 - 144 square meters, the average price is 132456 yuan/square meter. The estimated total price of the three-bedroom apartment with a building area of about 102 square meters is about 12 - 13 million yuan. The average price of this apartment is likely to be lower than the overall linked price of 140,000 +/square meter.

The current price of a Nine-Immortal Peony seedling was about 20 - 100 yuan. On some e-commerce platforms, such as the product of 4 seedlings of Nine-Immortal Peony without flower buds on Jingdong, the price was 54.9 yuan after the promotion. There were similar price ranges on other platforms. " Fairy Dream of Tang Shi: Fate of Peony " is equally wonderful. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

On November 10,2024, the price of a single bottle of 500ml Maotai-flavor liquor was 3,549.00 yuan in Jingdong Mall. When the new low was released on January 20,2021, the unit price of the promotion was 4899 yuan. "Legend of the Flying Apsaras" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!

The following is an example of a tender control price cover and preparation instructions: ** I. Cover of the bid control price ** It should include the name of the project, the name of the bidder, the name of the project cost consultant (if any), the preparation date and other basic information. For example: [Project Name] Controlled Price in Tendering [Name of the bidder] (If it involves the project cost consulting unit) Price unit: [Name of consulting unit] Date of preparation: [specific date] ** II. Description of the Establishment of the Controlled Price for Tendering ** 1. ** Project Description ** - Description of the basic situation of the project, such as the location of the project, the scale of the project (such as building area, road length, bridge span and other relevant size data, etc.), the main content of the project (if it is a construction project, explain the type of building structure, number of floors, etc.; if it is a municipal project, explain the main construction content of the project type such as roads, bridges, drainage, etc.). 2. ** Establishment basis (list)** - Code for valuation with bill of quantities for construction projects (such as the current version of codes such as GB50500 - 2013). - The specifications for the calculation of quantities of the corresponding project type (such as the specifications for the calculation of quantities of housing construction and decoration projects, the specifications for the calculation of quantities of general installation projects, etc.). - Engineering construction drawings (describe the source and version of the drawings in detail, such as the construction drawings of [Drawing No.] version designed by [Name of Design Institution] and reviewed and approved). 3. ** Establishment basis (controlled price)** - In addition to the pricing specifications and quantities calculation specifications in the preparation basis of the list, the local construction project pricing rules (such as [Region Name] Construction Project Price Rules [No.]) must also be followed. - Local construction, installation, municipal and other projects budget quota (such as [Region Name][Project Type] project budget quota [Version]). - The quota of concrete, mortar, construction machinery, construction instruments and meters involved in the project construction (specify the region and version). - Regional base price information (version information) matching the quota. - The project will be charged according to the standard of [project category, such as Class I, Class II, and Class III projects]. - The relevant notice of the local government regarding the change of business tax to value-added tax and the adjustment of the pricing basis of construction projects (list the details such as the document number). - The basis for determining the price of the materials, such as the unit price of labor according to the market information price of the construction project in [Region Name] of [specific time period]; the price of the main materials according to the price information and market price of the construction project in [Region Name] of [specific time period](specify how to deal with the materials not covered in the price information, such as referring to the price of neighboring cities or market inquiry, etc.). 4. ** Establishment Range ** - The bidding control price shall be clearly prepared according to all the project contents contained in the construction project information approved by the construction unit. 5. ** Taxes ** - State the regulations and tax rate (for example, according to [specific regulations],[X]% shall be included in the construction cost) for the tax to be included in the bidding control price. 6. ** Non-competitive fee ** - Explain that the expenses for environmental protection, safety, civilization, and temporary facilities in the construction organization measures are calculated according to the methods specified in the bidding documents, and the expenses for other construction organization measures are calculated according to the corresponding categories. 7. ** Temporary amount ** - The value of the temporary sum of the project shall be specified (state whether it is charged or not. For example, the temporary sum of the project is [X] yuan, which is not charged or not charged). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The subject of the bid control price compilation included the following aspects: 1. ** Evidence ** - It should be based on the basis and method of pricing, around the bidding documents and contract types, and combined with the actual market and the specific situation of the project. - For the establishment of Panzhou Hongcai Mingxin Junior High School Project No. 5 Information Comprehensive Building bidding control price, it should be based on the project quota, the cost quota and charging standard based on the budget preparation. 2. ** Faced with problems ** - ** About the Bill of quantities for the tender ** - If the accuracy and completeness are insufficient, the bidder shall be responsible for their accuracy and completeness. Common problems include missing or repeated items in the list, errors in the calculation of quantities, unclear description of the characteristics of the list items, unclear characteristics, unclear boundaries, failure to meet the requirements of the comprehensive unit price, etc. This will lead to the deviation of the bidder's bid price, difficulty in determining the winning bid price during the bid evaluation, disputes during settlement, etc. - In the projects invested by the grass-roots government, there were situations where the calculation of the quantity of the tender list was inaccurate. For example, the quality of the staff, the level of business, and the bidding time caused the calculation of the quantity of the project to be more or less calculated. Some bidders did not strictly check the review of the quantity of the list, and experienced bidders would use the inaccurate quantity of the list to make unbalanced offers. There would also be problems of missing or missing items in the bidding bill of quantities. For example, when the construction period was tight, the list compilation personnel did not have sufficient understanding of the relevant information, resulting in missing items in the project, which might lead to an increase in the construction cost and loss of control. It was also common for the characteristics of the bidding list to be inaccurate. For example, the tight construction period made it difficult to guarantee the quality of the work, the lack of depth of design, the weak sense of responsibility of the person who prepared it, and the short preparation time. All these factors might lead to inaccurate characteristics description, which would lead to settlement audit disputes or increase in fees. - ** Relationship with the bidding document ** - The degree of connection and compatibility with the bidding documents is not high. When preparing the bidding control price, the impact of the relevant contract terms in the bidding documents on the project cost is often not considered. There is a phenomenon of disjunction. The impact of the contract conditions on the project cost is not well reflected, resulting in insufficient consideration by the bidders. It is easy to cause cost disputes during the project implementation stage. For example, the comprehensive unit price does not fully consider the risk cost, and does not reasonably reflect the advancement of the construction period, quality standards, and environmental protection. The impact of the payment conditions and proportion of progress payment on the project cost, etc. - ** Project environmental impact ** - The influence of the project environment on the construction cost was not fully reflected. The external social market environment such as the data of the construction site's water, geological, climate, and environmental conditions, as well as the transportation conditions and resource supply conditions, would affect the construction cost. For example, a railway station project did not fully consider the impact of geological conditions on material consumption, resulting in the loss of the construction enterprise; the calculation of the project cost of the measures relied on the construction plan and construction organization design, and the cost of different plans and organization designs varied greatly. When preparing the bidding control price, a reasonable demonstration should be carried out. - ** Limitations of compilation basis ** - Over-reliance on consumption quota and social information price, the calculation of the bill of quantities in the specifications has a lag, the general content of the project characteristic description is limited, and the social information price is incomplete and deviated from the market. With the development of technology, the "four new technologies" in engineering construction continued to emerge. The contradiction between the employer's individual requirements and the traditional quota was prominent. Some special problems, such as the contractor as the bidder, the relevant expenses of the professional project contracting, the competition for the consumption of materials supplied by Party A, etc., could not be solved by applying the quota in the bidding control price. This made the bidding control price unable to fully reflect the characteristics of the market economy. The determined bidding control price might not conform to the true market price. It was not conducive to guiding market competition to form a price mechanism. 3. ** Writing content ** - Including the cost details, such as the summary sheet of project cost (summary sheet of single project cost, summary sheet of unit project cost, etc.), the valuation sheet of partial project cost, the valuation sheet of measure project cost, the valuation sheet of other projects, the prescribed fees, the pre-tax project, taxes, the price sheet of main materials, etc. At the same time, there must be a work volume calculation sheet (such as construction area, earth foundation work, column, beam, plate, steel bar, brick body, template, Scaffold, stairs, roof and other work volume). 4. ** Settlement measures (Take grassroots government investment projects as an example)** - The construction unit was required to pay attention to the design of construction drawings, strengthen the joint review of design drawings, improve the design depth of bidding drawings, ensure the accuracy of the characteristics of the list items, reduce design errors and professional collisions, and reduce design changes during the implementation stage of the project. For projects with tight construction period requirements and the design depth of the construction drawings that cannot meet the standards in a short period of time, it is recommended to implement the tentative work volume method. During the preparation process, it is necessary to strengthen the familiarity with the quota, actively collect the cost information, familiarize with the construction drawings and design instructions, accurately and completely describe the characteristics of the sub-bureau's projects according to the relevant standards, and prepare the list according to the principle of "Five Unifications". <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>