Goku might run into past versions of his friends. He could see a younger Krillin or Bulma and have some really interesting interactions. He could also meet past versions of his enemies and try to change their fates. For instance, he could meet a young Vegeta and try to steer him away from the path of evil. This would be a huge change in the Saiyan's story.
In the fanfiction, their relationship could be one of mutual admiration. Kid Goku would look up to Future Goku for his experience and power. Future Goku, on the other hand, would be charmed by Kid Goku's innocence and raw potential. They could train together, and during this process, they would form a strong brother - like relationship.
In a fanfiction where Kid Goku meets Future Goku, one possibility is that Future Goku would be amazed at seeing his younger self. He might share some of the dark experiences he has had in the future, like the battles against powerful enemies and the losses. Kid Goku, being young and full of energy, could be inspired by Future Goku's strength and determination. Maybe he would start training even harder, eager to reach the level of his future self.
In a fanfiction where Future Gohan meets Goku, it could be an emotional reunion. Gohan might be filled with a sense of relief and joy, seeing his father again. He could show Goku all the things he's been through in the future, and Goku would be both proud and sad about what his son has endured.
It could lead to some really interesting plot twists. Maybe Goku could prevent major disasters before they happen and change the course of events in the Dragon Ball universe.
In the fanfic, Goku could become friends with Naruto easily. Since they both have a strong sense of justice and a will to protect their friends. Goku might teach Naruto some of his training methods, like training under heavy gravity. And Naruto could show Goku the unique aspects of ninja villages and how they function.
He might start by observing. Aang is a curious person, so he'd likely watch how people live, how they interact with technology. He may also try to find other benders to learn about any new developments in bending. And he'd probably use his kind heart to make friends easily in this new future environment.
Vegeta would also be an important character. His rivalry with Goku would intensify even more. Seeing Goku achieve the Super Saiyan form early would fuel his jealousy and his desire to become stronger. He might even try to find new ways to train or gain power to catch up with Goku.
Well, he could change a lot of things. Maybe he'd prevent some of the big battles or save some characters who died. For example, he might stop Frieza from destroying Planet Vegeta earlier. It would be a whole new timeline with different outcomes.