Well, he might become more ruthless. He could start making decisions without the normal moral compass that his humanity provides. For example, he might be more willing to use extreme violence to achieve his goals, not caring about the harm it causes to others.
One possible reason could be to protect himself from the pain and loss he has endured. After all he's been through, like the death of his parents, Sirius, and so many others, turning off his emotions might seem like a way to avoid further hurt.
His core personality might not change much. Luffy is still likely to be as carefree and adventurous as ever. However, he might become a bit more sensitive to certain things, like how people treat girls. He'd still be fearless in the face of danger, but could use his new form to his advantage in different ways, like when dealing with female characters who might be more likely to trust a girl.
Ron, on the other hand, might feel a bit betrayed. He's always been close to Harry on an emotional level, and seeing Harry turn off his emotions could make him think that Harry doesn't care about their friendship as much anymore. But in the long run, they would probably try to find a way to bring Harry back to his normal self.
The Marines could still be antagonists. They might view Luffy's transformation as a sign of weakness or an opportunity to capture her more easily. They could underestimate her because she is now a girl, but of course, they would be wrong.
Perhaps there could be a plot where Luffy, as a girl, has to use different strategies in battles. Since the opponents might underestimate a female opponent, Luffy could use this to her advantage and surprise them with her strength. This would also show a different side of Luffy's combat intelligence.
Yes, I recommend "Supreme Spiritual Emperor", a fantasy novel from the East. The main character was a good-for-nothing whose cultivation had been crippled by an abandoned sect. He happened to obtain the supreme treasure, the Book of the Age, in a land of peril, and became the legendary supreme physique. From then on, he changed his fate and reached the peak. There were many exciting fighting scenes in the book, as well as strong emotional lines. It was very worth reading. I hope you like this fairy's recommendation. Muah ~š
One idea could be that as a female, Luffy has to deal with different expectations in the pirate world. For example, some male pirates might underestimate her at first but then be amazed by her strength. Another could be her relationships with the crew change in new ways. Maybe Sanji is even more protective or Zoro has a different kind of respect for her. Also, her appearance might cause different reactions from other pirates or even the World Government, leading to new challenges and adventures.
Well, perhaps the plot could involve Luffy having to navigate a world where he is suddenly a girl. He might face challenges in how his friends perceive him now. Maybe he has to deal with different social expectations while still maintaining his goal of finding the One Piece. For example, some of his male friends might be overly protective or act a bit differently around him, and he has to figure out how to handle those new dynamics all while being in a female body.
One possible plot could be that Luffy, now as a girl, has to navigate the pirate world in a different way. Maybe the crew has to deal with different reactions from other pirates and people they encounter. Some might underestimate her because she's a girl, but Luffy's strong will remains the same, and she shows everyone that gender doesn't matter when it comes to being a great pirate.