Bison submachine gunBison submachine gun (Russian: The SP- 19 Bizon Submachine Gun was a submachine gun developed by Izhevsk Arsenal in 1991. The main designers were Viktor Kalashnikov, son of AK designer Kalashnikov, and Aleksey Dragunov, son of SVP designer Dragunov.
It was designed and manufactured based on the AK - 74 and AK - 100 series assault rifles. In 1993, it was successfully developed and became the focus of the military. In 1996, the Bison- 2 submachine gun was adopted by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Russian special forces. In 1999, the improved Bison submachine gun was used by the Russian "Snow Leopard" special forces in military operations such as anti-terrorism operations in the North Caucasus.
The Bison submachine gun had the following characteristics:
1. ** Working principle and structure **
- It used the principle of a free gun. This principle did not require complete locking, which reduced manufacturing costs and the complexity of production and reassembly. 60% of the gun's bolt system could be exchanged with the AK - 100 series assault rifle, and the firing mechanism was completely taken from the AK -74M.
- In the early days, it was equipped with the 9x18mm standard Makarov pistol bullet (PM) and the improved Makarov pistol bullet (PM) with a higher initial velocity. Later, it was replaced with the 7.62x25mm Tokarev pistol bullet.
- The aiming device was composed of a reverse peephole and a crosshair copied from the ASKS74U rifle.
- The length of the gun was 690mm when the stock was opened, 452mm when the stock was retracted, and the barrel was 230mm long. The weight of the gun was 2.7kg.
2. ** Ammo supply system **
- Its biggest feature was the spiral magazine (magazine) made of synthetic materials, with a capacity of 64 rounds. This method of feeding bullets could increase the capacity of the gun while avoiding increasing the overall size of the gun. The magazine was located below the barrel and could act as a protective wood, which could act as a heat insulation after continuous shooting. However, compared to Calico's similar rotating magazine, Calico's magazine was located at the back of the gun and had a high aiming baseline. The Bison submachine gun's magazine design had a significantly lower failure rate.
3. ** Shooting Performance **
- It was equipped with a 240mm (1: 9.45in) right-handed barrel with four rifling lines. Each side of the muzzle was equipped with a large rectangular opening to reduce the muzzle lift. The main purpose was to protect the muzzle and the barrel from damage.
- The bolt had a short recoil. When using the standard 9× 18mm Makarov ammunition, the firing rate could reach 700 rounds per minute, and when using high-pressure ammunition, the firing rate could reach 650 - 680 rounds per minute. A lower firing rate could not only effectively reduce the recoil, but also increase the maneuverability and accuracy.
4. ** Other features **
- It adopted the same folding structure as the AK74u, which improved the commonality of the two firearms.
- Inheriting the common problem of the AK series, the external scope required an auxiliary rail to be installed on the left side of the casing, which was less expansive.
- Its advantages included a high load capacity, strong continuous firepower, and low recoil. Its disadvantages were slightly lower firing rate, slightly lower single-shot damage, weaker explosive power when close to the face, and limited tactical accessories.
In the weapons market, the performance of the Bison submachine gun was average. Its overall quality did not surpass the MP5 series, which had a large market share. The MP5 had entered the market early, had a good reputation, had complete accessories, and occupied a large market. Moreover, the submachine gun was basically positioned as a police weapon. The large ammunition capacity of the Bison submachine gun was not just needed. At the same time, the decline of Russia's political influence also made its light weapons export weak. However, it was still purchased by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, and Vietnam purchased its production license.
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