positive reaction

For the positive reaction rate and time diagram (V-t diagram) of the thermal reaction, there were the following characteristics: - If the temperature was changed, the reaction would absorb heat. According to Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium would move forward. The image showed that as time passed, the positive reaction rate increased at the moment of heating up (because the temperature increased, the molecular motion increased, the effective collision probability increased, and the reaction rate increased). Then, as the reaction progressed, the positive reaction rate gradually decreased until it reached a new equilibrium state, and the positive reaction rate under the new equilibrium was greater than before the temperature increased. - If it involved a change in pressure, for the heat absorption reaction with a change in the number of gas molecules before and after the reaction, if the pressure was increased, the reaction would move in the direction of the decrease in the number of gas molecules (if the positive reaction was the direction of the decrease in the number of gas molecules), the positive reaction rate would instantly increase, and then gradually decrease to a new equilibrium as the reaction progressed. The positive reaction rate under the new equilibrium was greater than that before the pressure was increased. If the pressure was reduced, the positive reaction rate would instantly decrease, and then gradually change to a new equilibrium as the reaction progressed. - If a catalyst was added, the positive reaction rate would instantly increase, and the time to reach equilibrium would be shortened, but the equilibrium would not move. In other words, the final positive reaction rate would stabilize at the same level as the original equilibrium (the catalyst would change the positive and reverse reaction rates to the same extent). <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

If the positive and negative poles of the razor were connected in reverse, it might cause the motor to reverse and there would be no shaving effect. For example, when an old razor modified the charging cable, if the positive and negative poles of the connection were reversed and the motor reversed, even if the direction of the charging head was changed, it would not work properly. It needed to be re-welding to ensure that the direction of the motor was consistent with the direction of the razor head (such as counterclockwise). In terms of the internal circuit connection of the razor, there were two welding spots on the positive and negative poles on the circuit board (separated by a U-shaped gap). The negative poles of the motor and the battery were simultaneously welding on the second welding spot on the right, the positive pole of the motor was welding on the first welding spot on the left, and the positive pole of the battery was welding on the second welding spot on the left. However, there might be differences in the circuit design of different models of shavers. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

The positive or negative of the change in the temperature had no direct relationship with the reaction rate. ** I. Judgment of Positive and Negative EnChange ** 1. ** Based on the energy of the reagents and products ** - If the total energy of the reagent is higher than the total energy of the product, there will be energy release during the reaction, and the change in the heat is an exothermic reaction. For example, in a combustion reaction, when a flammable substance and oxygen react to form a product, the energy of the reaction is higher than the energy of the combustion product. The reaction releases heat, and the heat becomes negative. - When the total energy of the reagent is lower than the total energy of the product, the reaction needs to absorb energy to proceed. The change in the heat is an heat absorption reaction. For example, the reaction of water gas, carbon and water vapor reacted at high temperatures to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The reaction needed to absorb heat, and the heat would become positive. 2. ** From the perspective of chemical bonds ** - The essence of chemical reactions was the breaking of old chemical bonds and the formation of new chemical bonds. The breaking of chemical bonds absorbed energy, and the formation of chemical bonds released energy. If the energy absorbed by a bond breaking reaction is less than the energy released by the bond forming reaction, the reaction will be heat releasing and the change in the heat will occur. On the other hand, if the energy absorbed by the bond breaking reaction is greater than the energy released by the bond forming reaction, the reaction will be heat absorbing and the change in the heat will occur. For example, when hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, the energy absorbed by separating the chemical bonds in hydrogen and oxygen is less than the energy released by forming the hydrogen and oxygen bonds in water. Therefore, the reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the energetics become negative. ** 2. Judgment of reaction rate ** 1. ** Concentration of Reactants ** - Generally speaking, under the same conditions, the higher the concentration of the reagent, the more molecules of the reagent in the unit volume, the higher the probability of collision between molecules, and the faster the reaction rate. 2. ** Temperatures ** - When the temperature rises, the energy of the molecules increases, the speed of the molecules increases, and the frequency of effective collisions increases, thus accelerating the reaction rate. 3. ** Pressure (for reactions involving gases)** - When the pressure increased, the volume of the gas decreased, the concentration of the reagents increased, and the reaction rate increased. However, the effect of pressure on the reaction rate was essentially achieved by changing the concentration. 4. ** A catalyst ** - The catalyst could reduce the activation energy of the reaction, making it easier for the molecules to react, thus speeding up the reaction rate. There were also some kinds of catalyst that could slow down the reaction rate, but they were relatively rare. 5. ** Solid surface area (for reactions involving solid)** - The larger the surface area of the solid, the larger the area of contact with other reagents, and the faster the reaction rate. For example, when bulk and powdered solid react with other reagents, the reaction rate of the powdered solid is usually faster. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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1. **酸性电解质中的电极反应** - **正极反应**： - 当正极上的反应物质是\(O_{2}\)时，在酸性电解质溶液中，\(H^{+}\)参与反应，\(O_{2}\)得电子生成水，电极反应式为\(O_{2}+4H^{+}+4e^{-}=2H_{2}O\)。 - 对于其他在酸性电解质中的正极反应，遵循得到电子发生还原反应的原则，根据具体的反应物质确定反应式，例如在\(H_{2}SO_{4}\)溶液中\(2H^{+}+2e^{-}=H_{2}\uparrow\)。 - **负极反应**：负极失去电子发生氧化反应。例如在\(H_{2}SO_{4}\)溶液中，以\(Mg\)为负极材料时，\(Mg - 2e^{-}=Mg^{2+}\)。在书写负极反应式时要注意负极反应生成的阳离子与电解质溶液中的阴离子是否共存，如果不共存，则该电解质溶液中的阴离子应写入负极反应式。 2. **碱性电解质中的电极反应** - **正极反应**： - 当正极上的反应物质是\(O_{2}\)时，在碱性电解质溶液中，水参与反应，\(O_{2}\)得电子生成\(OH^{-}\)，电极反应式为\(O_{2}+2H_{2}O + 4e^{-}=4OH^{-}\)。 - **负极反应**：负极失去电子发生氧化反应。如以\(Al\)为负极材料，电解质为\(NaOH\)溶液时，负极反应式为\(2Al - 6e^{-}+8OH^{-}=2AlO_{2}^{-}+4H_{2}O\)。同样要注意负极反应生成的阳离子与电解质溶液中的阴离子是否共存等问题，例如在碱性条件下，钢铁腐蚀中负极生成的\(Fe^{2+}\)与溶液中的\(OH^{-}\)结合生成\(Fe(OH)_{2}\)。 <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">点击前往免费阅读更多精彩小说</a>

The reason why the positive reaction rate was greater than the reverse reaction rate was as follows: 1. ** Concentration Effect ** - When the concentration of the reagent increased, according to the collision theory, the effective collision frequency between the molecules of the reagent increased, and the positive reaction rate instantly increased. At this time, the concentration of the product had not changed, and the reverse reaction rate did not change. Therefore, the positive reaction rate was greater than the reverse reaction rate, and the reaction went forward. For example, in the reaction A + B, if the concentration of A or B increases, the positive reaction rate will increase before the reverse reaction rate. - When the concentration of the product was reduced, the reverse reaction rate would decrease. However, the positive reaction rate would not change when the concentration of the reagent remained unchanged. This would also cause the positive reaction rate to be greater than the reverse reaction rate, causing the reaction to move forward. 2. ** Effect of temperature (targeted at the heat reaction)** - For example, when the temperature was raised, the positive and reverse reaction rates increased. However, since the positive reaction was a thermal reaction, according to Le Chatelier's principle, the increase in temperature was not conducive to the progress of the thermal reaction, so the increase in the reverse reaction rate was greater than the increase in the positive reaction rate. Then, for a reaction that was a positive reaction, when the temperature was raised, the increase in the positive reaction rate was greater than the increase in the reverse reaction rate. The positive reaction rate was greater than the reverse reaction rate, and the reaction was positive. 3. ** Pressure effect (for reactions where the gas volume changes before and after the reaction)** - For example, for the reaction, the total volume of the gas before the reaction (1 + 3 = 4) is greater than the total volume of the gas after the reaction (2). When the pressure increases, according to the ideal gas state equation,[pV = nRT]([p] is the pressure,[V] is the volume,[n] is the amount of matter,[R] is the constant,[T] is the temperature), the gas concentration increases, and the positive and reverse reaction rates increase. However, because the reaction moved in the direction of decreasing the volume of the gas, the increase in the positive reaction rate was greater than the increase in the reverse reaction rate. The positive reaction rate was greater than the reverse reaction rate, and the reaction proceeded in the positive direction. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

In an acidic environment, glucose lost electrons at the negative pole and was oxided. The reaction formula of the positive pole was [C6H12] O6 + 6H2O- 24e^- = 6CO2 + 24H^+]. The reaction formula of the positive pole was [6O2 + 24H^+ + 24e^- = 12H2O]. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>

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This wasn't right. In the primary battery, the conducting material in the positive pole material sometimes only acts as a conductor and does not participate in the reaction, but the oxidiser in the positive pole will participate in the reaction. For example, the positive pole in the Alkaline Zinc-Manganese Dry Cell is made of Manganese Dioxid and Graphite. Manganese Dioxid (the oxidiser) is involved in the reaction, and the reaction formula is: Mn <2>+2H <2> O +2e <2>= Mn <2>+2H <2>. <a href="/?from=ask_words" style="color:red" target="_blank">Read more exciting novels for free</a>