basic principles of news writing pdf

The basic principles of writing included: 1. Decide on the theme and purpose: Before you start writing, you need to determine the theme and purpose of your writing. This would help to convey the intended message in the article and allow the readers to better understand the article. Plan and organize: You need to plan and organize before you start writing. This included determining the structure and content of the article, as well as choosing the appropriate vocabulary and grammar. Create an interesting plot: In writing, you need to create an interesting plot to attract the reader's attention. The plot should be attractive and tense while ensuring logic and continuity. 4. Use appropriate language: You need to use appropriate language to convey information in writing. The language should be accurate, concise, vivid, and consistent with the main idea of the article. Keep it simple: Keep it simple in your writing. Too much nonsense and repetition would make the reader feel bored and affect the reading experience. 6. Respect the reader: You need to respect the reader in your writing. The article should be easy to understand and avoid insulting language or plots. 7. Revise and edit: Revise and edit after the first draft is completed. This included checking grammar, spellings, and punctuations, as well as reviewing the plot and theme of the article.

For books on the basic principles of x-ray vision, you can refer to the following suggestions: 1 "Basic Principles of Perspective"( This is a very basic and comprehensive perspective textbook that covers the basic principles of perspective, composition techniques, and perspective examples. 2. A Course in Perspective ( Reid: This book details the basic theory and applications of perspective, including near and far, depth of field, perspective projection, etc. It is very suitable for beginners to read. 3 Principles of Perspective ( Stuart: This is a more in-depth perspective textbook that covers more advanced topics of perspective, including depth of field, perspective distortion, perspective composition, and so on. 4. Principles and applications of perspective ( ·Caster): This book not only covers the basic principles of perspective, but also deeply explored the application of perspective in literature, art and design. It is a very practical perspective textbook.

The second part is the light - independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle. Here, carbon dioxide from the air is taken in. Using the energy and hydrogen ions from the light - dependent reactions, carbon dioxide is converted into glucose, a type of sugar that plants use for energy and to build other molecules.

The basic principles that should be grasped when reading literary works include: 1. Understanding the background and historical environment of the work: literary works often involve the social, political, and cultural environment in which the author lives. Therefore, understanding the background and historical environment of the work helps to better understand the meaning and extension of the work. 2. Grasp the theme and character image of the work: The theme and character image of the literary work are the core of the work. By analyzing the plot, character, behavior, etc. of the work, you can better understand the idea and meaning of the work. 3. Analyzing the structure and artistic techniques of the work: The structure of the work includes the plot, clues, climax and ending, while the artistic techniques include narrative methods, description techniques, rhetoric techniques, etc. By analyzing the structure and artistic techniques of the work, one could better understand the artistic characteristics of the work. 4. Respect the theme and historical background of the work: The theme and historical background of a literary work are often related to the social, political, and cultural environment in which the author lives. Therefore, when reading a literary work, you should respect the theme and historical background of the work and avoid blindly echoing or criticizing it. Critical reading: When reading literary works, you should maintain critical thinking to analyze and criticize the bad elements, wrong views, and defects in the works so as to better understand and appreciate the works.

The basic principles of literary appreciation included the following aspects: 1. Understanding the content of the text: The first step in appreciating literature is to understand the content of the text, including the story, the characters, the theme, and so on. Only by truly understanding a work could one better appreciate its artistic value. 2. Analyzing the structure of the text: The second step of literature appreciation is to analyze the structure of the text, including the paragraph, sentence, chapter, etc. Through the analysis of the text structure, we can better understand the author's writing techniques and creative intentions. 3. Feeling the emotions of the text: The third step of literature appreciation is to feel the emotions of the text, including the emotions in the story and the emotions in the character's heart. Only by truly feeling the emotions in the text can we better understand its artistic value. 4. Think about the meaning of the text: The fourth step of literary appreciation is to think about the meaning of the text, including the influence of the work on contemporary society, the author's purpose of creation, etc. Through thinking about the meaning of the text, we can better understand the profound meaning of the work. 5. Borrowing and appreciating: The fifth step of literature appreciation is to learn the writing skills and creative methods of other works by comparing the works with other works. Through the study of other works, one could better improve the level of literary appreciation.

There are many basic principles of conception in literary creation. The following are some common examples: 1. Plot design: Plot design refers to determining the starting point, development, climax, and ending of the story. A good plot idea should be able to attract the readers 'interest and make them follow the development of the story. 2. Character conception: Character conception refers to determining the characters in the story, including the protagonist, supporting characters, and villains, and determining their personalities, goals, motives, and emotions. A good character idea should allow the reader to resonate with the characters and understand their actions and decisions. 3. Thematic conception: Thematic conception refers to determining the theme and values of the story. A good theme should be able to guide the development of the story and the design of the plot, allowing the reader to get some enlightenment and reflection at the end of the story. 4. Setting design: Setting design refers to determining the background and historical background of the story, including social, cultural, political, and natural environments. A good background should be able to provide a broad background for the story and allow the reader to better understand the characters and plot in the story. 5. Rhythm conception: Rhythm conception refers to determining the rhythm and beat of the story, including the beginning, ending, climax, and ending. A good rhythm should be able to make the reader feel nervous and excited during the development of the story and satisfied and gratified at the end of the story. 6. Language design: Language design refers to determining the language style of the story and the language style includes vocabulary, grammar, tone and pronunciation. A good language should allow the reader to better understand the meaning of the story and feel the charm and artistic conception of the story. The above are just some basic principles of conception in literary creation. In the actual creation process, it still needs to be analyzed and thought deeply according to the plot, character, emotion and other factors.

The basic principles of the structure of a literary work included: 1. A linear structure: A novel and other literary works are usually organized according to the time sequence of the plot development, such as a linear story line. 2. Non-linear structure: Literature works such as novels can also try to adopt a non-linear structure, that is, the plot development is not organized according to time order, but presents a certain jump and reversal, such as multiple story lines. 3. Thematic structure: The structure of a literary work can also reflect its theme through different plot arrangements and character creation. 4. Narrated perspective: Narrated perspective refers to the different perspectives used by the author to tell the story. Different perspectives can be used to present different aspects of the story. 5. Rhythmic structure: Rhythmic structure refers to creating a tense or soothing atmosphere through different plot rhythms and dialogue rhythms. 6. Conversational structure: The conversational structure refers to the dialogue between the characters to present the storyline, which can strengthen the character's personality and express the theme. Event-driven structure: event-driven structure refers to a series of events as the main clue to organize the structure of the character's actions and reactions, which is the main force to promote the development of the story. 8. The psychological description structure: The psychological description structure refers to the presentation of the story through the inner feelings and thinking activities of the characters, allowing the readers to have a deeper understanding of the inner world of the characters. These are some of the basic principles of the structure of literary works. Different literary works can adopt different structural methods to present their unique styles and characteristics.

The basic methods and principles of appreciating literary works are as follows: Understanding the background of the work and the author's life: When appreciating literary works, understanding the background of the work and the author's life experience can help us better understand the meaning and extension of the work, and also help us better grasp the theme and style of the work. 2. Analyzing the structure and organization of the work: When appreciating literary works, analyzing the structure and organization of the work can help us better understand the ideas and logic of the work and also help us better appreciate the artistic expression of the work. 3. Interpretation of the meaning and extension of the work: When appreciating literary works, interpretation of the meaning and extension of the work can help us better understand the thoughts and emotions of the work, and also help us better understand the cultural background and social significance of the work. Comparing the features and advantages and disadvantages of works: Comparing the features and advantages and disadvantages of works can help us better identify the features and advantages and disadvantages of works, and also help us better evaluate the value and significance of works. 5. Evaluation of artistic achievements and historical significance: When appreciating literary works, evaluating the artistic achievements and historical significance of the works can help us better understand the value and quality of the works, and also help us better understand the cultural traditions and artistic achievements of the works.

The basic principle to follow in setting reading goals is: 1. Decide on the purpose of reading: The purpose of reading is to obtain information, improve reading comprehension, and cultivate literary accomplishment. 2. Decide on the scope of reading: Decide on the type of books or articles to read, such as novels, essays, poems, etc. 3. Decide on the reading difficulty: Decide on the reading difficulty according to the purpose and scope of the reading so that you can gradually improve your reading ability. 4. Make a reading plan: Make a reading plan that includes reading time and reading progress so that you can arrange your time reasonably and read efficiently. 5. Decide on the reading standards: According to the reading goal and reading progress, determine the reading standards, such as whether you can understand the main idea of the article, whether you can master reading skills, etc.

A news story typically has a headline to catch attention, an introduction that gives the main points, the body with detailed information and context, and a conclusion that sums things up.