A brief history of scientific developmentHere is an answer to a question about the history of science:
##1. Fill in the blanks
1. In 1911, the British Rutherford experimented and found that there was a very small nucleus in the atom, which concentrated 99.99% of the mass of the atom. He proposed the atomic nuclear model (planetary model).
2. In 1905, Einstein created the special theory of relativity in his paper "Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", which was one of the most important contributions of his life.
3. Between 1930 and 1932, the cyclotron, the static accelerator, and the high-voltage doubler were invented, providing powerful tools for nuclear physics research. An object that can completely absorb radiation without any transmission or transmission is called an "ideal blackbody."
##2. Multiple Choice Questions
1. In 1840, the German mathematician Liebig discovered the chemical composition of soil fertility. Agricultural industrialization began with the fertilizer industry, and the answer was A.
2. Newton's second law was also known as the law of acceleration. The answer was A.
3. The scientific achievements of ancient West Asia were prominent in mathematics and astronomy. The answer was C.
4. As early as the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, Li Bing and his son completed the Dujiangyan project on the basis of their predecessors. The answer was B.
5. In the 1930s, the principle of quantum mechanics was extended to the study of polyatomic molecules to establish the valence-bond theory and the molecular orbital theory. The answer was A.
6. Archeologists divided the Stone Age into three periods: Paleolith, Mesoliths, and Neoliths. The answer was D.
7. In 1852, the British mathematician Frank proposed the concept of the ability to combine elements. The answer was B.
8. About 70% of the technologies needed for modern clothing, food, housing, and transportation can be found in the original technological inventions. The answer is C.
##3. True or False Questions
1. It was true that the modernizations of traditional production sectors such as the machinery manufacturing industry, light industry, construction industry, and railway transportation industry were very important to the development of social production and the entire science and technology.
2. It was true that the machinery industry in developed countries valued the quality of materials and studied methods to prevent friction to save raw materials.
3. At the beginning of the 20th century, man-made high-molecular materials began to be produced. Due to the development of related disciplines, high-molecular materials were still under research. This statement was correct.
4. It was true that mankind's research on materials had reached the essence, which was a major leap in understanding and creating materials.
5. In many countries, it was wrong to say that the output value of farming exceeded that of animal husbandry.
6. Agriculture was an ancient industry. In countries such as France and Denmark, specific education and a "green education certificate" were required to operate a farm.
7. It took the Americans about 10 years to basically achieve agricultural mechanized agriculture, while Japan took about 30 years to fully achieve agricultural mechanized agriculture since 1950. This statement was wrong.
8. The theories of cybernetics, information theory, and archeology that reveal the similarities of many phenomena in the three fields of nature, society, and human thought are wrong.
##4. Short Answer Questions
1. ** The great significance of DNA discovery **
- DNA was the carrier of genetic information. The discovery of its double spiral structure was closely related to genes, which greatly promoted the development of molecular biology.
2. ** The relationship between primitive agriculture and human settlements **
- Primitive agriculture was developed on the basis of the harvesting economy. It was an epoch-making event in human economic life. The emergence of primitive agriculture allowed humans to have larger settlements for the first time.
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