The Determination of Reaction Rate and Reaction ConstantThe chemical reaction rate represented the speed of the chemical reaction, which was the rate of change of the reaction progress with time or the reaction progress of the chemical reaction in unit time and unit volume. The average reaction rate was the decrease of the concentration of the reagent or the increase of the concentration of the product in unit time. The instantaneous reaction rate was the limit of the average reaction rate that approached zero. The reaction rate constant represented the chemical reaction rate at a unit concentration. It was independent of the concentration, but it was affected by factors such as temperature, catalyst, and solid surface properties. Usually, the larger the reaction rate constant, the faster the reaction would proceed.
There were two common methods to measure chemical reaction rates: chemical and physical methods. The chemical method used chemical analysis to directly measure the change in the concentration of the reagent or product over time to obtain the chemical reaction speed. However, the chemical analysis speed might not be able to keep up with the reaction speed and affect the measurement results. However, it could provide an absolute concentration value. The physical method was more extensive and convenient. It was to determine the reaction speed based on some physical properties that changed with the reaction, such as the pressure method, the distension meter method, or the volume method; the optical rotatory method, the interference method, the chromicity method, and the spectrophotosity method; and the electrical property method, such as the conductivity method, the potential method, the polarography method, the dielectrical constant method, and the mass spectrum method.
As for the determination of the reaction constant, for example, in the experiment of determining the rate constant of the fading reaction by the method of the catalyst, based on the principle of the catalyst kinetic method, the reaction system of the fading reaction of the Evans Blue by the reaction of the potassium bromate under the action of the NaNO3 was proposed. The corresponding chemical reaction rate constant was calculated by measuring the change of the absorption of the reaction system at different initial concentration and temperature. In terms of specific operations, the stock solution of the relevant reagents was first prepared, and then the reagents were added into the color-measuring tube according to a certain order and dosage. The timing and volume were started, and then the absorption curve was measured. The reaction constant was determined by preparing reaction solutions of different compositions, adding the solution after reacting for a period of time to stop the reaction, and taking a sample to measure the absorption curve. Finally, the concentration of other components was maintained at a constant temperature, and the change of the light absorption with time when different amounts of the solution of bromate or the solution of NaNO3 were measured, as well as the change of the light absorption with time when the specific amount of the solution of NaNO3 was measured at different temperatures.
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Distinguishing Fever Reaction and Hemolytic ReactionFever usually occurred within 1 - 2 hours after blood transfusion. It was often accompanied by chills or chills, followed by high fever. The body temperature could reach 39 - 40 ° C, accompanied by skin flushing and headache. Most of the blood pressure did not change. The symptoms lasted for less than 10 minutes and relieved after 1 - 2 hours. Some patients might be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Most hemolytic reactions were caused by the transfusion of abnormal blood. The typical symptoms were shock, chills, high fever, difficulty breathing, back pain, precordium pressure, headache, hemoglobinuria, abnormal bleeding, and so on, which could lead to death. The only early signs of surgery patients under anesthesia were wound bleeding and low blood pressure. Compared to hemolytic reactions, fever reactions during blood transfusion were usually milder, but hemolytic reactions were more serious and even life-threatening. In addition, from the mechanism of the fever reaction, it was different from the hemolyzed reaction. The hemolyzed reaction was an acute immune transfusion reaction caused by the reaction of the transfused red blood cells (a few of which were the red blood cells of the recipient) with the corresponding red blood cell allo-antigen-like body of the recipient. In terms of treatment, there were also differences between the two. Blood transfusion should be stopped immediately for fevers, and heat preservation should be given when shivering, and fever should be treated with antipyretic treatment. For hemolytics, more complicated and urgent treatment measures should be carried out according to the specific situation, such as dealing with possible serious consequences such as shock and acute kidney failure.
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Who had the same reaction as Shocking! I Have Become the Master of the MicroworldSimilar to Shocking! I Have Become the Master of the Microworld."
1:" Reborn AI, the Encyclopedia of Cultivation Compiled by It Has Come True ", Author: The Orange Eating Multicolored Cat
2:" The Apocalypse Descends, I Counterattacked and Added Points to Become a God ", Author: Sunny Dolphin
3. Dressed as Pan Jinlian in a Month? Waiting online, urgent! Author: Koizumi who wants to sleep
4." I Simulate the Dream of the Red Chamber as a Girl ". Author: I am Xiaoxiao.
5:" Unlimited Evolution in the End of the World ", Author: Heaven's Rise: 49
6:" Demonic Cultivation Begins from a Carp ", Author: Decadent Lobster
7:" The Age of Supergroup, From the Ferocious Panda to the Giant Starry Sky Beast ", Author: A Giant Panda
8." Daily Construction of Ancient Lords." Author: Junlin 123
9:" A Man in High Martial Arts, But Only a Cat ", Author: I Once Wanted A Beauty Beside Me
The following is a detailed introduction of these novels:
1." Reborn AI, the Encyclopedia of Immortal Cultivation Composed Has Come True ":[Through a big data search, the Ming Dynasty advocated ancient martial arts. The black-robed prime minister Yao Guangxiao proved his Dao with martial arts. His tomb contains secret manuals that have been handed down for generations, such as Marrow Cleansing Classic, Body Training Secret Skill, Four Seas Dragon Subduing Palm, etc. His sword, the Seven Star Dragon Slaying Sword, and Zhu Di's saber, the Nine Refined Star Moon Saber, were all made by him. He created a prosperous martial arts world for the later generations of the Ming Dynasty...]
The AI's reply attracted the attention of countless people. Naturally, no one believed this ridiculous message.
However, a group of grave robbers found Yao Guangxiao's tomb under the guidance of an AI, and a seven-year-old girl learned ancient martial arts through the AI and fought against dozens of people…
This AI's reply blew up the entire internet!
Immediately after, the AI gave various replies again.
[Through big data search, the Song Dynasty Taoism flourished, and it subdued demons and ghosts...]
[Through big data search, Buddhist culture prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, reincarnation, suppression of demons...]
[Through the big data search, humans and gods coexisted in the Han Dynasty, and the passageway between the divine realm and the human realm was not closed...]
[Through the big data search, everyone in the Qin Dynasty could cultivate. The First Emperor unified the world and used the power of the world to cultivate and ascend, creating the path of Immortal Qin...]
[Through big data search, ancient times…]
As the history of the Song Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, and many others that the AI mentioned came out one after another, people realized that the history that people knew was so shallow and one-sided...
2." The Apocalypse Descends, I Counterattacked and Added Points to Become a God ": Mysterious Transmigration, Extraordinary Revival, Doomsday Monster Descends?
They were just toys used to add points. None of them could fight.
[Fishing proficiency is full. Unlocked advanced skill, Dragon Subduing.]
Su Mo waved his fishing rod and easily killed a mutated fish.
[Killed Level 0 Deep Sea Giant Fish]
[Evolution Point +1]
.....
Also known as: Su Mo: Three years have passed, I can easily grasp the end of the world.
" Strange Descends. I'm a Little Panicked, But It's Not a Big Problem."
" The Legend of the Hot-blooded Special Ability in the Heavens."
3. Dressed as Pan Jinlian in a Month? Waiting Online, Urgent! A countdown appeared in Pan Xue 'er's mind, telling her that she would cross the Great Song in a month and become the famous Pan Jinlian!
Hence, she started to post, asking for help!
The Jimei of Zhihu and Little Red Book offered suggestions one after another!
From small to potato, corn, sorghums, and other planting techniques,
Then, there were machinery, electronics, teaching materials, steel making, weapon forging, steam…
Then there were the Forest Law, Murphy's Law, Zhou's reasoning, nuclear fusion…
Then, there were Taoist skills, Maoshan Taoist skills, Taiji Fist, Sanda…
A month later, Pan Xue 'er successfully transmigrated and became Pan Jinlian. The entire Great Song panicked!
4." I Simulate the Dream of the Red Chamber as a Girl ": Qin Keqing, who has transmigrated into the Dream of the Red Chamber world, receives the life simulator.
Faced with the Ning residence's filth, Qin Keqing chose to escape.
In the first simulation, he was imprisoned by Jia Zhen.
In the second simulation, he was imprisoned by Jia Zhen.
……
For the Nth time, he successfully escaped but was captured again…
Sigh, I just want to live.
……
5." Unlimited Evolution in Doomsday ": Reborn to the moment before the beginning of the Cataclysm era.
Knowing how dangerous this world was, he felt that he should keep a low profile, hide well, and develop wretchedly.
Therefore, he secretly turned the young but future demon into a maid.
At the same time, he also relied on the advantage of his rebirth to seize the various natural treasures that appeared the moment the Cataclysm Era began, such as the Earth Vein Spiritual Peaches, the Dragon-Scaled Koi, the Bloody Frenzied Blade...
His system was still giving him the Hundred Changes Body, the Eye of Disaster, the Bewitching Heart, and other special abilities, allowing him to continuously evolve…
Just like that, he had unknowingly become the savior of the apocalypse.
6:" Demonic Cultivation Begins From A Carp ":[Double Penetration]+[As Stable As An Old Dog]+[Strange Brain Hole]
Lu Fan had transmigrated to the cultivation world and become a red carp.
With the support of a mysterious system that could travel through other worlds by triggering keywords, he traveled through various mysterious worlds.
In the world of cultivation, he was a yes-man.
In the Otherworld, he struck with heavy fists!
Thus, thousands of years later, a famous Great Carp Immortal was born.
Behind him was the East Sea Flood Dragon, who would not let go until one of them died, the Black Mountain Goat, who would not leave, and the princess of the immortal world's divine sect, who had flown into a rage out of humiliation after failing to break off the engagement…
7." The Age of Supergroup, from the Ferocious Panda to the Giant Starry Sky Beast ": When the huge squid corpse appeared in the human field of vision, its huge body, which was more than 100 meters long, silently announced the arrival of the Age of Supergroup.
After a large number of marine creatures, birds, and beasts gradually emerged, humans could only build multiple isolation zones at the edge of the city.
However, the vast majority of humans did not know that even in the dream realm, there were unknown dangers hidden…
After transmigrating to this dangerous world, Zhong Yi had actually become a five-month-old panda cub.
Descendants of extraordinary creatures?
The last hope of the giant panda race!
"This burden is too heavy!" Zhong Yi exclaimed.
Just as Zhong Yi was about to take things one step at a time, a status panel suddenly flashed in his mind.
"As long as I eat, I can get all kinds of rewards?"
Just like that, Zhong Yi embarked on a path of no return…
8." Daily Construction of Ancient Lords ": At the end of the dynasty, the emperor did not do anything about human affairs. He exiled loyal officials who exiled and exiled them. He sent them to the outside world to build palaces and rivers. He transported strange stones, rare flowers, and rare herbs to satisfy his selfish desires and forced countless people to die. People's resentment rose everywhere.
Fang Xiao arrived at an ordinary farmer's house in Taoli Village. At first, she thought that she had received a script for farming and becoming rich. Who knew that natural disasters would happen frequently and her father would be conscripted away by unscrupulous officials. She suddenly realized that she was going to take the script for escaping from famine. In the end, the meteorite that fell from the sky and fused into her body was a lord's token.
When he woke up, the world changed.
The mountain forest rose from the ground, and giant trees reached the sky. All the plants and animals in sight seemed to have eaten hormones and become larger, full of aggression. It was as if they had returned to primitive society overnight, and humans had become the weakest existence.
Hehe, so it was a prehistoric survival script.
Of course, what happened after that told her that she had thought too simply. When she fought monsters crazily and hoarded goods, she finally upgraded her territory from the lowest prehistoric civilization to a stone civilization, an agricultural civilization, and finally a modern technological civilization. She had a coke in one hand and milk tea in the other. She played with her phone and watched movies. She could even look at the interstellar civilization. When she walked into space, she couldn't help but sigh." This is what life is like."
9." A Man in High Martial Arts, But a Cat ": Li Yan Transmigrated.
The good news was that there was a path of cultivation in the world.
The bad news was that he had turned into a cat.
The better news was that he had a little rich woman to raise him.
The worse news was that the little rich woman had embarked on the road to saving the country.
The invasion of the alien races, the chaos of the demon beasts, and the secret of thousands of years were about to set off an endless war in the Great Zhou.
Heroic sentiments, the path of the path of the dead, what kind of magnificent storm would the truth hidden in the hearts of the people bring?
As a cat, where would Li Yan go in this turbulent tide?
When he finally stood in the immortal's residence and looked back on his life, would he be able to calmly say,
A clear conscience.