Handwritten notes on the Redox ReactionThe following is an example of a handwritten note on a reduction reaction:
* * 1. Basic Concepts **
1. * * Reaction Type **
- Oxidation reaction: A reaction in which the chemical valency of the elements contained in a substance increases.
- Reductive reaction: A reaction in which the chemical valency of the elements contained in a substance is reduced.
- Oxidation-reduction reaction: There are reactions where the valency of elements increases and decreases.
2. * * Reactants **
- Oxidant: A substance that obtains electrons in a reaction.
- Reductant: A substance that loses electrons during a reaction.
3. * * Production **
- [Oxidation product: The product obtained after the loss of electrons.]
- [Reductive product: The product obtained after electrons are reduced.]
4. * * Material Nature **
- Oxidability: The property of the electron emitted by the initiator.
- Reductibility: The property of a reducing agent that loses electrons.
* * 2. Common Oxidants and Reductants **
1. * * Judgment basis (mainly depends on the element's valency)**
- When the element is at the highest valency, the element can only be used as an oxidiser, such as Mn with +7 valency and S with +6 valency.
- When an element was in an intermediate state, it could act as both an oxidiser and a reducing agent, such as S with 0 valency and S with +4.
- When an element is at its lowest price, it can only be used as a reducing agent, such as S with a-2 valency.
2. * * Important Oxidants **
- Active non-metallic elements, such as F2, Cl2, Br2, O2, etc.
- When the element is at a high price, it is an oxide-containing acid, a high-priced ox-containing acid, and a high-priced ox-containing acid salt, such as MNO2, NO2; concentrated H2SO4, HNO3; KMNO4, KClO3, FeCl3, etc.
- Peroxides, such as Na2O2, H2O2, etc.
3. * * An important reducing agent **
- Elemental metals such as Na, K, Mn, and Mn.
- Some non-metallic elements, such as H2, C, Si, etc.
- Oxides of elements with low valency, such as CO, SO2, etc.
- An acid when the element is at a low valency, such as HQ (concentrated), Brr, Hi, H2S, etc.
- The salt when the element is at a low valency, such as Na2SO3, FeSO4, etc.
* * 3. Description of electron transfer **
1. * * Double Line Bridge Method **
- The arrow points from the element in the reagent that has changed its valency to the same element in the product that has changed its valency (an arrow goes up and an arrow goes down, crossing the equal sign in the middle of the equation).
- Number of electrons transferred: When the valency increases, electrons are lost; when the valency decreases, electrons are gained. The valency changes the number of atoms of the element m × the number of electrons gained (or lost) per atom ne-, which is m × ne-.
2. * * Single-line bridge method **
- The line bridge started from the element with a higher chemical valency in the reagent and pointed to the element with a lower chemical valency in the reagent. The arrow pointed to the element with a lower chemical valency in the initiator, and the arrow was just "=".
- The total number of electrons transferred was indicated on the wire bridge, and neither gained nor lost was written.
* * 4. Reaction Law of Oxidation-reduction Reaction **
1. * * Price State Law **
- The same element, in its highest state, was only oxidiser. In the lowest state, it only has reduction. In the intermediate state, it has both oxidisation and reduction properties.
2. * * Dissimilation and Reincarnation Rule **
- The law of the return of the valency state: When the same element has different valency states, the change of the valency state is "only close to each other, can be intersected, and not crossed".
3. * * Reaction sequence **
- In a solution of similar concentration:
- At the same time, when a concentrated reducing agent is added, the strong reducing agent will be first oxided.
- At the same time, when it contains a concentrated oxidiser, after adding a reducing agent, the strong oxidiser will be reduced first.
4. * * Law of Conservation **
- In any oxido-reduction reaction, the total number of increase in valency = the total number of decrease in valency, the total number of electrons lost by the reducing agent = the total number of electrons obtained by the oxidiser, and the number of charges before and after the reaction was equal.
* * 5. Rule of Judging the Strength of Oxidability and Reductibility **
1. * * Judgement based on the equation of the oxido-reduction reaction **
- Oxidability: Oxidants> Oxidation products.
- Reductibility: reducing agent> reducing product. It can be summed up as: what kind of agent to find, the nature of the product is weaker than the agent.
2. * * Judging by the metal activity sequence **
- The reduction of K, Na, Na, Mn, Al-Mn, Fe-Mn, Sn-P,(H), Cu-Mn, Ag-Mn, Pt-Mn gradually weakened from left to right, and the oxidisation of the corresponding ions gradually increased.
3. * * Based on reaction conditions and intensity **
- The lower the reaction conditions, the more intense the reaction, and the stronger the oxidisation or reduction of the corresponding substance.
4. * * Based on the degree of the oxido-reduction reaction **
- Under the same conditions:
- When different oxidisers act on the same reducing agent, the higher the price of the oxidiser, the stronger the oxidiser.
- Different reducing agents acted on the same kind of oxidiser, and the reduction product with a low valency had a strong reduction ability.
* * 6. Balance of the Redox Reaction Formula **
1. * * Three Principles **
- The principle of electron conservation, the principle of atom conservation, and the principle of charge conservation.
2. * * General Method **
- Valence rising and falling method combined with the least common multiple method.
3. * * Balance technique (balancing the missing equation of the oxido-reduction reaction)**
- First, he used the "valency increase and decrease method" to balance the chemical quantities of substances with variable valency elements. Then, he used the conservation of atoms to determine the unknown, and then he balanced them according to the conservation of atoms.
- The principle of complementing:
- Under acidic conditions, if there was a lack of H (hydrogen) or more O (oxygen), H + would be supplemented. If there was less O (oxygen), H2O (water) would be supplemented.
- Under basic conditions, if there was a lack of H (hydrogen) or more O (oxygen), H2O (water) would be supplemented, and if there was less O (oxygen), it would be supplemented with Oh-. The balancing order of the equations for the oxido-reduction reaction involving ions:
- According to the rise and fall of the chemical valency, the chemical quantities of the oxidiser, and the oxidiser were balanced.
- According to the conservation of charge, the number of ions was adjusted.
- Finally, he checked the conservation of atoms and charge.
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How to write handwritten notes in a notebookBased on context alone
Here are some suggestions for writing handwritten notes:
** 1. Planning the structure of the notebook **
1. ** Table of contents **
- A few pages were reserved at the beginning of the notebook as a table of contents. When there was a lot of content to be copied, the page number would be recorded according to the novel's name or theme to facilitate subsequent searches.
2. ** Split column design (option)**
- Each page could be divided into two or three columns. For example, the left column could be used to write the sentence that was copied, the middle column could simply indicate the source (such as the title of the novel, the title of the chapter, etc.), and the right column could be used to write down a brief understanding or analysis of the sentence.
** 2. Excerpt content selection **
1. ** Wonderful sentences **
- It included vivid descriptions, such as the description of the character's appearance."His eyes are as deep as the brightest stars in the night sky, shining with cunning and wisdom. Under his high nose bridge, the corners of his mouth are slightly raised with a faint smile."
- The environment was described as "Moonlight shone on the ancient castle, the mottled stone walls were like sleeping beasts, and the surrounding trees rustled in the breeze, as if telling ancient secrets."
2. ** Philosophic words **
- Like "Life is like a journey. It's not about the destination, but the scenery along the way and the mood of watching the scenery."
3. ** Unique expression **
- Some unique vocabulary or novel rhetorical devices created by authors. For example,"Her laughter was like a broken wind chime, echoing in the quiet room with a different kind of poignant beauty."
** 3. Writing and Typography **
1. ** Neat handwriting **
- Try to keep the handwriting clear and neat. This way, not only would it be convenient for him to read in the future, but it would also make the notebook look cleaner and more beautiful. If your handwriting isn't very good, you can try to practice writing with a pen, and at the same time pay attention to the size of the word.
2. ** Paragraph-space **
- One to two lines of space should be left between each extract to avoid the content being too compact. If there was a longer extract, it could be written in sections to make the page layout more reasonable.
3. ** Title and decoration (option)**
- At the beginning of each novel, the title of the novel could be written in a larger font or a different color pen. You can also use some simple lines or small patterns (such as stars, flowers, etc.) to decorate the title or the entire page, but don't be too complicated, so as not to affect the overall simplicity.
** 4. Personalized supplement **
1. ** Character relationship map **
- For some novels with complicated relationships, you could draw a character relationship diagram on a certain page of the notebook. For example, in the notebook of 'Dream of the Red Chamber', he would draw the relationships between the main characters of the Jia family, the historian, the Wang family, the Xue family, and so on, which would help him better understand the content of the novel.
2. ** Thematic summary **
- After copying a part of the novel, at the end of the notebook or on a new page, summarize the main theme and plot of the novel in short words.
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Drinking (5) Original text and notes handwrittenDrinking (Part Five)
Tao Yuanming [Wei Jin]
The hut was built in the human territory, and there was no noise of chariots and horses.
How can you do this? the heart is far away, and the land is naturally inclined.
Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely see Nanshan.
The mountain air is good day and night, and the birds fly back together.
There is a true meaning in this, I want to distinguish but forget to say.
Note:
Building a house, which meant living here. Knot, build, construct; Hut, simple house.
Human Realm: The noisy and chaotic world.
The noise of chariots and horses refers to the noise of secular communication.
Jun: It refers to the author himself.
He Nenger: Why can it be like this? So, so.
Leisurely: A leisurely and indifferent appearance.
See: See (pronounced jiàn), verb.
Nanshan: generally refers to the mountain peak, one said refers to Lushan Mountain.
[Mountain Qi: Cloud Qi in the mountains.]
Rixi: Evening.
To associate with, to associate with.
[True meaning: The true meaning of life understood from nature.]
They went back together.
Forgetting words: Using the meaning of "forgetting words after gaining the meaning" in Zhuangzi·Foreign Things, it means that you have understood the true meaning of it.
"The Crane Drinks the Spring Breeze" is equally exciting. Everyone is welcome to click and read it!
Handwritten love notes, novels, recommended girlsHere are a few handwritten love novels recommended for girls:
1. The author of 'When He Laughs, He's in His Prime' was Shu Yuan. This novel was about the female protagonist rejecting someone she didn't like.
2. But You Didn't Author: Chen Huaiyu. This novel described the plot of the female protagonist having a crush on a boy named Chen Huaiyu.
3. " No One's Like You ": The story tells the story of Chen Yi's experience after receiving a text message from an unknown number. The psychological description of the secret love is very accurate, and the plot is exciting.
These novels were all about girls as the main characters and involved love and secret love plots. They were suitable for girls to read.
Must reading notes be handwritten? Can't they be printed?Reading notes did not necessarily need to be written by hand. It depended on one's personal preferences and learning style. Some people like to take notes by hand because it allows them to stay focused and record important points. A printed book notebook is fine, but it may not be as clear and easy to read as a handwritten one. The most important thing was that reading notes should be his own. It could reflect his personal learning style and comprehension ability.
Is there a better novel than Linglong's handwritten notes?There were novels similar to " Linglong's handwritten notes ":
1:" Failed the College Entrance Examination: I founded the Myriad Realms College." Author: Eagle in the Distance
2. Northern Song Dynasty Returning to the South, Asking for Truth. Author: Wild Cat Daoist
3." After Giving My Body to the Supervisor, I Have a Baby." Author: Xiaolou Girl 1
4:" Intertwined Relationship ", Author: Ran Yiyi
The following is a detailed introduction of these novels:
1:" Failed the college entrance examination: I created the Myriad World College ":" Zhang Hui, congratulations. You have established a connection with the Myriad World College system. You will obtain more knowledge. You will obtain more knowledge. You will become a great teacher."
" What's going on?" Zhang Hui was confused." What's going on?"
"Ding!"
" Host, please establish the Myriad Realms Academy as soon as possible and recruit students to slay demons and defend the Dao. Teach students to ride the sword and fly, split mountains and split seas, set up arrays, refine pills and artifacts, and so on. But it's not limited to this."
"Host, please continue to raise the reputation of the school and strive to become one of the most powerful schools among all the schools."
" The system will reward you accordingly according to your reputation. I hope that the host can study hard, study hard."
2." Northern Song Dynasty Returning to the South, Asking for Huanzhen ": Wang Huanzhen, a lonely soul with memories. After coming to this world, he had personally witnessed the Golden Men slaughtering villages in the south.
He and the girl who had come to deliver the food had luckily escaped and began their escape.
However, at this time, the Jin army was pressing down on the border, and the road to escape was not peaceful. When the two of them had nowhere to go, they were saved by a Taoist riding a crane.
The Daoist's name was Luo Puzi, and he was the heavenly master of Gezao Mountain. This time, he had come under the request of Lin Qingyan's father to bring her back to the mountain.
Before he left, he left Wang Huanzhen with a wooden token from the Shang Qing Conference.
Wang Huanzhen had witnessed Taoist Master Luo Puzi summoning the gods to control the ghosts and drive away lightning.
He resolutely set off on the path to the Shang Qing Spiritual Conference alone, seeking immortality and seeking Dao…
3." After I Dedicate My Body to Criticize the Supervisor, I Have a Baby ": A court official under one person VS a delicate beauty who hides secrets
Feng Xiao 'er had married the most treacherous official of the current dynasty. She had been scheming step by step, but he had seen through her every step.
She was originally a top-notch assassin in Jianghu. For the sake of information, she served tea and water to the superintendent, massaging his shoulders and legs. She was pitiful and humble.
After gaining the eunuch's trust, she began to put her arms around the eunuch's shoulders and wanted to be good sisters with him.
One night, Xiao Qi pressed her against the corner of the wall and said evilly. " Woman, submit to our family. We will give you the power to be above everyone else."
"Don't mess around." She hammered his chest with her small hand.
He was even more disdainful. How could a eunuch take advantage of him?
In the end, she wanted to cry but no tears came out of her eyes.
4." Intertwined Relationship ": Intertwined relationship, conflicting wishes.
It was love that made them, and it was also love that destroyed them.
Bai Xiaoshi, an imperfect female lead, found herself little by little in her search for redemption.
Lin Qing, a male lead who strived for perfection, stuck to his beliefs and tried his best to protect his family in case after case.