Ming Dynasty starts from Weiwu Castle"I don't quite understand the exact meaning of your sentence,'Big Ming starts from Weiwu Citadel.' If you want to ask about the situation of Weiwu Fort during the Ming Dynasty, Weiwu Fort was re-established by Shangshu Wang in the second year of Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty (1466)(there are also records that it was set up by Governor Wang Rui. In the fifth year of Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty (1469), the garrison of Big Rabbit Fort was withdrawn and moved here). It was the Guanbao of Yulin Town of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty and one of the ten camps under the jurisdiction of Yansui Town Middle Road. It was 40 miles west of Qingping Castle, with 525 troops stationed, 353 horses and a total of one member. It governed the Great Wall "34 miles 321 steps, 26 pier and abutments". The perimeter of the city was two miles and eighty paces. There were three gates in the south, north, and east. They were called Weiwu, Zhenshuo, and Zhenfu respectively. There were 14 buildings. In the sixth year of Wanli (1578), the brick wall was added. Now, the original bricks and stones of the fort had been completely removed. The inside of the fort was covered by yellow sand, and only the rammed earth walls were left intermittently. The basic outline could be seen. There were no residents in the fort, only a local temple. It was now a ruin and dense vegetation was planted with beans, Buckwheat, potatoes and other crops. There were also four temples in the city. The surface tiles were everywhere, and there were a large number of bricks, porcelain pieces, bones, and so on.
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Mu Yun in the novelIn many novels, there was a character named " Mu Yun." For example, in the novel " After the Sixth Year of Exile, the Marquis's Father and Son Wanted to Take Me Home," Mu Yun played an important role in the protagonist's family relationship and was the key figure that led to the breakdown of the protagonist's family. In " The Mystery of the Photoalbum," Mu Yun was also one of the characters. The story revolved around the protagonist discovering the secret of her husband, Shen Zhizhou, traveling with his first love when they were young. Mu Yun was involved. There were also other novels that had a character named " Mu Yun ".
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How to write the lesson plan and reflection summary of the spinning top in the small classThe following is a lesson plan and reflection summary example of a spinning top in a small class:
** 1. Teaching plan **
#"Small class will spin the top" lesson plan
##(1) Teaching objectives
1. Guide children to actively participate in exploration activities related to the top, stimulate curiosity and thirst for knowledge about the phenomenon of top rotation.
2. By letting the children play with the top, they explored the factors that affected the rotation of the top, such as the shape, the rotating disk, the axis, and so on.
3. Cultivate children's observation, comparison ability and teamwork spirit, and explore and exchange knowledge about the top in group cooperation.
##(2) Difficulties in Teaching
1. ** Main point **
- Guide the child to carefully observe the rotation of different tops during the process of playing the top to find out the factors that affect the rotation.
- Children are encouraged to actively participate in group activities and boldly express their findings.
2. ** Difficulty **
- Let the child understand the scientific principles related to the rotation of the top, such as the concept of centrifugal force (in a simple way that the child can understand).
##(3) Teaching preparation
1. Prepare different types of tops for each group of children, including different shapes, different rotating discs, and different axes.
2. A spacious activity area so that children could freely spin the top to observe.
##(4) Teaching process
### 1. Introduction (3 minutes)
- The teacher took out a top, showed it to the children and asked,"Children, look at this." Have any children ever played with a top?" Guide the child to recall the experience of playing the top and share the fun of playing the top, so as to stimulate the child's interest in this lesson.
### 2. Exploration Activity (20 minutes)
####Activity 1: The influence of shape on the spinning of a top (7 minutes)
- The teacher divided the children into small groups, and each group distributed a different shape of the top (such as round, square, etc.) to let the children compete to see whose top spun longer.
- In the process of children playing, the teacher toured and encouraged the children to observe and compare with each other, asking questions such as "Why do you think his top is spinning longer?"
- After the game ended, the children were organized to exchange feedback. Ask the child to say who he competed with and what the result was, and try to explain why his top spun fast or slow.
- The teacher summarized the children's answers and briefly explained why the shape might affect the rotation of the top. For example, a circular top might be more stable when rotating.
####Activity 2: The influence of a spinning disk on the spinning of a top (7 minutes)
- Each group was given a different spinning top, and the children were allowed to compete again.
- During the tour, the teacher reminded the children to pay attention to the performance of the spinning top of different rotating discs, such as the speed and stability.
- After the competition, the children were guided to discuss and share their findings. The teacher summarized the answers of the children and explained to the children how the difference in the rotating disk affected the rotation of the top.
####Activity 3: The influence of the axis on the rotation of the top (6 minutes)
- The children were provided with spinning tops with different axes for the final round of the spinning competition.
- During the children's play, the teacher guided the children to pay attention to the relationship between the characteristics of the axis and the rotation of the top.
- After the competition, the children were asked to share their observations. The teacher summarized and supplemented the explanation to help the children understand the importance of the axis in the rotation of the top.
### 3. Knowledge Expansion (10 minutes)
- The teacher asked some more in-depth questions, such as,"Children, we have discovered so many factors that affect the spinning of the top. What do you think will happen if we push the top slightly while it is spinning?" Guide the child to think about the changes in the state of motion of the top and try to explain the reason behind it (for example, the role of the force involved, etc.).
- Teachers could show some special spinning tops or spinning tops of different materials to further stimulate the children's desire to explore.
### 4. Wrap-up (7 minutes)
- The teacher and the child will review the content of this lesson together and summarize the factors that affect the rotation of the top, such as shape, rotating disk, axis, etc.
- Children are encouraged to continue to explore the mysteries of the top after class. They can try to make their own tops or find different tops to play with.
##(5) Extension of Teaching
1. Placing materials in the art design area to encourage children to make their favorite tops.
2. Put more different types of tops and related measuring tools (such as stopwatches) in the science section, so that children can further explore the mystery of the spinning of the top.
** 2. Reflection and conclusion **
#Reflection on the Teaching of "The Spinning Top in Small Class"
##(I) Success
1. ** Arouse children's interest **
- At the beginning of the lesson, by showing the top and letting the children share their experience with the top, it effectively attracted the children's attention and stimulated their interest in the lesson. The children showed high enthusiasm and participation throughout the activity. They were very eager to play with the top and explore the mysteries.
2. ** Practice and Exploration **
- The three operation exploration activities were designed to let the children play with different types of tops and intuitively feel the influence of the shape, rotating disk and shaft on the rotation of the top. This kind of practical operation method with children as the main body was not only in line with the learning characteristics of children, but also could cultivate children's observation, comparison ability, and thinking ability. During the activity, the children could actively participate in the group competition, carefully observe the rotation of the top, and try to explain the phenomenon in their own language.
3. ** Group Cooperation and Communication **
- During the activity, the children were divided into small groups to operate and explore, which helped to cultivate the children's team spirit. In the group, the children could help each other, learn from each other, complete the spinning top competition together, and share their findings in the feedback session. Through group work, the children's language skills were also trained. They could boldly express their thoughts and opinions to their peers and teachers.
##(2) Deficiency
1. ** The depth of the explanation of scientific principles **
- When explaining the scientific principles behind the factors that affect the spinning of the top to the children, although they tried to use a simple and easy to understand method, it might still be a little difficult for small children to understand. For example, the concept of centrifugal force and friction force, children might only have a smattering of knowledge. In future teaching, the explanation of these concepts could be further simplified, or more vivid and vivid analogies could be used to help children understand.
2. ** Time Control **
- In the operation exploration activity, because the children were very interested in the top, they might spend more time playing with the top, resulting in the final knowledge expansion and summary segment being a little rushed. In the future, he needed to arrange the time of each link more reasonably to ensure that each teaching goal could be fully achieved.
##(3) Modification
1. ** Explanation of optimized scientific principles **
- For scientific concepts that were more difficult to understand, they could be demonstrated by making simple animations or teaching aids, so that children could more intuitively see the role of these principles in the spinning of the top. For example, a simple animation could be made to show how the centrifugal force worked when the top spun, so that the child could understand it more vividly.
2. ** Precise Time Management **
- Before the next teaching session, re-examine the time allocation for each teaching session. During the process of the children playing the top, remind the children to pay attention to the time appropriately to ensure that each session can be carried out according to the plan. At the same time, it could also flexibly adjust the teaching progress according to the actual reaction and participation of the children to ensure the integrity of the teaching activities.
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